United States Senate elections, 1804 and 1805
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11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1804 and 1805 were elections that expanded the Democratic-Republican Party's overwhelming control over the United States Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (9 out of 34, or 27%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.
As these elections were prior to the ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 9th Congress (1805–1807)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (27)
- Minority Party: Federalist (7)
- Other Parties: 0
- Total Seats: 34
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| F8 Unknown |
F9 Unknown |
DR25 Unknown |
DR24 Retired |
DR23 Ran |
DR22 Ran |
DR21 Ran |
DR20 Ran |
DR19 Ran | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F7 Ran |
F6 Ran |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
Beginning of the 9th Congress
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Gain |
DR26 Gain |
DR25 Hold |
DR24 Hold |
DR23 Hold |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 Re-elected |
DR20 Re-elected |
DR19 Re-elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F7 Re-elected |
F6 Re-elected |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
|
Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 8th Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1804 or before March 4, 1805; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 3) |
John Armstrong Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 (Special) 1801 1802 (Resigned) 1803 (Appointed) |
Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. New senator elected February 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 121 Unopposed[1][2] |
| New York (Class 1) |
Theodorus Bailey | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Resigned January 16, 1804 to become Postmaster of New York City. New senator elected February 25, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Armstrong Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 85 Jacob Radcliff (Federalist) 4 Egbert Benson (Federalist) 3[3][4] |
| Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Samuel J. Potter | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Died October 14, 1804. New senator elected October 29, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Benjamin Howland (Democratic-Republican) Asher Robins "by a majority of 20"[5] |
| Delaware (Class 2) |
William H. Wells | Federalist | 1799 (Special) 1799 |
Resigned November 6, 1804. New senator elected November 13, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Unopposed[6] |
| New York (Class 1) |
John Armstrong Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Special) | Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France. New senator elected November 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Samuel Latham Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 83.3% Rufus King (Federalist) 15.6% David Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%[7] |
| Virginia (Class 1) |
Andrew Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Appointed) | Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. New senator elected December 4, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| Virginia (Class 2) |
William B. Giles | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Appointed) | Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 2 seat. New senator elected December 4, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| South Carolina (Class 3) |
Pierce Butler | Democratic-Republican | 1802 (Special) | Resigned November 21, 1804. New senator elected December 6, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Races leading to the 9th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1805. | √ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Caesar A. Rodney (Democratic-Republican) 9 James Sykes (Democratic-Republican) 1[8] |
| Georgia | Abraham Baldwin | Democratic- Republican |
1799 | Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1804. | √ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous[9] |
| Kentucky | John Brown | Democratic- Republican |
1792 (new seat) 1792 1798 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Buckner Thruston (Democratic-Republican) 44 John Adair 43 John Brown (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated[10] |
| Massachusetts | Timothy Pickering | Federalist | 1803 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1805 on the third ballot. | √ Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 102 William Eustis 99[11] |
| New Hampshire | Simeon Olcott | Federalist | 1801 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 28, 1804. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) 85 Timothy Farrar (Federalist) 70[12] |
| New Jersey | Jonathan Dayton | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Aaron Kitchell (Democratic-Republican) 36 Jonathan Dayton (Federalist)[13] |
| North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic- Republican |
1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804 on the fifth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner would later reject his election and never take the seat. A new election was held the next year, see below. |
√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) Benjamin Smith Thomas Blount Eliminated Stephen Cabarrus Eliminated[14] |
| Rhode Island | Christopher Ellery | Democratic- Republican |
1801 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Fenner (Democratic-Republican) Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of 16"[15] |
| South Carolina | Thomas Sumter | Democratic- Republican |
1801 | Incumbent elected December 6, 1804. | √ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 101 Henry Middleton 21 William Hill 4 Joseph Blyth 2 R. Anderson 1 Pierce Butler 1 Samuel Farrow 1 John Gaillard 1 "Horry" 1 John Ward 1 "Lost" 1[16] |
| Tennessee | William Cocke | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early September 23, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 35 Jenkin Whiteside 1[17] |
| Virginia | William B. Giles | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Resigned) 1804 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected December 7, 1804. | √ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.][18] |
Special elections during the 9th Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1805 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
John Breckinridge | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Resigned August 7, 1805 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected November 8, 1805. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Adair (Democratic-Republican) 45 John Pope 35[19] |
| North Carolina (Class 2) |
Vacant | Montfort Stokes (DR) had been elected in 1804, see above, but rejected the position. New senator elected December 22, 1805. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 122 Thomas Davis (Federalist) 51 Stephen Cabarrus 1 Blank 1[20] | ||
See also
Notes
- ↑ "New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1804. 35. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1804. 10.
- ↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ↑ "New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing The Albany Register (Albany, NY). February 7, 1804.
- ↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018. , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804.
- ↑ "Delaware 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1804. 9.
- ↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ↑ "Delaware 1805 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1805. 41.
- ↑ "Georgia 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1804.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser (Lexington, KY). November 27, 1804.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018. , citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). February 9, 1805.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing Oracle Post (Portsmouth, NH). December 11, 1804.
- ↑ "New Jersey 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 13, 1804.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 9, 2018. , citing Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina State Gazette (Raleigh, NC). December 3, 1804.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018. , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804.
- ↑ "South Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018. , citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ↑ "Virginia 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018. , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 15, 1804.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1805 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018. , citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1805.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1805 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 9, 2018. , citing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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