United States House of Representatives elections, 1794 and 1795
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
All 105[lower-alpha 2] seats to the United States House of Representatives 53 seats were needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Democratic-Republican majority Federalist majority Even split | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 4th Congress were held on various dates in each state between August 25, 1794 (New Hampshire), and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). The election was held during President George Washington's second term. The voters of Tennessee elected their first congressional representative (Andrew Jackson) on October 7, 1796.
In the second election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson, once again defeated the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and slightly increased their majority. These new wins by the Democratic-Republicans can mostly be attributed to the popularity of Jeffersonian ideas of agrarian democracy in the Western territories of the United States.
Election summaries
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).
One new seat was added during the 4th Congress upon the admission of Tennessee on June 1, 1796,[2] Tennessee was not represented in the 1st session which is not included in the totals here.
59 | 47 |
Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
State | Type | ↑ Date |
Total seats |
Democratic- Republican (formerly Anti-Administration) |
Federalist (formerly Pro-Administration) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Connecticut | At-large | September 15, 1794 | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
Delaware | At-large | October 5, 1794 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Georgia | At-large | October 6, 1794 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Maryland | Districts | October 6, 1794 | 8 | 4 | 4 | ||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 3, 1794[lower-alpha 5] | 14 | 4 | 10 | ||
New Hampshire | At-large | August 25, 1794[lower-alpha 6] | 4 | 1 | 3 | ||
New Jersey | At-large | December 30, 1794 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
New York | Districts | December 12, 1794 | 10 | 6 | 4 | ||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 14, 1794 | 13 | 9 | 4 | ||
Rhode Island | At-large | August 26, 1794 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
South Carolina | Districts | October 14, 1794 | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||
Vermont | Districts | December 30, 1794[lower-alpha 7] | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
North Carolina | Districts | February 13, 1795 | 10 | 9 | 1 | ||
Late elections (After the March 4, 1795 beginning of the next Congress) | |||||||
Virginia | Districts | March 16, 1795 | 19 | 17 | 2 | ||
Kentucky | Districts | September 5, 1795 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Total[lower-alpha 4] | 105 | 58 55.2% |
47 44.8% |
Special elections
There were special and late elections to the 3rd and 4th Congresses in 1794 and 1795.
3rd Congress
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southwest Territory at-large | None (district created) | New non-partisan delegate elected on an unknown date by the territorial legislature. Member seated September 3, 1794 as Congress's first non-voting delegate. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. |
√ James White 11 votes William Cocke 7 votes | ||
Maryland 2 | John Francis Mercer | Anti-Administration | 1791 (Special) | Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794. New member elected May 5, 1794.[lower-alpha 8] Anti-Administration hold. |
√ Gabriel Duvall (Anti-Administration) [Data unknown/missing.][4] |
South Carolina 5 | Alexander Gillon | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent died October 6, 1794. New member elected October 13–14, 1794. Pro-Administration gain. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Robert Goodloe Harper (Pro-Administration) William Elliot James Simmons[5] |
Maryland 3 | Uriah Forrest | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent resigned November 8, 1794. New member elected December 8, 1794. Pro-Administration hold. Winner did not take his seat until January 1795 and was not elected to the next term. |
√ Benjamin Edwards (Pro-Administration) 364 votes Thomas Turner 281 votes Richard Hall 24 votes[6] |
New Jersey at-large | Abraham Clark | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent died September 15, 1794. New member elected January 11, 1795.[7] Pro-Administration hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below. Winner seated January 29, 1795. |
√ Aaron Kitchell (Pro-Administration) 97.1% Robert Ogden (Unknown) 2.92%[7] |
South Carolina 2 | John Barnwell | Pro-Administration | 1794 | Incumbent representative-elect declined to serve. New member elected January 19-20, 1795.[8] Anti-Administration gain. Winner seated December 7, 1795. |
√ Wade Hampton (Anti-Administration) 29.3% William Thompson (Unknown) 26.0% John Rutledge Jr. (Pro-Administration) 23.7% William Elliot (Unknown) 20.7% Andrew Hartley (Unknown) 0.3%[8] |
4th Congress
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut at-large | Jonathan Trumbull Jr. | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent Representative-elect declined to serve when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected April 13, 1795.[3] Federalist hold. Winner seated December 7, 1795. |
√ Nathaniel Smith (Federalist) 39.5% James Davenport (Federalist) 19.2% Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 15.8% William Edmond (Federalist) 7.4% John Allen (Federalist) 6.9% David Daggett (Federalist) 6.4% John Treadwell (Federalist) 4.7%[9] |
North Carolina 4 | Alexander Mebane | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent died July 5, 1795. New member elected August 14, 1795.[10] Democratic-Republican hold. Winner seated December 7, 1795. |
√ Absalom Tatom (Democratic-Republican) Ambrose Ramsey (Democratic-Republican) Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) George Roberts William Sheppard[10] |
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a General ticket |
James Hillhouse | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (Federalist) 13.1% √ Uriah Tracy (Federalist) 12.5% √ James Hillhouse (Federalist) 12.4% √ Joshua Coit (Federalist) 10.8% √ Roger Griswold (Federalist) 10.2% √ Zephaniah Swift (Federalist) 9.7% Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 6.7% Nathaniel Smith (Federalist) 5.7% James Davenport (Federalist) 5.1% Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 3.7% William Edmond (Federalist) 3.4% John Allen (Federalist) 2.5% John Treadwell (Federalist) 2.3% David Daggett (Federalist) 2.2% |
Amasa Learned | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
Joshua Coit | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. | ||
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
Jeremiah Wadsworth | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
Zephariah Swift | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. | ||
Uriah Tracy | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
Delaware
Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware at-large | Henry Latimer | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Patten (Democratic-Republican) 51.3% Henry Latimer (Federalist) 48.7% |
Georgia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia at-large 2 seats on a General ticket |
Abraham Baldwin | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 20.6% √ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) 19.3% Thomas P. Carnes (Democratic-Republican) 16.0% Jacob B. Waldburber 15.9% James Sims 13.1% Francis Willis (Democratic-Republican) 10.6% Lachlan MacIntosh 4.0% James Adcock 0.5% |
Thomas P. Carnes | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 "Southern District" |
Christopher Greenup | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Christopher Greenup[lower-alpha 9] (Democratic-Republican) |
Kentucky 2 "Northern District" |
Alexander D. Orr | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Alexander D. Orr[lower-alpha 9] (Democratic-Republican) |
Maryland
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | George Dent | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ George Dent (Federalist) 67.6% Philip Key (Federalist) 32.4% |
Maryland 2 | Vacant | John F. Mercer (Anti-Administration) resigned April 13, 1794. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Gabriel Duvall (Democratic-Republican) 69.5% Richard A. Contee (Federalist) 30.5% | ||
Maryland 3 | Uriah Forrest | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Jeremiah Crabb (Federalist) 100% |
Maryland 4 | Thomas Sprigg | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Sprigg (Democratic-Republican) 61.4% Roger Nelson (Federalist) 38.6% |
Maryland 5 | Samuel Smith | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Maryland 6 | Gabriel Christie | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Gabriel Christie (Democratic-Republican) 70.4% Robert Wright (Federalist) 29.6% |
Maryland 7 | William Hindman | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ William Hindman (Federalist) 63.8% George Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 26.8% William Whitely (Democratic-Republican) 9.3% |
Maryland 8 | William V. Murray | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ William V. Murray (Federalist) 100% |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The 12th-14th districts were in the District of Maine (the modern State of Maine). A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts 1 ("1st western") |
Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist) 53.8% Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% |
Massachusetts 2 ("2nd western") |
William Lyman | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 52.1% William Shepard (Federalist) 47.9% |
Massachusetts 3 ("3rd western") |
None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Samuel Lyman (Federalist) 65.5% Daniel Bigelow (Democratic-Republican) 34.5% | ||
Massachusetts 4 ("4th western") |
Dwight Foster Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Dwight Foster (Federalist) 50.8% Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 46.1% Samuel Blackburn 3.1% |
Massachusetts 5 ("1st southern") |
Peleg Coffin Jr. Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 70.0% Peleg Coffin Jr. (Federalist) 30.0% |
Massachusetts 6 ("2nd southern") |
None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Reed Sr. (Federalist) 74.5% George Partridge 25.5% | ||
Massachusetts 7 ("3rd southern") |
David Cobb Redistricted from the at-large seat |
Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1794): David Cobb (Federalist) 42.3% George Leonard (Federalist) 35.8% Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 21.9% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): David Cobb (Federalist) 39.9% George Leonard (Federalist) 39.9% Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 20.2% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): George Leonard (Federalist) 48.9% David Cobb (Federalist) 17.4% John Smith 13.7% Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 12.5% Scattering 7.6% Fourth ballot (June 1, 1795): √ George Leonard (Federalist) 76.3% Elisha May 16.5% Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 7.2% |
Massachusetts 8 ("1st middle") |
Fisher Ames Redistricted from the 1st district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Fisher Ames (Federalist) 56.6% Charles Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 43.4% |
Massachusetts 9 ("2nd middle") |
Samuel Dexter Redistricted from the 1st district |
Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. A petition by various citizens of Massachusetts contested the election. The Committee on Elections ruled in the winner's favor and added "that the attempt to deprive him of his seat was rather the act of malevolence than a desire to promote the public good." On January 25, 1797, these words were stricken out and expressions of compliment to the member were substituted, and the report was agreed to.[1] |
First ballot (November 3, 1794): Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 40.5% Elbridge Gerry (Democratic-Republican) 30.9% Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 28.6% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 49.4% Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 48.8% Scattering 1.8% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): √ Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 51.4% Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 48.6% |
Massachusetts 10 ("3rd middle") |
Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 1st district |
Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) 68.2% Samuel Holten (Federalist)[lower-alpha 10] 31.8% |
Samuel Holten Redistricted from the 1st district |
Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election in a redistricting contest. Federalist loss. | ||
Massachusetts 11 ("4th middle") |
None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1794): Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 43.5% Bailey Bartlett (Federalist) 19.8% Josiah Smith (Democratic-Republican) 10.5% Stephen Cross 9.1% Theophilus Parsons 7.0% Scattering 10.1% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 38.1% William Pearson 36.6% Bailey Bartlett (Federalist) 25.3% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): √ Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 100% | ||
Massachusetts 12 ("1st eastern, District of Maine") |
Henry Dearborn Redistricted from the 4th district |
Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 64.1% John Bowman 35.9% |
Massachusetts 13 ("2nd eastern, District of Maine") |
Peleg Wadsworth Redistricted from the 4th district |
Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1794): Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 44.1% William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 33.4% Stephen Longfellow 10.0% Samuel Thompson 5.3% Scattering 7.3% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): √ Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 60.3% William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 39.7% |
Massachusetts 14 ("3rd eastern, District of Maine") |
George Thatcher Redistricted from the 4th district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 3, 1794): George Thatcher (Federalist) 45.7% Nathaniel Wells 31.6% Ichabod Godwin 8.8% Joseph Tucker 6.4% Scattering 7.4% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): √ George Thatcher (Federalist) 68.4% Scattering 31.6% |
New Hampshire
Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | ||||
New Hampshire at-large (General ticket) |
Jeremiah Smith | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
First ballot August 25, 1794: √ Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) 20.5% √ John Samuel Sherburne (Democratic-Republican) 17.2% √ Nicholas Gilman (Federalist) 13.0% Abiel Foster (Federalist) 11.1% Paine Wingate (Federalist) 8.1% Others 30.1% Second ballot December 8, 1794: √ Abiel Foster (Federalist) 82.7% Paine Wingate (Federalist) 17.3% |
John Samuel Sherburne | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
Nicholas Gilman | Pro-Administration | 1788/89 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. | ||
Paine Wingate | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
New Jersey
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey at-large (General ticket) |
Elias Boudinot | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Jonathan Dayton (Federalist) 13.6% √ Aaron Kitchell (Federalist) 11.0% √ Thomas Henderson (Federalist) 9.3% √ Isaac Smith (Federalist) 7.9% √ Mark Thomson (Federalist) 7.9% Thomas Sinnickson (Federalist) 7.5% Joseph Bloomfield 6.6% John Beatty (Federalist) 6.4% James Linn 6.3% Ebenezer Elmer 5.8% James Schureman (Federalist) 4.1% Lambert Cadwalader (Federalist) 4.0% Richard Smith 3.0% Charles Stewart 2.3% Jonathan Elmer (Federalist) 2.1% John Harring 1.4% Robert Ogden 0.7% James F. Armstrong 0.2% |
New Jersey at-large (General ticket) |
Vacant | Abraham Clark (Pro-Administration) died September 15, 1794. New member elected. Federalist gain. | |||
New Jersey at-large (General ticket) |
Jonathan Dayton | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. | |
New Jersey at-large (General ticket) |
Lambert Cadwalader | Pro-Administration | 1789 1792 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | |
New Jersey at-large (General ticket) |
John Beatty | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
New York
New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 1 | Vacant | Incumbent moved to the 7th district. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Jonathan Nicoll Havens (Democratic-Republican) 38.6% Whitehead Cornwell (Democratic-Republican) 26.2% Samuel Jones (Federalist) 23.4% John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 11.9% | ||
New York 2 | John Watts | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Edward Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 52.9% John Watts (Federalist) 47.1% |
New York 3 | Philip Van Courtlandt | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Philip Van Courtlandt (Democratic-Republican) 50.5% Richard Morris 49.5% |
New York 4 | Peter Van Gaasbeck | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Hathorn (Democratic-Republican) 70.8% Conrad E. Elmendorf (Federalist) 27.2% William Thompson (Federalist) 1.9% Peter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 0.1% |
New York 5 | Theodorus Bailey | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Theodorus Bailey (Federalist) 57.1% David Brooks (Federalist) 42.9% |
New York 6 | Ezekiel Gilbert | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Ezekiel Gilbert (Federalist) 57.6% John Bay (Democratic-Republican) 21.7% Matthew Adgate (Democratic-Republican) 20.7% |
New York 7 | John E. Van Alen | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ John E. Van Alen (Federalist) 78.8% Thomas Tredwell (Democratic-Republican) 21.2% |
Thomas Tredwell Moved from the 1st district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican loss. | ||
New York 8 | Henry Glen | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Henry Glen (Federalist) 94.0% Abraham Yates (Democratic-Republican) 2.8% John Tayler (Democratic-Republican) 2.6% James Fairlie (Democratic-Republican) 0.6% |
New York 9 | James Gordon | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Williams (Democratic-Republican) 48.4% Ebenezer Russel (Federalist) 40.2% Alexander Webster (Democratic-Republican) 11.4% |
New York 10 | Vacant | Incumbent Silas Talbot (Pro-Administration) resigned earlier to accept an appointment to the Navy Federalist gain. |
√ William Cooper (Federalist) 55.9% John Winn (Democratic-Republican) 31.4% James Cochran (Federalist) 11.8% Jonathan Fitch (Democratic-Republican) 0.9% |
North Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 1 | Joseph McDowell | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Holland (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Joseph McDowell (Democratic-Republican) |
North Carolina 2 | Matthew Locke | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
North Carolina 3 | Joseph Winston | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Joseph Winston (Democratic-Republican) |
North Carolina 4 | Alexander Mebane | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Alexander Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 75.8% Samuel Benton (Federalist) 19.5% Stephen Moore (Federalist) 4.7% |
North Carolina 5 | Nathaniel Macon | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
North Carolina 6 | James Gillespie | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Gillespie (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] William H. Hill (Federalist) |
North Carolina 7 | William B. Grove | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ William B. Grove (Federalist)[lower-alpha 9] |
North Carolina 8 | William J. Dawson | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Dempsey Burges (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] John Baker (Democratic-Republican) Clement Hale (Democratic-Republican) David Stone (Federalist) William J. Dawson (Democratic-Republican) Charles Johnson (Federalist) |
North Carolina 9 | Thomas Blount | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] John Benford (Federalist) Willis Alston (Federalist) |
North Carolina 10 | Benjamin Williams | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nathan Bryan (Democratic-Republican) 61.0% Benjamin Williams (Federalist)[lower-alpha 10] 29.6% David Witherspoon (Federalist) 9.4% |
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the at-large district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Swanwick (Democratic-Republican) 51.2% Thomas Fitzsimons (Federalist) 48.8% |
Pennsylvania 2 | Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Frederick Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 56.3% Samuel Miles (Federalist) 43.7% |
Pennsylvania 3 | None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Richard Thomas (Federalist) 68.2% Thomas Ross (Democratic-Republican) 31.8% | ||
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats |
None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 36.2% √ John Richards (Democratic-Republican) 20.0% James Morris (Democratic-Republican) 20.2% Robert Lollar (Democratic-Republican) 13.1% Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 8.1% James Barclay 2.4% | ||
Peter Muhlenberg Redistricted from the at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 1792 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. James Morris disputed the election. The original returns showed Morris in 2nd place and Richards in a close 3rd place, but Richards disputed it. Morris died July 10, 1795, before the House could act. The Elections Committee ruled in favor of Richards on January 18, 1796. | ||
Pennsylvania 5 | Daniel Hiester Redistricted from at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Daniel Hiester (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Pennsylvania 6 | None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 46.0% John A. Hanna (Democratic-Republican) 43.3% John Carson (Federalist) 10.7% | ||
Pennsylvania 7 | John W. Kittera Redistricted from at-large district |
Pro-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ John W. Kittera (Federalist) Unopposed |
Pennsylvania 8 | Thomas Hartley Redistricted from at-large district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Thomas Hartley (Federalist) Unopposed |
Pennsylvania 9 | Andrew Gregg Redistricted from at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] James Wallace (Federalist) William Irvine (Democratic-Republican) |
William Irvine Redistricted from the at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
Pennsylvania 10 | None (district created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 52.9% James McLane (Democratic-Republican) 31.9% James Chambers (Federalist) 15.2% | ||
Pennsylvania 11 | William Findley Redistricted from at-large district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Findley (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Pennsylvania 12 | Thomas Scott Redistricted from at-large district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 1792 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Albert Gallatin (Democratic-Republican) 33.1% Thomas Scott (Federalist) 27.7% Daniel Hamilton (Democratic-Republican) 16.2% Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 11.0% Hugh H. Brackenridge (DR?) 6.0% John Woods (Federalist) 5.9% |
Rhode Island
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhode Island at-large Seat A | Benjamin Bourne | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Benjamin Bourne (Federalist) 62.3% Peleg Arnold (Democratic-Republican) 37.7% |
Rhode Island at-large Seat B | Francis Malbone | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Francis Malbone (Federalist) 61.9% Joseph Stanton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 38.1% |
South Carolina
Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | William L. Smith | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ William L. Smith (Federalist) 51.7% John Rutledge, Jr. (Federalist) 37.3% Thomas Tucker 11.0% |
South Carolina 2 | New seat | New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Winner declined to serve and a special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican). |
√ Robert Barnwell[lower-alpha 9] | ||
South Carolina 3 | Lemuel Benton | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
South Carolina 4 | Richard Winn | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
South Carolina 5 | Alexander Gillon | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent died October 6, 1794. New member elected. Federalist gain. Winner of general election was also elected to finish Gillon's term, see above. |
√ Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist) 58.3% John Hunter (Democratic-Republican) 41.7% |
John Hunter (Moved from the 2nd district) | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. Anti-Administration loss. | ||
South Carolina 6 | Andrew Pickens | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Earle (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Representative-elect Barnwell of the 2nd district declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican).
Tennessee
Tennessee elected its first representative in 1796 for this Congress.
Vermont
Vermont law required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[lower-alpha 11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vermont 1 "Western District" |
Israel Smith | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. The election was contested but eventually upheld.[1] |
First ballot (December 30, 1794): Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 41.7% Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 32.9% Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 9.9% Gideon Olin (Democratic-Republican) 8.7% Others 6.8% Second ballot (February 10, 1795): √ Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 48.5% Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 48.0% Others 3.5% |
Vermont 2 "Eastern District" |
Nathaniel Niles | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (December 30, 1794): Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 31.6% Daniel Buck (Federalist) 21.2% Jonathan Hunt 11.0% Stephen Jacob 10.9% Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 8.3% Cornelius Lynde 4.7% Paul Brigham 3.3% Lot Hall 2.7% Elijah Robinson 1.3% Others 4.8% Second ballot (February 10, 1795): √ Daniel Buck (Federalist) 55.6% Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 39.1% Jonathan Hunt 2.3% Stephen Jacob 1.8% 1.2% |
Virginia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 1 | Robert Rutherford | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Robert Rutherford (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Daniel Morgan (Federalist) |
Virginia 2 | Andrew Moore | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 3 | Joseph Neville | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ George Jackson (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Joseph Neville (Democratic-Republican) Thomas Wilson John Skidmore |
Virginia 4 | Francis Preston | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Francis Preston (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Arthur Campbell |
Virginia 5 | George Hancock | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ George Hancock (Federalist)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 6 | Isaac Coles | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Isaac Coles (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Simon Crae MacMahon Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 7 | Abraham B. Venable | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican) 61.0% Thomas Woodson 19.8% Joseph Wyatt 18.9% Peter Johnson 0.2% William Wilson 0.1% |
Virginia 8 | Thomas Claiborne | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Claiborne (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Jesse Brown Samuel Hopkins Samuel Goode (Democratic-Republican) Sterling Edmunds |
Virginia 9 | William B. Giles | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 10 | Carter B. Harrison | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Carter B. Harrison (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 11 | Josiah Parker | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Josiah Parker (Federalist)[lower-alpha 9] Robert Cowper |
Virginia 12 | John Page | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Page (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 13 | Samuel Griffin | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. The loser unsuccessfully contested the election[1] |
√ John Clopton (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) Miles Selden Meriwether Jones |
Virginia 14 | Francis Walker | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 15 | James Madison Jr. | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Madison Jr. (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 16 | Anthony New | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Anthony New (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 17 | Richard Bland Lee | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Richard Brent (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] Richard Bland Lee (P) |
Virginia 18 | John Nicholas | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Nicholas (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Virginia 19 | John Heath | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Heath (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 9] |
Non-voting delegates
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southwest Territory at-large | James White | Non-partisan | 1794 (New seat) | Non-partisan delegate re-elected on an unknown date by the territorial legislature. | √ James White Unopposed |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Excluding states admitted during the 4th Congress
- ↑ 1 more seat was added by the admission of Tennessee after the start of this Congress
- ↑ Elected Speaker of the House, despite being from the smaller party.
- 1 2 Including late elections
- ↑ Majority required for election, 3 additional ballots were required in 5 districts held January 17, March 23, and June 1, 1795
- ↑ Majority required for election, a run-off was required for the 4th seat held on December 8, 1794
- ↑ Majority required for election, an additional ballot was required in both districts held on February 10, 1795
- ↑ Date of election.[3]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- 1 2 Changed parties
- ↑ Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Fourth Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
- ↑ 1 Stat. 492
- 1 2 Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results. McFarland and Company.
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress2.special.1794
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.uscongress.district2.1794
- ↑ https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress3.special.1794
- 1 2 http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=724594
- 1 2 http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/view-election.xq?id=sc.uscongress.specialelection.1795
- ↑ A new Nation Votes Archived December 11, 2012, at Archive.is
- 1 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.uscongress4.special.1795
- ↑ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)