Nuffield College, Oxford

Nuffield College
Oxford
Nuffield College Courtyard, from the west
Blazon: Ermine on a fesse or between in chief two roses gules barbed and seeded proper and in base a balance of the second three pears sable. The Crest was slightly moderated and redrawn to simplify the design in Summer 2017.
Location New Road and Worcester Street
Coordinates 51°45′10″N 1°15′47″W / 51.752834°N 1.262917°W / 51.752834; -1.262917Coordinates: 51°45′10″N 1°15′47″W / 51.752834°N 1.262917°W / 51.752834; -1.262917
Full name The Warden and Fellows of Nuffield College in the University of Oxford
Latin name Collegium Nuffield
Motto Fiat Justitia
Established 1937
Named for William Morris, Lord Nuffield
Sister college None
Warden Sir Andrew Dilnot
Undergraduates None
Postgraduates 81
Website College website
Map
Location in Oxford city centre

Nuffield College /ˈnʌfiːld/ is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is a graduate college and specialises in the social sciences, particularly economics, politics and sociology. Nuffield is one of Oxford's newest colleges, having been founded in 1937, as well as one of the smallest, with around 75 postgraduate students and 60 academic fellows.[1] It was also the first Oxford college to accept both men and women, having been coeducational since its foundation.[2]

Its architecture is designed to conform to the traditional college layout and its modernist spire is a landmark for those approaching Oxford from the west.

As of 2006, the College had an estimated financial endowment of £146m,[3] making it the fourth richest Oxford college by assets.[4] Due to its small intake, it is the wealthiest educational institution per student in the world.[5] Since 2017, Nuffield has committed to underwriting funding for all new students accepted to the college.[6]

History

Nuffield College was founded in 1937 after a donation to the University by the industrialist and founder of Morris Motors Lord Nuffield. On 16 November 1937, the University entered a Deed of Covenant and Trust with Lord Nuffield.[7] He donated land for the college on New Road, to the west of the city centre near the mound of Oxford Castle, on the site of the largely disused basin of the Oxford Canal.[8] As well as the land, Nuffield gave £900,000[n 1] to build the college and to provide it with an endowment.[7][10] For the creation of Nuffield College and for his other donations he was described in 1949 by an editorial in The Times as "the greatest benefactor of the University since the Middle Ages".[11]

From its inception, Nuffield College initiated a number of trends at both Oxford and Cambridge.[4] It was the first college to have both women and men housed together. It was also the first college to consist solely of graduate students. In addition, it was the first in modern times to have a defined subject focus, namely the social sciences.

Nuffield appointed its first fellows in 1939, but the outbreak of World War II meant that the College's construction did not begin until 1949. During the War, Nuffield hosted the Nuffield College Social Reconstruction Survey, which examined issues related to post-War reconstruction. Nuffield admitted its first students in 1945, and received its Royal Charter from the hands of the Duke of Edinburgh on 6 June 1958.

Buildings

Nuffield is located on the site of the basin of the Oxford Canal to the west of Oxford. The land on which the college stands was formerly the city's principal canal basin and coal wharfs.

A tall light-coloured stone square tower with a small metal spire; to the left, a smaller building in the same stone with a dark tiled roof
Nuffield College, facing New Road, with the library tower topped by a flèche. The main entrance to the college is in the middle of the building to the left of the tower.The library tower and spire seen from New Road.

The architect Austen Harrison, who had worked in Greece and Palestine, was appointed by the University to design the buildings. His initial design, heavily influenced by Mediterranean architecture, was rejected by Nuffield, who called it "un-English"[10] and refused to allow his name to be associated with it. Harrison reworked the plans, aiming for "something on the lines of Cotswold domestic architecture",[10] as Nuffield wanted. The plans were approved by Lord Nuffield in 1940. Construction of the college began in 1949. Restrictions on construction after the Second World War meant that work on the college was not completed until 1960. The original plan for the college to occupy land on both sides of Worcester Street was scaled down as a result of budget and material shortages, and to this day the land to the west of the college is occupied by a "temporary" car park. In one change, the tower, which had been planned to be ornamental, was redesigned to hold the college's library. It was the first tower built in Oxford for 200 years and is about 150 feet (46 m) tall, including the flèche on top. The buildings are arranged around two quadrangles, with residential accommodation for students and fellows in one, and the hall, library and administrative offices in the other. The chapel has stained glass windows designed by John Piper.

The architectural aesthetic of the final design, particularly the tower and its fleche, has attracted some criticism; unlike the other "dreaming spires" of Oxford, Nuffield's tower is a masonry-clad steel-framed book-stack. The architectural historian Sir Howard Colvin said that Harrison's first design was Oxford's "most notable architectural casualty of the 1930s";[12] it has also been described as a "missed opportunity" to show that Oxford did not live "only in the past".[13] Reaction to the architecture of the college has been largely unfavourable. In the 1960s, it was described as "Oxford's biggest monument to barren reaction".[14] The tower has been described as "ungainly",[15] and marred by repetitive windows. The travel writer Jan Morris wrote that the college was "a hodge-podge from the start".[16] However, the architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, although unimpressed with most of the college, thought that the tower helped the Oxford skyline and predicted it would "one day be loved".[17] The writer Simon Jenkins doubted Pevsner's prediction, and claimed that "vegetation" was the "best hope" for the tower – as well as the rest of the college.[18]

Research

Around a third of Nuffield's fellows hold appointments at the University of Oxford as lecturers, readers or professors. In addition, the college fully funds around a dozen "Official Fellowships", which the college views as tenured research professorships (although most also teach on the University's graduate programme), and about a dozen three year Postdoctoral research fellows. The college also houses a number of young scholars who hold distinguished awards, such as British Academy post-doctoral fellowships, some senior research fellows and a group of research-active emeritus and honorary fellows. The college also produces works in the Nuffield Election Studies.[19] The college is also home to the Centre for Social Investigation, an interdisciplinary research group examining inequalities and social progress in Britain.

The college was the birthplace of the "Oxford School" of Industrial Relations; it pioneered the development of cost benefit analysis for developing countries; and it has made a major contribution to the methodology of econometrics.[1]

People associated with Nuffield

Notable students and fellows

Many prominent people have studied at Nuffield, including Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India, Geoffrey Gallop, former Premier of Western Australia and Nicholas Stern, former Chief Economist of the World Bank and President of the British Academy.

Notable fellows have included psephologist David Butler, political philosopher Michael Oakeshott, political theorist and economist G. D. H. Cole, and statistician David Cox, who served as Warden between 1988 and 1994. Among the College's fellows and former fellows are three Nobel Prize laureates, John Hicks, James Mirrlees, and Amartya Sen.

Visiting fellows include Stephanie Flanders, BBC economics editor, Tim Harford, author and economist, and George Soros, investor and philanthropist.

In 2008, a third of all economists who were fellows of the British Academy had connections to Nuffield, as did a quarter of all political science, sociology and social statistics fellows.[4]

Wardens

Visitors

The Visitor of Nuffield College is ex officio the Master of the Rolls, currently Sir Terence Etherton.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ £900,000 in 1937 would be worth approximately £246M in today's terms, adjusting for changes in GDP.[9]
References
  1. 1 2 "About Nuffield College". www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  2. ↑ Communication from Clare Kavanagh, assistant college librarian
  3. ↑ "Oxford College Endowment Incomes, 1973–2006". Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. , Press Release, May 2005, plus Index (updated July 2007).
  4. 1 2 3 Fifty years of Nuffield College | Education. The Guardian (2008-06-03). Retrieved on 2013-08-24.
  5. ↑ "Is Nuffield the richest educational institution in the world per capita?". posnetres.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  6. ↑ "Funding your Studies - Nuffield College Oxford University". Nuffield College Oxford University. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  7. 1 2 Loveday
  8. ↑ Tyack, p. 300
  9. ↑ Officer, Lawrence H. (2011). "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound Amount, 1830 to Present". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  10. 1 2 3 Colvin, p. 174
  11. ↑ "Nuffield College". The Times. 22 April 1949. p. 5.
  12. ↑ Colvin, p. 166
  13. ↑ Richards
  14. ↑ Smith, p. 28
  15. ↑ Tyack, p. 301
  16. ↑ Morris, p. 205
  17. ↑ Pevsner, p. 65
  18. ↑ Jenkins
  19. ↑ "'The Evolution of British Electoral Studies' by David Butler - The British Election Study". www.britishelectionstudy.com. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
Bibliography

  • Colvin, Sir Howard (1983). Unbuilt Oxford. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03126-2.
  • Harrison, Brian, ed. (1994). The History of the University of Oxford Volume 8: The Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822974-2. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  • Jebb, Miles (1996). The Colleges of Oxford. Constable. ISBN 0-09-476160-4.
  • Jenkins, Simon (2009). England's Thousand Best Houses. Penguin Books. p. 686. ISBN 978-0-14-103929-9.
  • Loveday, Alexander (1954). "Nuffield College". In Salter, H. E.; Lobel, Mary D. A History of the County of Oxford Volume III – The University of Oxford. Victoria County History. Institute of Historical Research, University of London. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-7129-1064-4. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  • Morris, Jan (2001). Oxford. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280136-4. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Sherwood, Jennifer (1974). "Nuffield College". Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09639-9.
  • Tyack, Geoffrey (1998). Oxford: an architectural guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-817423-3. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
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