United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
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12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1812 and 1813 were elections that, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party lose two seats but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.
DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
DR28 Retired |
DR27 Retired |
DR26 Retired |
DR25 Retired |
DR24 Unknown |
DR23 Unknown |
DR22 Ran |
DR21 Ran |
DR20 Ran | |
DR29 Retired |
F7 Ran |
F6 Ran |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Result of the elections
DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
V1 DR Loss |
DR27 Hold |
DR26 Re-elected |
DR25 Re-elected |
DR24 Hold |
DR23 Hold |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 Hold |
DR20 Hold | |
V2 F Loss |
F6 Gain |
F5 Re-elected |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Key: |
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Race summaries
Special elections during the 12th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Louisiana (Class 3) |
New seat | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) √ Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) James Brown 16 Eligius Fromentin 5 Livingston 3[1] | ||
Louisiana (Class 2) |
New seat | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. | |||
Louisiana (Class 2) |
Thomas Posey | Democratic- Republican |
1812 (Appointed) | Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812. Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 26 Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 14 F. Skipwith Eliminated[2] |
Races leading to the 13th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. | √ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic- Republican |
1809 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. | √ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky | John Pope | Democratic- Republican |
1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) 56 Stephen Ormsby 51 Anthony Butler Eliminated Isham Talbot Eliminated[3] |
Louisiana | Allan B. Magruder | Democratic- Republican |
1812 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 25 Thomas Posey 13 Richard Butler 6 Blank[4] |
Maryland | Philip Reed | Democratic- Republican |
1806 (Special) 1806 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing.] |
New Hampshire | Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots. Federalist loss. |
Jedediah Kilburn Smith 89 John Goddard 83 Charles Cutts (Federalist) 3 David L. Morril 1[5] |
New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Special) 1807 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain. |
√ Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5% James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%[6] |
North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic- Republican |
1799 1804 (Lost) 1806 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 100 A.D. Murphy (Democratic-Republican) 83 Thomas Davis (Democratic-Republican) 12[7] |
Ohio | Alexander Campbell | Democratic- Republican |
1809 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 63 Calvin Pease 18[8] |
Pennsylvania | Andrew Gregg | Democratic- Republican |
1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 63 Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26 James Brady (Independent) 22 Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 6 Not voting 5[9] |
South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Special) 1806 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 118 Henry Middleton 37 James Gowdy 1[10] |
Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican |
1791 1795 (Lost) 1801 (Special) 1806 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican) Royall Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 94 Scattering 4[11] |
Special elections during the 13th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Massachusetts (Class 1) |
James Lloyd (F) | Federalist | 1808 (Special) 1809 |
Resigned May 1, 1813. New senator elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold. |
√ Christopher Gore (Federalist) 381 William King 10 Scattering 102[12] |
Connecticut (Class 3) |
Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 (Special) 1812 |
Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. New senator elected May 13, 1813. Federalist hold. |
√ David Daggett (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maryland (Class 3) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist gain. |
√ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) 53 Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 35[13] | ||
Delaware (Class 2) |
James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (Special) 1805 1811 |
Resigned March 3, 1813. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist hold. |
√ William H. Wells (Federalist) 14 George Monro (Democratic-Republican) 10 Richard Bassett (Federalist) 1[14] |
New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810 (Special) 1813 (Appointed) |
Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
√ Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 129 Charles Cutts (Federalist) 39 John Goddard Eliminated Scattering 4[15] |
Georgia (Class 2) |
William Bulloch | Democratic- Republican |
1813 (Appointed) | Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 79 J. Macintosh 39[16] |
See also
References
- ↑ "Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). October 14, 1812.
- ↑ "Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing The Louisiana Gazette and New-Orleans Advertiser (New Orleans, LA). December 3, 1812.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). January 27, 1813.
- ↑ "Louisiana 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Courrier de la Louisiane (New Orleans, LA). January 22, 1813.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1812 U.S. Senate, Ballot 12". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). December 29, 1812.
- ↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 11, 1812.
- ↑ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 98 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Pennsylvania 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Journal of the Pennsylvania State Senate, 1812. 41-43.
- ↑ "South Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser (Charleston, SC). December 10, 1812.
- ↑ "Vermont 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Columbian Phenix: or, Providence Patriot (Providence, RI). October 31, 1812.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing The Virginia Patriot (Richmond, VA). June 11, 1813.
- ↑ "Maryland 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). May 25, 1813.
- ↑ "Delaware 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1813. 12.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Portsmouth Oracle (Portsmouth, NH). June 12, 1813.
- ↑ "Georgia 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018. , citing Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 14, 1813.
External links
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov