Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
Part of the larger War in Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism
Clockwise from top-left: British Royal Marines take part in the clearance of Nad-e Ali District of Helmand Province; two F/A-18 strike fighters conduct combat missions over Afghanistan; an anti-Taliban fighter during an operation to secure a compound in Helmand Province; a French chasseur alpin patrols a valley in Kapisa Province; U.S. Marines prepare to board buses shortly after arriving in southern Afghanistan; Taliban fighters in a cave hideout; U.S. soldiers prepare to fire a mortar during a mission in Paktika Province, U.S. troops disembark from a helicopter, a MEDCAP centre in Khost Province. (For a map of the current military situation in Afghanistan, see here.)
Date 7 October 2001 – present (17 years, 1 week and 4 days) Location Afghanistan Status Invasion and occupation of Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps Fall of the Taliban government Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under the Karzai administration Start of Taliban insurgency Drone strikes in the tribal areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan Death of Osama bin Laden Death of Mohammed Omar in July 2013 Over two-thirds of Al-Qaeda's operatives killed or captured[1] International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) disbanded in December 2014 Commencement of Resolute Support Mission in December 2014
Belligerents
Invasion (2001): Northern Alliance  United States  United Kingdom Canada  Australia  Germany[2]	Invasion (2001): Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan al-Qaeda 055 Brigade[3][4] IMU[5] TNSM[6] ETIM[7]
ISAF phase (2001–14): Islamic Republic of Afghanistan[8] ISAF  United States  United Kingdom Canada  Australia  Italy  Germany  Georgia  Jordan  Turkey  Bulgaria  Poland  Romania  Spain  Czech Republic Continued list[a]  Macedonia  Denmark  Armenia  Azerbaijan  Finland  France  Croatia  Hungary  Norway  Lithuania  Mongolia  United Arab Emirates  Belgium  Portugal  Slovakia  Netherlands  Montenegro  Latvia  Sweden  Albania  Ukraine  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Greece  Ireland  Iceland  Estonia  Malaysia  Slovenia  Austria  Bahrain  El Salvador  Luxembourg  New Zealand  South Korea  Tonga  Pakistan[9]  Singapore (2008–13)   Switzerland (2004–08) RS phase (from 2015): Resolute Support[10]  United States  Italy  Germany  Georgia  Turkey  Romania  United Kingdom  Australia  Czech Republic  Poland Continued list[b]  Armenia  Mongolia  Netherlands  Denmark  Croatia  Azerbaijan  Bulgaria  Hungary  Albania  Belgium  Bosnia-Herzegovina  Norway  Macedonia  Slovakia  Finland  Sweden  Latvia  Lithuania  Montenegro  Austria  New Zealand  Portugal  Ukraine  Spain  Slovenia  Estonia  Greece  Iceland  Luxembourg Support:  India[11]	ISAF/RS Phase (from 2001): Taliban Islamic Jihad Union[12] Haqqani network[13] (from 2002) al-Qaeda Allied groups: HIG (until 2016) IJU[14] (from 2002) IMU (until 2015) ETIM Taliban splinter groups Fidai Mahaz (from 2013) IEHCA loyal to Muhammad Rasul (from 2015)[15][16] ISIL-KP (from 2015) IMU[17] Allied groups: LeJ[18] Pakistani Taliban[19] LeI
Commanders and leaders
Hamid Karzai Ashraf Ghani Donald Trump Theresa May Scott Morrison Giuseppe Conte Angela Merkel John F. Campbell List of former ISAF Commanders Former Gerhard Schröder Silvio Berlusconi Romano Prodi Mario Monti Enrico Letta Matteo Renzi Paolo Gentiloni Tony Blair Gordon Brown David Cameron George W. Bush Barack Obama Jean Chrétien Paul Martin Stephen Harper John Howard Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard Tony Abbott Malcolm Turnbull	Mohammed Omar † Akhtar Mansoor † Abdul Ghani Baradar (POW)[20] Hibatullah Akhundzada[13] Jalaluddin Haqqani Obaidullah Akhund †[20] Dadullah Akhund †[20] Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Osama bin Laden † Ayman al-Zawahiri Muhammad Rasul  (POW)[16] Haji Najibullah[21]
Strength
Afghan National Security Forces: 352,000[22] ISAF: 18,000+[23] Military Contractors: 20,000+[23]	Taliban: 60,000 (tentative estimate)[24] Haqqani network: 4,000–15,000[25][26][27] HIG: 1,500 – 2,000+[28] al-Qaeda: 50–100[29][30] (~ 3,000 in 2001)[31] IEHCA: 3,000–3,500[16] Fidai Mahaz: 8,000[21]
Casualties and losses
Afghan security forces: 45,735 killed[32][33] Northern Alliance: 200 killed[34][35][36][37][38] Coalition Dead: 3,546 (United States: 2,412, United Kingdom: 456,[39] Canada: 158, France: 89, Germany: 57, Italy: 53, Others: 321) Wounded: 22,773 (United States: 19,950, United Kingdom: 2,188, Canada: 635)[40][41][42] Contractors Dead: 2,000[43][44] Wounded: 15,000+[43][44] Total killed: 51,481	Total killed: 72,000+[24][45][46]
Civilians killed: 31,000 (2001–2016)[47]
a The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.[48] b The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.[49]

The following items form a partial timeline of the War in Afghanistan. For events prior to October 7, 2001, see 2001 in Afghanistan

2001

• October 7: (9 p.m. local time): the United States, supported by Britain, begins its attack on Afghanistan, launching bombs and cruise missiles against Taliban military and communications facilities and suspected terrorist training camps. Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat were hit.
• October 9: A cruise missile kills four U.N. demining employees and injured four others in a building several miles east of Kabul.

October 19: Airborne invasion into Afghanistan by Rangers of the Third Ranger Battalion Seventy Fifth Ranger Regiment and others seizing a Qandahar airfield named Objective Rhino.

• October 26: Abdul Haq killed.
• November 6: Zari, Keshendeh and Aq-Kupruk fall to the Northern Alliance^[50]
• November 8: Pakistan, being the only nation that still had diplomatic ties to the Taliban, asked Afghanistan's rulers to close their consulate in the city of Karachi.
• November 9: Battle of Mazari Sharif.
• November 10: The Taliban and Northern Alliance fighters both claimed that the strategic northern Afghan city of Mazari Sharif was taken by Northern Alliance fighters.
• November 11: Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton, and Volker Handloik are ambushed and killed.
• November 12: Taliban forces abandon Kabul ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops.
  • 2001 uprising in Herat.
• November 14: Northern Alliance fighters took over Kabul, the Afghan capital, and then controlled virtually all the north of Afghanistan.
• November 16: Mohammed Atef, the military chief of al-Qaeda, killed in a US airstrike.
• November 19: Four foreign journalists - Harry Burton, Maria Grazia Cutuli, Azizullah Haidari, and Julio Fuentes – were ambushed and killed.
• November 25: Northern Alliance gained control of Kunduz, the last Taliban stronghold in Northern Afghanistan, but only after Pakistani aircraft rescue several thousand Taliban and Al-Qaeda fighters and their military advisers.^[51][52] The Taliban then controlled less than 25% of the country, mainly around Kandahar in the south.
  • U.S. Marines landed in force by helicopter at Camp Rhino south of Kandahar and began preparing it for fixed wing aircraft. They also occupied the main road between Kandahar and Pakistan.
  • Battle of Qala-i-Jangi. Forces loyal to bin Laden smuggled weapons into their prison near Mazar i Sharif after surrendering at Kunduz. They attacked the Northern Alliance guards and storm an armory. U.S. Special Forces call in air attacks. Hundreds of prisoners are killed as well as 40 Alliance fighters and one U.S. CIA operative, Johnny Michael Spann. Spann becomes the first U.S. and Coalition combat casualty. A young American named John Walker Lindh is found in the midst of the rebellion and extradited to the US on terrorism charges.
• December 6: Kandahar falls.
• December: The Battle of Tora Bora against Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters; Osama bin Laden reportedly escapes during this battle.
• December: The Dasht-i-Leili massacre, where hundreds of Taliban were allegedly suffocated to death while being transported in metal containers.
• December: The Bonn Agreement establishes the postwar system of government for Afghanistan, and establishes the International Security Assistance Force.
• December 21: The interim Afghan government is sworn in.

2002

• January 4: First US soldier dies due to hostile fire.
• January 24, the Hazar Qadam raid sees Americans accidentally attack an allied compound collecting weapons for their Karzai government
• February 14: Abdul Rahman, Afghan Aviation and Tourism Minister, killed by angry Hajj pilgrims.
• March 1: Operation Anaconda against al-Qaeda fighters launched.
• April 17: The 87-year-old exiled king of Afghanistan, Mohammed Zahir Shah, returns.
• April 18: Tarnak Farm incident leaves four Canadians dead from friendly fire.
• June 11: King Zahir Shah opens the first post-Taliban loya jirga.^[53]
• July 1: In Uruzgan province, a US AC-130 gunship struck a wedding party, killing 48 civilians and injuring 117. The United States claimed their plane had come under attack from anti-aircraft fire before the strike.
• July 6: Vice President Abdul Qadir assassinated in Kabul.
• September 5: 2002 Kabul bombing kills 30 people.

2003

• August 11 – NATO officially takes command of peacekeeping in Afghanistan.
• December 14 – 2003 loya jirga convened to consider the proposed Afghan Constitution.

2004

• January 4 – Constitution approved by Loya Jirga.
• January 26 – Constitution signed by President Hamid Karzai.
• October 9 – Afghan presidential election, 2004. In the country’s first direct election, Hamid Karzai wins the presidency with 55.4% of the vote.

2005

• June 28: Operation Red Wings results in the death of 19 Americans and many Taliban fighters.
• September 18: Afghan parliamentary election, 2005.

2006

• January 13: Damadola airstrike by US in Pakistan.
• February 1: The Afghanistan Compact is developed, establishing a framework of international cooperation with Afghanistan.
• March 29: Battle of Lashkagar. Taliban fighters attack a NATO base.
• May 15: Operation Mountain Thrust is launched, the largest offensive since the fall of the Taliban.
• July: Battle of Panjwaii between Canadian NATO forces and the Taliban.
• September 2: Canadians launch Operation Medusa.
• September 16: Operation Mountain Fury.

2007

• February 27: 2007 Bagram Air Base bombing during US Vice President Dick Cheney’s visit.
• March 4: Afghan civilians killed by U.S. troops in Shinwar.
• March 6: Operation Achilles against the Taliban in Helmand Province.
• May 12: Mullah Dadullah killed.
• May 13: Afghanistan–Pakistan Skirmishes.
• June 15: Battle of Chora begins.
• June 28: The Hyderabad airstrike kills a large number of civilians including women and children.
• July 19: 2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan begins.
• August 16: Nangar Khel massacre - Eight civilians including a pregnant women and a baby died when Polish soldiers shelled the village of Nangar Khel. Seven soldiers have been charged with war crimes.
• November 6: 2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing kills 75, including six Afghan MPs.
• December 7: Battle of Musa Qala, a major clash in Helmand Province.

2008

• January 14: The 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack leaves six people dead.
• February 17: 2008 Kandahar bombing kills 100 people, the deadliest suicide bombing of the war.
• June 10: Gora Prai airstrike in Pakistan kills 11 Pakistani paramilitary troops.
• June 13: Sarposa Prison attack. Taliban attack the Sarposa Prison, freeing up to 1,000 prisoners.
• July 6: Deh Bala wedding party bombing. 47 civilians mostly women and children killed in Nangarhar province.
• July 7: The 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul kills 58, including four Indians. India blames Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence for the attack.
• July 13: Battle of Wanat. Taliban fighters attack a NATO base, killing nine American soldiers.
• August 19: The Taliban kill 10 French soldiers in the Uzbin valley ambush.
• August 22: Azizabad airstrike kills up to 90 Afghan civilians.
• August 27: Operation Eagle's Summit begins in Helmand Province.
• September: United States-Pakistan skirmishes.
• September 3: Angoor Ada raid by US special forces into Pakistan.
• November 3: Wech Baghtu wedding party attack kills 37 civilians mostly women and children.
• December 19: US vows to send 3,000 more troops to Afghanistan.

2009

• February 11: February 2009 Kabul raids
• May 4: The Granai airstrike resulted in one of the highest civilian death tolls from Western military action since foreign forces invaded Afghanistan in 2001.
• July 2: Operation Khanjar begins
• September 4: NATO planes attacks two fuel tankers, which had been hijacked by Taliban insurgents. Up to 142 people died in the attack, including over 100 Afghan civilian victims.^[54]
• December 1: U.S. President Barack Obama announces Afghanistan War troop surge of 2009.
• December 17: Operation Septentrion, assault by 1100 soldiers (mostly French) in the Uzbin Valley.^{[55][56][57][58]}
• December 29: 10 Afghan civilians mostly school children killed by special operation forces in the botched Narang night raid.

2010

• February 12: Five innocent civilians including two pregnant women and a teenage girl killed in the botched Khataba raid.
• February 21: Uruzgan helicopter attack kills 27-33 civilians including four women and a child in Uruzgan province.
• Spring: Operation Moshtarak Phase I is led by US Marines to retake Marjah, in Helmand Province, from the Taliban.
• Spring-Summer: U.S. Surge to Afghanistan sees its peak, as 20,000 soldiers are deployed to the south
• June 23: General Stanley A. McChrystal, commander of the ISAF, resigns after controversial comments critical of the Obama administration were published in a magazine.
• July 23: The Sangin airstrike kills a large number of Afghan civilians mostly women and children in Nangarhar province.
• July 25: WikiLeaks releases 90,000 leaked documents pertaining to the war in Afghanistan.
• September 18: Afghan Parliamentary Elections are held, widely criticized as fraudulent, although with notable instances of electoral institution impartiality.
• Fall: Operation Moshtarak Phases II and III are held in Kandahar, driving the Taliban out of traditional safe-havens
• Fall: Command of Regional Command South rotates from British to American command.

2011

• January 26: The Afghan National Assembly is inaugurated.^[59]
• May 1: The number one Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is killed by U.S. Navy SEALs in Abbottabad, Pakistan, just miles from Islamabad.
• May 23: 4 U.S. soldiers (2nd Battalion 27th Infantry Regiment) die and 1 wounded following an improvised explosive device attack in Kunar province.
• June 4–6: The Battle Of Gewi Ridge takes place where a platoon of U.S. soldiers air-assaulted the mountain ridge of Gewi (Kunar province) for over-watch of a major re-supply convoy. Following the insertion, an intensive firefight lasting 52 hours takes place, resulting in the deaths of 50+ Taliban insurgents.
• August 6: A CH-47 Chinook helicopter transporting 30 U.S. soldiers (including 17 Navy SEALs), 1 civilian interpreter and 7 Afghan troops is shot down in Wardak Province by RPG-wielding Taliban insurgents. There were no survivors of the crash. This incident marks the deadliest day for U.S. Forces in Afghanistan since the invasion in 2001.
• August 11: Vengeance is exacted on the 11 Taliban militants involved in downing the CH-47 Chinook, who are killed in an F-16 airstrike. Meanwhile, five ISAF service members die following an improvised explosive device attack in the southern provinces.
• December 9: Mohammed Ishmael, Ghaziabad district (Kunar province) police chief is killed in a suicide bombing of a mosque carried out by a 12-year-old Pakistani boy.

2012

2013

The army of the United States continues to conduct missions throughout Afghanistan, began closing forward operating bases (FOB).

See also

• 2006: Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006
• 2007: Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2007
• 2008: Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008

References