Taiwan general election, 2016

Taiwan presidential election, 2016
16 January 2016 (2016-01-16)
Turnout 66.27%

 
Nominee Tsai Ing-wen Eric Chu James Soong
Party Democratic Progressive Kuomintang People First
Alliance Pan-Green Coalition Pan-Blue Coalition None
Running mate Chen Chien-jen
(Independent)		 Wang Ju-hsuan
(Independent)		 Hsu Hsin-ying
(Minkuotang)
Popular vote 6,894,744 3,813,365 1,576,861
Percentage 56.1% 31.0% 12.8%
Leaders in third-level divisions:
  Tsai-Chen Ticket
  Chu-Wang Ticket
  Soong-Hsu Ticket
President before election

Ma Ying-jeou
Kuomintang

 Elected President

Tsai Ing-wen
Democratic Progressive

Taiwan legislative election, 2016
16 January 2016
All 113 seats to the Legislative Yuan
57 seats needed for a majority

  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Tsai Ing-wen Eric Chu Huang Kuo-chang
Party Democratic Progressive Kuomintang New Power
Alliance Pan-Green Pan-Blue Pan-green coalition/Third Force
Leader since 28 May 2014 19 January 2015 13 September 2015
Last election 40
District: 44.45%
Party-list PR: 34.62%		 64
District: 48.12%
PR: 44.55%		 New party
District: N/A
Party-list PR: N/A
Seats before 40 64 N/A
Seats won 68 35 5
Seat change Increase 28 Decrease 29 Increase 5
Percentage District: 45.08%
Party-list PR: 44.04%		 District: 38.71%
Party-list PR: 26.90%		 District: 2.94%
Party-list PR: 6.10%
  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Leader James Soong Lin Pin-kuan
Party People First Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
Alliance None People First
Leader since 31 March 2000 15 June 2007
Last election 3
District: 1.12%
Party-list PR: 5.49%		 2
District: 1.08%
Party-list PR: N/A
Seats before 3 1
Seats won 3 1
Seat change Steady 0 Decrease1
Percentage District: 1.26%
Party-list PR: 6.52%		 District: N/A
Party-list PR: 0.64%
Results[1]
President of the
Legislative Yuan before election

Wang Jin-pyng
Kuomintang

 Elected President of the
Legislative Yuan

Su Jia-chyuan
Democratic Progressive

General elections were held in Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, on Saturday, 16 January 2016 to elect the 14th President and Vice President of the Republic of China, and all 113 members of the ninth Legislative Yuan.[2]

Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was elected President, defeating her rival Eric Chu of the Kuomintang (KMT) with 56% of the vote, the second-largest vote share claimed by a presidential candidate since Ma Ying-jeou in 2008, and the largest winning margin (25.08%) since the first direct presidential election in 1996.

The Democratic Progressive Party, led by Tsai, also secured a majority in the Legislative Yuan, resulting in the first majority by a non-KMT party and the first majority won by the DPP.

The Central Election Commission reported that turnout for the presidential election was 66.27% of voters, the lowest turnout since the office was first directly elected in 1996.[3]

Electoral system

Presidential candidates and vice-presidential running mates are elected on the same ticket, using first-past-the-post. Due to constitutional two-term limits, incumbent president Ma Ying-jeou was ineligible to seek re-election. This was the sixth direct election of the president and vice president by the citizens of Taiwan, which was previously indirectly elected by the National Assembly prior to 1996.

The 113 members of the Legislative Yuan are elected by a supplementary member system, with 73 from geographical constituencies (General) via first-past-the-post, 6 from two 3-member aboriginal constituencies via single non-transferable vote, and 34 from closed list proportional representation (PR) via a national party vote.

All three presidential candidates announced their running mates in November 2015, and for the first time in Taiwanese electoral history, none of the vice presidential candidates shared the same party affiliation as their corresponding presidential candidates.[4] A record-breaking 556 candidates ran for legislative seats.[5][6]

Presidential candidates

Party primaries

According to Article 22 of the President and Vice President Election and Recall Act, any political party that garnered 5% of the national vote in the preceding presidential or legislative election may directly nominate presidential and vice presidential candidates. Parties fulfilling the criteria in the election included the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Kuomintang (KMT), People First Party (PFP) and Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU).[7]

Democratic Progressive Party

According to internal party protocols, presidential primaries are conducted via nationwide opinion polling.[8] Registration was held between 2 and 16 February 2015. Tsai Ing-wen, party chair and former vice-premier, was the only candidate that registered, and thus nationwide opinion polling that were planned to be conducted between 16 and 18 March 2015 were suspended. Tsai was duly nominated by the DPP on 15 April 2015.[9] On 16 November 2015, Tsai Ing-wen announced former health minister Chen Chien-jen as her running mate, who consequently resigned from his post as deputy director of Academia Sinica.

Kuomintang

According to internal party protocols, presidential primaries are conducted via a combination of party member vote with 30% weighting, and nationwide opinion polling with 70% weighting.[10] Registration and petitions were conducted between 20 April to 18 May 2015. Two candidates, including Hung Hsiu-chu, deputy speaker of the Legislative Yuan;[11][12][13] and Yang Chih-liang, former health minister, registered.[14][15] Hung garnered 35,210 signatories in her petition, crossing the eligibility threshold of 15,000 signatories; while Yang garnered only 5,234 signatories, nullifying his candidacy.[16] The party member vote was suspended because Hung was the only eligible candidate. Nationwide opinion polling were conducted from 12 to 13 June 2015; with equal weighting between approval rating and general election polling. Hung garnered an average of 46.204% in the nationwide polling, crossing the eligibility threshold of 30%, and was nominated on 19 July 2015.[17][18]

However, her nomination was revoked by party chair Eric Chu during an extraordinary party convention on 17 October 2015.[19] Chu subsequently replaced Hung as the presidential candidate of the KMT, and announced former labor minister Wang Ju-hsuan as his running mate. Some have alleged that this process was undemocratic.

People First Party

James Soong, party chair of the PFP, announced his presidential bid on 6 August 2015.[20] He announced Minkuotang (MKT) chair and legislator Hsu Hsin-ying as his running mate in November 2015.[21] The PFP–MKT coalition became the first pair of candidates to register for the election on 23 November 2015.[22]

Taiwan Solidarity Union

Although the Taiwan Solidarity Union was eligible to nominate a presidential candidate, party chair Huang Kun-huei publicly announced on 29 June 2015 that the TSU would not do so, in favor of supporting Tsai Ing-wen's presidential bid.[23][24]

Presidential candidate petition

According to article 22 of the President and Vice President Election and Recall Act, presidential and vice presidential candidates not nominated by an eligible political party, may qualify via a petition signed by at least 1.5% of the number of eligible voters during the preceding legislative election: a threshold of 269,709 eligible voters.[7]

  • Nori Shih, former legislator and chair of the Democratic Progressive Party, declared his candidature on 21 May 2015.[25] However, due to the failure to collect sufficient signatories on his petition, he withdrew his candidacy on 16 September 2015.[26]
  • Hsu Jung-shu, chair of the People United Party, and former legislator of the Democratic Progressive Party, declared her candidature on 7 July 2015, and received support from the Taiwan Progressive Party, National Health Service Alliance, and Zhongshan Party.[27] However, despite initially registering at the central election commission, Hsu and her running mate, Hsia Han-ren did not submit their petition, thus nullifying their candidacy.[28]
  • Chang Dong-shan, chair of the Grand Union of National Happiness, and running mate, Lin Li-rong, chair of the Positive Party, initially registered at the central election commission, but collected only 72 signatures thus nullifying their candidacy.[28]
  • Independent candidates Lan Hsin-kei and Chu Hsu-fang, also registered at the central election commission, but did not submit their petition.[28]
  • Music professor Lin You-hsiang and running mate, Hung Mei-chen were endorsed by the Union of Taiwanese Party Chairs, and initially registered at the central election commission, but also failed to submit their petition.[28]

Legislative candidates

The two major parties, the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party, used different strategies when nominating candidates for the Legislative Yuan elections. The Kuomintang nominated a candidate in all but one of the constituency seats.[29] The sole exception was Taipei 2, where they instead supported the New Party candidate. The DPP, on the other hand, developed a cooperation strategy with several minor parties. The DPP agreed to support candidates from these parties in exchange for agreements not to stand in tight races where they might sap DPP votes. These included the New Power Party, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, and the Green-Social Democratic Coalition, as well as several independents.[30][31] This strategy did not work in Hsinchu, where the NPP and DPP backed separate candidates.[32] A total of 43 female candidates won election to the Legislative Yuan, the most ever to take office.[33]

2016 Taiwan legislative election candidates
Party General electorates Aboriginal electorates Party list Total
Kuomintang 72 5 33 110
Democratic Progressive Party 60 2 34 96
Taiwan Solidarity Union 2 － 15 17
People First Party 6 1 16 23
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union － 1 7 8
Minkuotang 13 1 10 24
New Power Party 12 － 6 18
Green-Social Democratic Coalition[34] 11 － 6 17
Chinese Unionist Party[35] 14 － 10 24
Constitutional Conventions of Taiwan 12 － 6 18
MCFAP 11 1 5 17
Free Taiwan Party[36] 11 － 6 17
Faith And Hope League 8 2 6 16
Trees Party 11 － 2 13
National Health Service Alliance 9 1 3 13
Peace Pigeon Union Party 10 3 13
New Party 2 － 10 12
Taiwan Independence Party 9 1 1 11
Taiwan Labor Party 5 － － 5
People's Democratic Front 2 － － 2
Social Welfare Party 2 － － 2
Pan-Pacific E.P. Union Party 2 － － 2
The Motorists' Party of ROC 1 － － 1
Taiwan Win Party 1 － － 1
Labor Party 1 － － 1
Zheng Party 1 － － 1
Taiwan First Nations Party 1 － － 1
China Production Party 1 － － 1
Independents 66 6 － 72
Total 354 23 179 556

Opinion polls

Presidential election

Nationwide polling for the Taiwan presidential election of 2016.
Nationwide
Polling organisation Date(s)
administered		 Eric Chu
KMT		 Tsai Ing-wen
DPP		 James Soong
PFP		 Undecided
Decision Making Research24 Aug 2015 25.5%41.2%15.0%18.3%
Kuomintang14 Sep 2015 33%43%13%11%
Apple Daily6 Oct 2015 29.28%40.92%15.07%14.73%
Television Broadcasts Satellite7 Oct 2015 29%48%10%13%
Decision Making Research7 Oct 2015 19.0%42.1%14.1%24.8%
Taiwan Indicators Survey Research13 Oct 2015 21.0%44.6%12.0%22.4%
Apple Daily16 Oct 2015 26.23%45.47%12.63%15.67%
Fades Survey Research16 Oct 2015 17.17%40.18%22.39%17.72%
Liberty Times17 Oct 2015 18.91%47.04%7.86%26.19%
Decision Making Research17 Oct 2015 21.9%45.2%13.8%19.1%
Trend Survey Research17 Oct 2015 20.7%41.6%10.1%27.6%
TVBS19 Oct 2015 29%46%10%15%
China Times22 Oct 2015 21.8%38.9%8.8%30.5%
People First Party24 Oct 2015 17%40%23%20%
Taiwan Indicators Survey Research12 Nov 2015 20.4%46.2%10.4%13%
Shih Hsin University Research27 Nov 2015 18.4%44.5%6.8%30.3%
SET News6 Dec 2015 15.7%44.9%13.7%25.7%
TVBS13 Dec 2015 22%45%10%23%
New Taipei City
Television Broadcasts Satellite15 Oct 2015 31%47%14%7%
New Taipei City 6th Constituency
Next Television21 Oct 2015 20.9%49.8%8.1%21.2%
Hsinchu City
Focus Survey Research20 Oct 2015 21.0%46.7%12.9%19.4%
Taichung City
Kuomintang15 Oct 2015 12.8%41.4%8.4%37.4%

Legislative election

Nationwide polling for the Taiwan legislator-at-large election (party vote) of 2016.

Single and multi member districts

Source Date
KMT
DPP
TSU
PFP
MKT
NPP		 Green–SD
NP
FTP
IND
Other
Undecided		 Lead
Trend 9 February 2015 18.5% 31.2% – – – – – – – 14.5% 1.4% 34.4% 12.7%
Trend 19 May 2015 19.1% 25.2% 2.6% 3.8% 0.4% 3.3% 2.1%, SD:0.3% 0.9% – 13.4% 3.6% 25.2% 6.1%
Trend1 12 July 2015 15.5% 30.7% 1.2% 3.4% – – – 0.7% – 14.0% – 29.6% 15.2%
Trend2 16 July 2015 20.3% 27.8% 0.6% 4.3% – – – 0.8% – 12.9% 1.2% 26.9% 7.5%
Trend3 6 August 2015 19.9% 25.9% 0.9% 4.9% – – – 1.2% – 2.2% – 36.7% 6.0%
Taiwan index 12 September 2015 21.4% 30.9% 0.1% 2.5% – 0.7% 0.4% 0.0% – – 1.5% 42.3% 9.5%
Apple Daily 14 September 2015 30.29% 38.17% 2.11% 8.12% 1.33% 4.53% – – – – 15.45% 7.88%
Trend 14 September 2015 15.9% 31.2% 0.4% 2.1% 0.8% 5.9% 1.4% – 0.5% 11.4% 2.5% 27.9% 15.3%
Trend 17 September 2015 18.3% 29.9% 1.2% 2.4% 0.5% 5.9% 1.5% 0.1% 0.3% 3.7% 1.1% 35.2% 11.6%
Trend 24 September 2015 18.3% 32.6% 1.6% 5.2% 0.5% 5.6% 2.0% 0.6% – 0.4% 2.7% 30.5% 14.3%
Daily 16 October 2015 31.28% 38.11% 1.93% 4.75% 1.33% 5.94% 1.04% 1.49% – – – 13.68% 6.83%
TVBS 19 October 2015 30% 30% – 1% – 1% – – – 2% 1% 35% Tied
Trend 24 October 2015 19.0% 35.0% 1.0% 2.4% 0.8% 4.0% 0.9% 0.1% 0.1% 2.0% 0.3% 34.4% 16.0%
Notice： Third party (politics)：14.5%, 25.2%, 38.1%.

Proportional representation

Opinion Poll
Source Date
KMT
DPP
TSU
PFP
MKT
NPP		 Green–Social Democrats coalition
NP*
FTP
Other
Undecided		 Lead
Trend 14 March 2015 19.9% 25.7% 4.0% 7.0% – – – – – – 43.4% 5.8%
Trend 19 May 2015 26.7% 33.4% 4.4% 6.6% 0.4% 3.6% GP: 3.3%, SD: 0.9% 1.5% – 4.6% 14.6% 6.7%
TVBS1 1 June 2015 24% 29% 3% 4% 0.8% 0.4% GP: 1%, SD: 0.1% 0.8% – 2% 34% 5.0%
New Realm 9 July 2015 18.67% 31.67% 1.61% 5.14% – 3.86% GP: 0.80%, SD: 0.32% 1.29% – 1.08% 35.08% 13.00%
Trend2 12 July 2015 20.5% 38.2% 3.7% 8.3% – – – 0.9% – – 20.1% 13.7%
Trend3 16 July 2015 24.6% 35.6% 4.1% 9.2% – – – 2.1% – 0.4% 16.5% 11.0%
Decision 9 August 2015 24.3% 30.3% 1.8% 6.6% – 5.6% 2.6% 1.4% – – 27.4% 6.0%
Freedom Journal 26 August 2015 17.38% 36.71% 1.39% 4.93% 0.28% 1.3% 0.46% – – 2.42% 35.13% 19.33%
Taiwan Index 12 September 2015 22.1% 35.1% 1.9% 7.2% 0.0% 0.3% GP: 1.3%, SD: 0.1% 0.1% – 2.1% 29.9% 13.0%
Trend 14 September 2015 21.5% 37.6% 4.1% 5.6% 0.8% 6.8% 1.8% – 0.5% 0.9% 20.4% 16.0%
Trend 17 September 2015 22.7% 34.2% 3.7% 4.3% 0.7% 5.6% 2.3% – 1.6% 0.5% 24.4% 11.5%
Freedom journal 23 September 2015 17.81% 34.26% 1.54% 3.56% – 1.83% 0.19% – – 40.82% 16.45%
Trend 23 September 2015 19.7% 34.7% 3.4% 6.9% 0.5% 7.0% 1.7% – – 2.4% 23.7% 15.0%
Freedom Journal 16 October 2015 19.01% 33.17% 1.65% 3.2% 0.39% 1.75% 0.10% – – – 40.71% 14.16%
TVBS 18 October 2015 33% 28% 3% 3% 2% 5% 2% – – 2% 22% 5.0%
Trend 24 October 2015 21.3% 37.5% 3.0% 7.2% 0.6% 4.7% 2.4% 0.2% 0.5% 0.3% 22.3% 16.2%
Shih Hsin University4 31 October 2015 23.3% 34% 2.3% 4.1% 0.5% 3.1% – 0.7% – – 30.2% 11.7%
TVBS 13 December 2015 23% 27% 2% 5% 2% 6% 3% – – 3% 25% 4%
Notice:：

Results

President

Summary of the 16 January 2016 Taiwan presidential election results

 
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice president
Democratic Progressive Party Tsai Ing-wen Chen Chien-jen 6,894,744 56.12%
 
Kuomintang Eric Chu Wang Ju-hsuan 3,813,365 31.04%
 
People First Party James Soong Hsu Hsin-ying 1,576,861 12.84%
 
Total 12,284,970 100%

County Level Breakdown

2016 Presidential Election Breakdown
County/ City Registered Voters Eric Chu (KMT) Tsai Ing-wen (DPP) James Soong (PFP) Invalid Votes Turnout Margin of
Top 2 Candidates
VotesPercentageVotesPercentageVotesPercentage
Taipei 2,175,986546,49137.4905%757,38351.9582%153,80410.5513%2254068.03%210,892
New Taipei 3,204,367709,37433.3392%1,165,88854.7945%252,48611.8663%2648167.23%456,514
Keelung 306,54868,35735.2876%93,40248.2164%31,95516.4960%243263.99%25,045
Yilan County 369,21159,21625.3817%144,79862.0646%29,28812.5537%318864.05%85,582
Taoyuan 1,627,598369,01334.3874%547,57351.0270%156,51814.5855%1189866.66%178,560
Hsinchu County 412,73194,60335.2817%114,02342.5243%59,51022.1940%380365.89%19,420
Hsinchu 328,58071,77132.4235%113,38651.2236%36,19816.3529%313868.32%41,615
Miaoli County 448,520107,77937.5500%130,46145.4524%48,78816.9976%365264.81%22,682
Taichung 2,138,519430,00529.8181%793,28155.0089%218,81015.1731%1980068.36%363,276
Changhua County 1,022,962193,11728.7951%378,73656.4721%98,80714.7328%1092166.63%185,619
Nantou County 415,12283,60432.0843%136,10452.2320%40,86815.6837%364963.65%52,500
Yunlin County 566,20786,04724.9321%218,84263.4095%40,23611.6584%499761.84%132,795
Chiayi County 430,88565,42523.3822%182,91365.3711%31,46911.2467%429565.93%117,488
Chiayi 210,75838,82227.9514%83,14359.8621%16,92612.1865%149266.61%44,321
Tainan 1,528,246219,19622.0689%670,60867.5175%103,43210.4136%1245765.81%451,412
Kaohsiung 2,254,324391,82326.0044%955,16863.3923%159,76510.6032%1811767.64%563,345
Pingtung County 689,170121,29126.9922%285,29763.4902%42,7689.5176%559566.01%164,006
Taitung County 179,54743,58144.6239%37,51738.4148%16,56516.9614%120855.07%6,064
Hualien County 267,86273,89447.7219%57,19836.9394%23,75115.3388%234258.68%16,696
Penghu County 84,22212,56429.4770%21,65850.8129%8,40119.7100%64351.37%9,094
Kinmen County 111,38624,32766.0970%6,62618.0030%5,85215.9000%59933.58%17,701
Lienchiang County 10,2403,06568.5989%73916.5398%66414.8612%8544.46%2,326
Source：
  • Central Election Commission of Taiwan

Legislative Yuan

↓
68 1 5 3 1 35
Democratic Progressive Party I NPP PFP N Kuomintang
Seat composition of the 9th Legislative Yuan
  Vacant
Party Constituency Proportional Total
seats		 +/–
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Democratic Progressive Party5,416,65944.59505,370,95344.061868Increase28
Kuomintang4,724,36638.89243,280,94926.911135Decrease29
People First Party156,2121.290794,8386.5233Steady
New Power Party351,2442.893744,3156.1125Increase5
New Party75,3720.620510,0744.1800Steady
Green–Social Democratic Coalition203,6581.680308,1062.5300Steady
Taiwan Solidarity Union97,7650.800305,6752.5100Decrease3
Faith And Hope League71,1010.590206,6291.7000Steady
Minkuotang196,1801.610197,6271.6200Decrease1
MCFAP17,0700.14087,2130.7200Steady
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union27,6900.23177,6720.6401Decrease1
Trees Party30,2240.25077,1740.6300Steady
Chinese Unionist Party18,8120.15056,3470.4600Steady
National Health Service Alliance12,0360.10051,0240.4200Steady
Free Taiwan Party18,4950.15047,9880.3900Steady
Peace Dove Alliance Party10,3180.08030,6170.2500Steady
Taiwan Independence Party7,8090.06027,4960.2300Steady
Constitutional Conventions of Taiwan13,5180.11015,4420.1300Steady
Others31,6930.260––0Steady
Independent668,4415.501––1Decrease1
Invalid/blank votes––––––
Total79100341130
Registered voters/turnout–　–––
Source: CEC

Reactions

Abroad

  •  Canada:
    •  Ontario - Ontario's MPP of Essex, Ernie Hardeman welcomed the result of this election. In this statement, "I congratulate the people of Taiwan for respecting the democratic process and welcome the election of Taiwan’s first female president, Dr. Tsai Ing-wen."[39]
  •  China: The People's Republic of China (PRC) had monitored the election closely and asks the DPP to abandon its “hallucinations” about pushing for independence, as any moves towards it would be a “poison”. Tsai had pledged to maintain peace with the PRC and the Taiwan Affairs Office opposed any move towards independence.[40]

Chou Tzu-yu flag incident

Chou Tzu-yu, a 16-year-old Taiwanese singer and a member of the South Korean K-pop girl group Twice, attracted attention with her appearance in a South Korean variety show called My Little Television, in which she introduced herself and waved the flag of the Republic of China alongside that of South Korea. Japan's flag was also shown as the other members of the group represented their nationality throughout the show. However, soon after the episode was broadcast it sparked controversy in China when Taiwanese-born China-based singer Huang An accused Chou of being a "pro-Taiwanese independence activist".[41] After the uproar over the issue, the group's record label, JYP Entertainment cancelled all activities of the group in China and released a video where Chou is shown reading an apology, all this the day before the election.[42] She mentioned in part:

"There is only one China. The two sides of the [Taiwan] Strait are one entity. I feel proud being a Chinese. I, as a Chinese, have hurt the company and netizens’ feelings due to my words and actions during overseas promotions. I feel very, very sorry and also very guilty."[43]

Nevertheless, many Taiwanese saw her apology as "humiliating and a sign of Taiwan's predicament that Chou had to apologize for expressing her Taiwanese identity and for showing her nation's flag." Tsai in her victory speech also mentioned how it had "angered many Taiwanese people, regardless of their political affiliation." And although it was believed by many that this incident affected the election, contributing to one or two percentage points of Tsai's winning margin,[44] it was thought that the issue probably had a very minor impact on the final outcome since most believed that people would have voted for Tsai anyway. However it is believed that the incident might potentially contribute to Taiwan's desire to become an independent state.[43][45]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Non-aboriginal constituency seats only
  2. ↑ "Presidential, legislative elections set for Jan. 16, 2016". focustaiwan.tw. The Central News Agency. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Tai, Ya-chen; Chen, Chun-hua; Huang, Frances (17 January 2016). "Turnout in presidential race lowest in history". Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Wu, Lilian (18 November 2015). "Running mates of three presidential candidates not from same parties". Central News Agency. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "Number of candidates rises this year". Taipei Times. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  6. ↑ Tai, Ya-chen; Hsu, Elizabeth (12 January 2016). "Voter list for Taiwan's presidential election surpasses 18.78 million". Central News Agency. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  7. 1 2 Presidential and Vice Presidential Election. Central Election Commission, Taiwan
  8. ↑ 第13任總統提名選舉公告 Archived 21 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.，民主進步黨，2011年3月17日
  9. ↑ "DPP nominates Tsai as 2016 candidate". taipeitimes.com.
  10. ↑ 藍6/14公布總統候選人 初選仍納黨員投票 Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.，中央廣播電臺
  11. ↑ "Hung to join KMT presidential primary". taipeitimes.com.
  12. ↑ Candidates will have 27 days to pick up registration forms. YouTube. 10 April 2015.
  13. ↑ "KMT's Hung signs up for primary". taipeitimes.com.
  14. ↑ Former Health Minister Yaung Chih-liang interested in joining presidential primary. YouTube. 23 April 2015.
  15. ↑ Hung Shiu-chu faces public opinion poll to become KMT presidential nominee. YouTube. 26 May 2015.
  16. ↑ 國民黨總統初選僅一人通過審核，BBC中文
  17. ↑ 選戰/洪秀柱跨過防磚門檻　將獲國民黨提名，中央日報
  18. ↑ "Hung Hsiu-chu officially nominated as KMT's presidential candidate". focustaiwan.tw.
  19. ↑ "Eric Chu named as KMT's new presidential candidate". focustaiwan.tw.
  20. ↑ 宋楚瑜宣佈參選2016總統，中央通訊社
  21. ↑ Hsu, Stacy (19 November 2015). "James Soong chooses Hsu Hsin-ying for ticket". Taipei Times. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  22. ↑ Lu, H.H.; Liu, Claudia; Kao, Evelyn (23 November 2015). "PFP to lead in registration for presidential election". Central News Agency. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  23. ↑ 台聯、親民黨也有2016門票　參選總統評估中, 蘋果日報, 2015年2月15日
  24. ↑ 再批「一中同表」黃昆輝：洪擺明是中國代言人, 自由時報, 2015年6月29日
  25. ↑ "施明德：大家不看好總統連署　我就玩給你看". 蘋果日報.
  26. ↑ "Shih Ming-te fails to meet threshold, ends candidacy". taipeitimes.com.
  27. ↑ 許榮淑參選總統　矢志用人生最後力量改造台灣，蘋果即時
  28. 1 2 3 4 中央社. "中選會：4組獨立參選人連署不足額". 中央社. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  29. ↑ 第 09 屆 立法委員選舉（區域） 候選人得票數 (in Chinese), Central Election Commission
  30. ↑ Loa, Iok-sin (10 December 2015). "DPP approves list of candidates outside the party to support". Taipei Times.
  31. ↑ Loa, Iok-sin (8 January 2016). "Chen Chien-jen stumps for candidates in Taipei". Taipei Times. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  32. ↑ Gerber, Abraham (26 November 2015). "NPP candidate registers for Hsinchu seat race". Taipei Times. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  33. ↑ Wen, Kuei-hsiang; Huang, Frances (30 January 2016). "Taiwan's new legislature to have more female lawmakers, become younger". Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  34. ↑ 林瑋豐 (17 August 2015). "綠黨社民黨聯盟成立 「淘汰國民黨，制衡民進黨」". 風傳媒. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  35. ↑ "黨章 – 中華統一促進黨". china999.org.
  36. ↑ "自由台灣黨、一邊一國結盟　拼立委選舉". 蘋果日報.
  37. ↑ RB. "新黨全球資訊網 - [新黨訊] "新黨不選政黨票了嗎？" - 青新論壇 - 新聞公告". np.org.tw. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015.
  38. ↑ "新黨公布不分區立委：葉毓蘭第一、邱毅第二" (in Chinese). Liberty Times Net. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  39. ↑ https://www.essex.ontariopc.com/News/Details/Statement-by-MPP-Ernie-Hardeman-on-Elections-in-Taiwan
  40. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/taiwan-election/after-vote-china-tells-taiwan-to-abandon-independence-hallucination-idUSKCN0UV02I
  41. ↑ "16-year-old K-pop singer waves Taiwan flag, forced to cancel China activities". Shanghaiist. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  42. ↑ Politi, Daniel. "Did a 16-Year-Old Pop Star Help Pro-Independence Party Win Taiwan's Election?". Slate. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  43. 1 2 Buckley, Chris; Ramzy, Austin (2016-01-16). "Singer's Apology for Waving Taiwan Flag Stirs Backlash of Its Own". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  44. ↑ "Taiwan election: How a penitent pop star may have helped Tsai win - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  45. ↑ Hsu, Hua (2016-01-20). "Twenty-Somethings in Taiwan and the Country's First Female President". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
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