United States Senate elections, 1814 and 1815
.svg.png){kind=small} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The United States Senate elections of 1814 and 1815 were elections that had the Democratic-Republican Party lose a seat but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a change of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Composition after June 1814 election in New Hampshire.
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 Ran | ||||||||
| F9 Ran |
F10 Unknown |
DR25 Retired |
DR25 Retired |
DR24 Retired |
DR23 Unknown |
DR22 Unknown |
DR21 Ran |
DR20 Ran | |
| F8 Ran |
F7 Ran |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
Result of the general elections
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 Re-elected | ||||||||
| F9 Re-elected |
F10 Re-elected |
F11 Gain |
V1 DR Loss |
V2 DR Loss |
DR23 Hold |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 Hold |
DR20 Hold | |
| F8 Re-elected |
F7 Re-elected |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
| Key: |
|
Race summaries
Except if/when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1814 or before March 4, 1815; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Pennsylvania (Class 3) |
Michael Leib | Democratic- Republican |
1809 (Special) 1808 |
Incumbent resigned to become Postmaster of Philadelphia. New senator elected February 24, 1814.[1] Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. |
√ Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 82 Thomas Sergeant (Democratic-Republican) 23 Horace Binney (Federalist) 8 John Steele (Federalist) 1 Horatio Gates Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1 Isaac Wayne (Federalist) 1 Not voting 10[1] |
| New Hampshire (Class 2) |
Nicholas Gilman | Democratic- Republican |
1804 1810 |
Incumbent died May 4, 1814. New senator elected June 24, 1814. Federalist gain. |
√ Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 93 Samuel Bell 80 Scattering 5[2] |
| Ohio (Class 1) |
Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican |
1803 1807 (Retired) 1810 (Special) |
Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Ohio. New senator elected December 10, 1814 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Joseph Kerr (Democratic-Republican) 42 Benjamin Ruggles 36 Duncan MacArthur 1 David Purviance 1[3] |
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
George Walker | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected December 16, 1814. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William T. Barry (Democratic-Republican) 58 Benjamin Mills 48[4] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
David Stone | Democratic- Republican |
1800 1807 (Resigned) 1812 |
Incumbent resigned December 24, 1814. New senator elected December 30, 1814 on the eleventh ballot.[5][6] Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. |
√ Francis Locke Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 104 John Stanly (Federalist) 75[5] |
| Virginia (Class 1) |
Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican |
1809 | Incumbent died December 30, 1814, having lost re-election, see below. New senator elected January 2, 1815, having already won election to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 William Wirt 80 Scattering 4[7] |
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Jesse Bledsoe | Democratic- Republican |
1813 | Incumbent resigned. New senator elected January 3, 1815 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) 56 Benjamin Mills 50[8] |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1815; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Samuel Dana | Federalist | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1814. | √ Samuel Dana (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| Delaware | Outerbridge Horsey | Federalist | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1815. | √ Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 18 John Warner (Democratic-Republican) 8[9] |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1802 1808 |
Legislature failed to elect. A winner would not be elected until 1816.[10] Democratic-Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing.] |
| Massachusetts | Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1813 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected in 1815. | √ Christopher Gore (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| New Jersey | John Lambert | Democratic- Republican |
1808 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1815 on the third ballot.[11] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 29[12] John Lambert (Federalist) 17[12] Ebenezer Elmer Withdrew[12] |
| New York | Obadiah German | Democratic- Republican |
1809 | [Data unknown/missing.] New senator elected February 7, 1815.[13][14] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Nathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) 89 James Emott (Federalist) 40 John Jay (Federalist) 1 Philetus Swift (Democratic-Republican) 1[13][14] |
| Ohio | Joseph Kerr | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 7, 1815 on the third ballot.[15] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) 42 Duncan MacArthur 34 William Creighton Jr. 5 Peter Hitchcock 2[15] |
| Pennsylvania | Jonathan Roberts | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected December 10, 1814.[16] | √ Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 84 Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 32 Jared Ingersoll (Federalist) 1 Not voting 9[16] |
| Rhode Island | William Hunter | Federalist | 1811 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1814. | √ William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous[17] |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1797 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1799 (Special) 1803 1809 (Appointed) 1809 (Special) |
Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. A new senator would later be elected, see below. |
None. |
| Vermont | Jonathan Robinson | Democratic- Republican |
1807 (Special) 1808 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 25, 1814 Federalist gain. |
√ Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 111 Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) 83 John Strong (Democratic-Republican) 7 Scattering, 1.[18] |
| Virginia | Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican |
1808 | Incumbent sought re-election, but after the election he died. New senator elected November 14, 1814. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 William Wirt 80 Scattering 4[7] |
Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was elected in 1815 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected October 10, 1815. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 37 Parry Wayne Humphreys 23[19] | ||
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Jesse Wharton | Democratic- Republican |
1814 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected October 10, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Williams (Democratic-Republican) 32 John Rhea 26[20] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
Francis Locke Jr. | Democratic- Republican |
1800 1812 |
Incumbent resigned, having failed to qualify. New senator elected December 5, 1815 on the fifth ballot.[21][22] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 101 John Branch Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 59 Scattering 27[21][22] |
| Virginia (Class 2) |
William B. Giles | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Special) 1804 1811 |
Incumbent resigned March 3, 1815. New senator elected December 7, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner subsequently declined to serve. A new senator was later elected in 1816. |
√ John Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 125 John Mercer 43 |
See also
Notes
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
References
- 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - February 24, 1814" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1814 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018. , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 28, 1814. Turner, Lynn Warren. The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983. 292.
- ↑ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. pp. 98–99 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018. , citing The Western Monitor (Lexington, KY). December 23, 1814. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). December 17, 1814.
- 1 2 "North Carolina 1814 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 11". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018. , citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). January 4, 1815.
- ↑ "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- 1 2 "Virginia 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018. , citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). November 19, 1814.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1815 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018. , citing The Union (Washington, KY). January 14, 1815. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). January 7, 1815.
- ↑ "Delaware 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1815. 37.
- ↑ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 29, 2004. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
- ↑ "NJ US Senate". Our Campaigns. April 1, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
- 1 2 3 "New Jersey 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018. , citing New Jersey Privy Council Records, 1814. 306-307.
- 1 2 "New York 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018. , citing Ontario Messenger (Canandaigua, NY). February 21, 1815.
- 1 2 "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- 1 2 Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 99 – via Google Books.
- 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - December 10, 1814" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018. , citing The Rhode-Island American, and General Advertiser (Providence, RI). November 8, 1814.
- ↑ "Tuesday, October 25th: Senator". Vermont Watchman. Montpelier, VT. October 27, 1814. p. 3. (Subscription required (help)). In addition to winning a majority in the legislature, Tichenor also unanimously received the 12 votes of the Governor and Council.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018. , citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96-97.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018. , citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96-97.
- 1 2 "North Carolina 1815 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 5". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018. , citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 8, 1815.
- 1 2 "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.