Nuh (city)

Nuh
नूँह
Town
Nuh
Nuh
Coordinates: 28°07′N 77°01′E / 28.12°N 77.02°E / 28.12; 77.02
Country  India
State Haryana
District Nuh
Government
 • Type democratic
Elevation 199 m (653 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 16,260
Demonym(s) Mewati
Languages
 • Official Hindi
 • Spoken Urdu, Mewati
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code IN-HR
Vehicle registration HR 27
Website haryana.gov.in
http://www.mewat.gov.in

Nuh is the district headquarters of the Nuh district[1] in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies on the National Highway 248 (NH 48) or Gurgaon-Sohna-Alwar highway about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Gurgaon.

History

According to Mahabharata (900 BCE), the area was granted by the eldest Pandava king Yudhishthira to their teacher Dronacharya. Later is passed in the hands of Maurya empire to invaders like Parthian and Kushan, and Yaudheya after they expelled Kushanas from the area between Yamuna and Satluj. Yodheyas was sujugated by king Rudradaman I of Indo-Scythians and later by Gupta Empire and then by Hunas, who were overthrown by Yashodharman of Mandsaur and then by Yashovarman of Kannauj. Area was also ruled by Harsha (590 - 467 CE), Gurjara-Pratihara (mid 7th century CE to 11th century). Tomara dynasty, who founded Dhillika in 736 CE, were earlier tributaries of Partiharas, overthrew Partiharas. Tomaras were defeated by [[ who were in turn were overthrown in 1156 CE by king Visaladeva Chauhan of Chauhan Dynasty. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan conquered the area of Gurugram, Nuh, Bhiwani and Rewari in 1182 CE. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 CE, the area came under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206 CE) of Delhi Sultanate who defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj who had invaded Mewat are from Alwar. Meo who were all Hindus during those times, killed Sayyid Wajih-ud-din who was sent to subjugate Meos, but they were later suppressed by nephew of Aibak called Miran Hussain Jang and those Meo who remained Hindus were forced to pay Islamic religious tax Jizya and others were forced to convert to Islam. In 1249 CE, Balban killed 2000 rebellious Meos. Meo rebels took away large number of camels of Balban's army in 1257-58 CE. In 1260 CE, Balban retaliated by overrunning the area and killing 250 Meo prisoners and slaughtered 12,000 women, children and surviving men.

Khanzada Rajput Era

At the time of invasion of Timur in 1398 CE,Bahadur Nahar formerly known as Sonpar Pal, of Hindu Jadu clan was the prominent king of the area, who constructed the fort called Kotla Bahadur Nahar near Kotla lake at Kotla village of Nuh. Sonpar Pal converted to Islam in 1355 and was given a new name of Raja Nahar Khan (not to be confused with Jat king Nahar Singh) by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq. He became founder of Khanzada Rajputs. After the fall of Tughlaq dynasty in 1398, Nahar Khan reconciled with Timur. In 1420, during the era of Nahar Khan's grandson, Khanzada Feroz Khan, Mewat was attacked by Sultan Khizr Khan of Delhi Sayyid dynasty .The Mewati army fortified themselves for one year in Kotla Fort, after which the Delhi army retreated. In 1425, great grandsons of Bahadur Nahar named Khanzada Jalal Khan and Khanzada Abdul Qadir Khan (Jallu and Qaddu) revolted against Dehli Sultanate, they were defeated by Delhi Sultan Mubarak Shah ( 1421– 1434 CE) who overran Mewat and killed Qaddu. Jallu continued the native Mewati rebellion against the Delhi sultanate,in 1427, the Mewati army fortified themselves for one year in the hills of Tijara, after which the Delhi army retreated.In 1527, Hasan Khan Mewati, a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan, sided with Rajput king Rana Sanga and they were defeated by Babur at Battle of Khanwa where Hassan Khan Mewati was killed by Mughals and his son Naher Khan II ruled Mewat as a vassal of Mughals.

Mughal Era

Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh I to crush the revolting Khanzada chief Ikram Khan,Jagirdar of Tijara a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan(through his son Malik Alaudin Khan). After the death of Aurangzeb, Bahadurgarh and Farrukhnagar in the north were under the Baloch nawabs who were granted jagir in 1713 CE by Mughal king Farrukhsiyar, central area of Badshapur was under Hindu Badgujar Rajput king Hathi Singh and south including Nuh were under the great Jat king of Bharatpur State, Maharaja Suraj Mal. During Maratha Empire the area was conquered by their French generals in late 18th century and they granted Farukhnagar to George Thomas and Jharsa (Badshahpur) to Begum Sumro and south area including Nuh stayed under the Bharatpur jat kings and their vassal relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh.[2][3][4]

Geography

Nuh is located at 28°07′N 77°01′E / 28.12°N 77.02°E / 28.12; 77.02.[5] It has an average elevation of 199 metres (652 feet).

It is 70 km from New Delhi. It is located in the far southwest area of Haryana.

Climate

Climate in City is Extreme. Lowest Temperature: 0-1 degrees Highest Temperature: 44-45 degrees

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[6] Nuh had a population of 11,038. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nuh has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 44%. In Nuh, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Visitor attractions and monuments

The town assumed importance at the time of Bahadur Singh of Ghasera because of the trade in salt manufactured in neighbouring villages.

To the west of the town is a masonry tank of red sandstone tank featuring a chhatri adorned with floral designs. The tomb of Sheikh Musa combines Muslim and Rajput forms of architecture and is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the town.

Various ancient monuments of historical importance are scattered in this region, including:

Ghasera Fort

The ruined Ghasera Fort lies at Ghasera village 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Nuh city on Nun-Sohna road[7] that was ruled by Bahadur Singh Bargujar, a Rajput chief of 11 villages, he was killed in 1753 by the famous Jat king Surajmal of Bharatpur State after Jats besieged and ran over the Ghasera fort, after which Jats turned to Delhi by defeating Mughal king Ahmad Shah Bahadur and occupied the Red Fort there in 1754 CE.[8][9]

Chui Mal Ka Taalab

Chui Mal Ka Talaab or Chui Mal's water tank is a rectangular ancient water tank built mid 19th century[10] near Nalhar road behind Yasin degree college on the outskirts of Nuh city. The pond has an ancient cenotaph (chhatri) of red stone and having beautiful carvings.[11]

Nalhar Pandava Shiva Reservoir

Nalhar Pandava Shiva Reservoir and Nalhar Shiva Temple are located There is also a natural reservoir 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Nuh city in the foothills of Aravalli Hills which can be reached by climbing 250 stairsteps from the Nalhar Shiva Temple. Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College is located nearby.[12]

At the foothills of Aravalli range at Nalhar village, there is also a Lord Shiva temple within a U-shaped Nalhar valley which is reached by the nalhar road from Nuh city through a large ceremonial Hindu religious gate small distance from the temple. Water keeps flowing out of this reservoir and it is located behind the temple up in Aravalli Hills by climbing 250 stairsteps. Popular folklore claims that Pandavas stayed here, prayed to the lord Shiva and drank water from this reservoir during a visit in their 14 years long exile.[12]

Temple of Hathor

http://www.merinews.com/article/shaking-minarets-in-haryanas-nuh/15897183.shtml

The ruins of Temple of Hathor (not to be confused with Hathor temple in the Dendera Temple complex in Egypt) of third dynasty of Thutmose of Egypt in 1479–1425 BC along with the Tomb of Sheikh Musa are located on a small hillock next to the Mewat Engineering College 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) from Nuh city on Nuh-Taoru road (state highway 132).[13] Archaeologists have found papyrus document written in ancient Demotic Egyptian script and Greek script within the temple complex.[13] The Temple of Hathor in Nuh is believed to be of the Third Dynasty of Thutmose and was restored again in 11th Dynasty of Tuthmose.[14] It was again destroyed and then was rebuilt in the Ptolemaic Period.[14] Hathor is an ancient Egyptian goddess who personified the principles of joy, feminine love, and motherhood who presided over the moon and Noah or Nuh who presided over the river Nile in Egypt.

Tomb of Sheikh Musa

The Tomb of Sheikh Musa is a 14th-century structure also has as the Shaking Minarets of Sheikh Musa and the adjacent Temple of Hathor of third dynasty of Thutmose of Egypt in 1479–1425 BC are located on a small hillock next to the Mewat Engineering College 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) from Nuh city.

The Tomb and mosque were built in Hijri era 1142 (14th century CE) in Tughlaq style architecture.[13] Sheikh Musa was the grandson of Mohammed Farid, and he came to Nuh looking for solitude and salvation. The tomb was built in his memory and the complex grew over time, with his dargah (tomb), mosque, madarsa, surrounding defensive wall with 12 arched gateways, one of the gateways around the dargah has shaking minarets that vibrate synchronously.[13]

The shaking arches and gateways were built in late Mughal-Rajput architectural style in 18th to early 19th century.[13] These minarets are one of its kind in India, as these can vibrate/shake. If a person shakes the pillars of one minar, the person standing inside the adjacent minar will automatically feel vibrations.[15] The condition of these minars are not good due to lack of maintenance by concerned authorities and immediate action required otherwise within next 2–3 years we may lose this example of ancient engineering.[13]

Tomb of Bahadur Khan Nahir

The Tomb of Raja Nahar Khan and Kotla Mosque are 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) from Nuh city in the Kotla village. The red sandstone and Grey quartzite tomb has inscription on the ruined gateway, dating it to 1392-1400 CE.[16]

Nuh System of Lakes

Nuh System of Lakes, a collection of several lakes lying in each other's vicinity, includes the permanent swamp of Khalilpur lake 1,500 acres (610 ha) in size which gets flooded during rains lies north-west of Nuh around Khalilpur and Indari villages on Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, permanent swamp with standing water of Chandaini lake 1,500 acres (610 ha) in size which lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Khalilpur village, Sangil-Ujina lake is not a clearly defined basin of lake as it carried only the overflow water in the rainy season from Khalilpur lake and other lakes, and Kotla Dahar lake at the foothills of Aravalli Range is the largest lake which is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) broad and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and lies across Nuh and Ferozpur Jhirka tehsils. Through a system of bunds and artificial drains the lakes of Khalilpur, Chandaini and Kotla Dahar are drained by November to make the land available for cultivation.[2]

Transport

It lies on the National Highway 248 (NH 248) or Gurgaon-Sohna-Alwar highway about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Gurgaon.

Nuh is well connected to Gurgaon, Delhi, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh by high frequency bus service. Night bus services are also provided by Rajasthan and Haryana Roadways. It has a depot and workshop of Haryana Roadways. Frequent bus service provided by Haryana and Rajasthan Roadways from Delhi to Alwar serves Nuh city.

The nearest railway stations are Palwal (32 km) and Gurgaon (45 km). A new railway line is being laid from Alwar to Pirthala and Asaoti near Palwal as a part of Western Dedicated Freight Corridor. A small portion of the track will pass slightly east of Nuh town and a Nuh railway station may be created.

The nearest airport is Palam airport at New Delhi.

Education

Schools

  • Modern Mother's Pride School, Nuh

Delhi Public School Nuh

  • A.M.U PUBLIC SCHOOL BICHHOR (PUNHANA)
  • Sardar Gurumukh Singh Memorial School
  • Hindu High School
  • Meo High School
  • Utopian Sr.Sec.School (Punahana)
  • Maria Manzil School
  • Green Field Public School
  • Girl High School
  • Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhliya
  • Aravali Public School

Higher Education

  • Yasin Meo Degree College
  • A.M.U COLLEGE OF EDUCATION BICHHOR(PUNHANA) NUH
  • Mewat Wakf Engineering College
  • SHKM Memorial Govt. Medical College
  • Industrial Training Institute
  • Teachers Training Institute

Nearby cities and towns

References

  1. ↑ "Gurgaon is now 'Gurugram', Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government". The Indian Express. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  2. 1 2 Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983, Haryana Revenue Department, Chapter II, pp.35-45.
  3. ↑ Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910", Haryana Revenue Department, Section B, pp.19-24.
  4. ↑ Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1883-84", Haryana Revenue Department, Chapter II, pp.19-25.
  5. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Nuh
  6. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  7. ↑ Nuh to Ghasera route map and distance
  8. ↑ Jat Kingdom of Bharatput
  9. ↑ Haryana Revenue Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910, Section B - History
  10. ↑ Magnificent masonry tanks of yore
  11. ↑ Photo trip of Chui Mal ka talaab
  12. 1 2 Climber Explorer - A natural reservoir in Nalhar Nuh
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6
  14. 1 2 Hathor temple
  15. ↑ Photo trip of Shaking Minarets of Tomb of Sheikh Musa
  16. ↑ Haryana Govt - Nuh District
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