United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811
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11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1810 and 1811 were elections that had the Democratic-Republican Party maintain their majority the United States Senate. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Composition after June 1810 special election in New Hampshire.
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 Retired | ||||||||
| F8 Ran |
DR26 Ran |
DR25 Ran |
DR24 Ran |
DR23 Ran |
DR22 Ran |
DR21 Ran |
DR20 Unknown |
DR19 Retired | |
| F7 Ran |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
Result of the general elections
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 Hold | ||||||||
| V1 F Loss |
DR26 Re-elected |
DR25 Re-elected |
DR24 Re-elected |
DR23 Re-elected |
DR22 Re-elected |
DR21 Re-elected |
DR20 Hold |
DR19 Hold | |
| F7 Re-elected |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
Except if/when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.
Special elections during the 11th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) |
Samuel White | Federalist | 1801 (Appointed) 1796 (Special) 1803 1809 |
Incumbent died November 4, 1809. New senator elected January 12, 1810. Federalist hold. |
√ Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 27 Blank 1[1] |
| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Nahum Parker | Democratic-Republican | 1807 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810. New senator elected June 21, 1810. Federalist gain. |
√ Charles Cutts (Federalist[Note 1]) 99 Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 73 Jedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 4 Oliver Peabody (Federalist) 2 Isaac Hill (Democratic-Republican) 1 Nay 5[2] |
| Connecticut (Class 1) |
James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 (Special) 1797 1803 1809 |
Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810. New senator elected December 4, 1810. Federalist hold. |
√ Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 137 Asa Spalding 19[3] |
| Ohio (Class 1) |
Return J. Meigs, Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1808 (Special) 1808 |
Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810 to become Governor of Ohio. New senator elected December 15, 1810 on the sixth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) 35 Samuel Huntington 31 James Pritchard 2 George Tod Eliminated John Bigger Eliminated Thomas Kirker Eliminated Thomas Morris Eliminated James Caldwell Eliminated[4][5] |
| South Carolina (Class 2) |
Thomas Sumter | Democratic-Republican | 1801 (Special) 1809 |
Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senator elected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. |
√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 Joseph Alston 74[6] |
Races leading to the 12th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (Special) 1805 |
Incumbent re-elected January 8, 1811. | √ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 17 James Tilton (Democratic-Republican) 9[7] |
| Georgia | William H. Crawford | Democratic-Republican | 1807 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811. | √ William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| Kentucky | Henry Clay | Democratic-Republican | 1810 (Appointed) | Appointee retired to run for U.S. House of Representatives. New senator elected January 8, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 77 Christopher Greenup 20 Matthew Lyon no[8] |
| Massachusetts | Timothy Pickering | Federalist | 1803 (Special) 1805 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect due to partisan deadlock in the Massachusetts Senate. Federalist loss. |
Timothy Pickering (Federalist) Joseph B. Varnum (Democratic-Republican) William King Richard Cutts Perez Morton Josiah Quincy (Federalist) Joseph Sprague[9][10] |
| New Hampshire | Nicholas Gilman | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected June 21, 1810 on the fourth ballot. | √ Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) Jedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 78 Charles Cutts (Democratic-Republican[Note 1]) 1 Oliver Peabody (Federalist) 1 Nay 1[11] |
| New Jersey | John Condit | Democratic-Republican | 1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special) 1809 (Lost) 1809 (Appointed) 1809 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected November 5, 1810. | √ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[12] |
| North Carolina | James Turner | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected November 26, 1810 on the third vote. | √ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 106 David Stone 83 Blank 1 Benjamin Smith Eliminated Thomas Davis Eliminated[13] |
| Rhode Island | Elisha Mathewson | Democratic-Republican | 1807 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 2, 1810. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Jeremiah B. Howell (Democratic-Republican) 42 James Burrill Jr. 41[14] |
| South Carolina | Thomas Sumter | Democratic-Republican | 1801 (Special) 1809 |
Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senator elected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 Joseph Alston 74[6] |
| Tennessee | Jenkin Whiteside | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809. | √ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 39 Unopposed[15] |
| Virginia | William B. Giles | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Special) 1804 |
Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1811. | √ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 123 Scattering 15[16] |
Special elections during the 12th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late June 6, 1811 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Joseph Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 341 Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 267[17] | ||
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Jenkin Whiteside | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (Special) | Incumbent resigned October 8, 1811. New senator elected October 1, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 38 Unopposed[18] |
| Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Christopher G. Champlin | Federalist | 1809 (Special) | Incumbent resigned October 12, 1811. New senator elected October 28, 1811. Federalist hold. |
√ William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous[19] |
See also
Notes
- 1 2 Charles Cutts (NH) has conflicting accounts of whether he was a Democratic-Republican or a Federalist.
References
- ↑ "Delaware 1810 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1810. 26.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018. , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 26, 1810.
- ↑ "Connecticut 1810 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 26, 2018. , citing Connecticut Mirror (Hartford, CT). June 4, 1810.
- ↑ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes nad Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 6". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 26, 2018. , citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). December 8, 1810. Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 24, 1810. The Western Spy (Cincinnati, OH). December 29, 1810. Taylor, William A. Ohio Statesmen and Annals of Progress: From the year 1788 to the year 1900. Columbus, OH: Press of the Westbote, 1899. 68.
- 1 2 "South Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six (Washington, DC). January 1, 1811.
- ↑ "Delaware 1811 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018. , citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). January 12, 1811.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1811 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing The Reporter (Lexington, KY). January 12, 1811.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, House of Representatives Vote". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). June 9, 1810.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). June 16, 1810.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 25, 2018. , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 26, 1810. Farmer's Museum (Walpole, NH). July 2, 1810.
- ↑ "New Jersey 1810 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 9, 1810.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing The True Republican, and Newbern Weekly Advertiser (New Bern, NC). December 5, 1810.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1810 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 19, 2018. , citing The Columbian Phenix (Providence, RI). November 3, 1810.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1809. 115.
- ↑ "Virginia 1811 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018. , citing Independent American (Georgetown, DC). January 8, 1811.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1811 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). June 15, 1811. Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). June 17, 1811. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). June 18, 1811.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1811 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing Wilson's Knoxville Gazette (Knoxville, TN). October 7, 1811.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1811 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 19, 2018. , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 8, 1811.
External links
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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