David Cox (statistician)

David Cox
David Cox
	Cox in 1980
Born	15 July 1924; Birmingham, England
Citizenship	United Kingdom
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge; University of Leeds
Known for	Cox proportional hazards model; Stochastic processes; Design of experiments; Analysis of binary data
Awards	Knight Bachelor; Fellow of the Royal Society; Guy Medal (Silver, 1961) (Gold, 1973); George Box Medal (2005); Copley medal (2010); International Prize in Statistics (2016) ; BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2016)
	Scientific career
Fields	Statistics
Institutions	Royal Aircraft Establishment; Wool Industries Research Association; University of Cambridge; Birkbeck College, London; Imperial College, London; Nuffield College, Oxford
Doctoral advisor	Henry Daniels and Bernard Welch
Doctoral students	David Hinkley; Peter McCullagh; Basilio de Bragança Pereira; Walter L. Smith; Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro; Valerie Isham ; Henry Wynn

Sir David Roxbee Cox FRS FBA FRSE (born 15 July 1924) is a prominent British statistician.

Early life and education

Cox was born in Birmingham. His father was a die sinker and part-owner of a jewellery shop, and they lived near the Jewellery Quarter. He attended Handsworth Grammar School.^[1] Cox studied mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge and obtained his PhD from the University of Leeds in 1949, advised by Henry Daniels and Bernard Welch.^[2]

Career

He was employed from 1944 to 1946 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, from 1946 to 1950 at the Wool Industries Research Association in Leeds,^[3] and from 1950 to 1956 worked at the Statistical Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. From 1956 to 1966 he was Reader and then Professor of Statistics at Birkbeck College, London. In 1966, he took up the Chair position in Statistics at Imperial College London where he later became head of the mathematics department. In 1988 he became Warden of Nuffield College and a member of the Department of Statistics at Oxford University. He formally retired from these positions in 1994.^[3]

Cox has received numerous honorary doctorates, including from Heriot-Watt University in 1987.^[4] He has been awarded the Guy Medals in Silver (1961) and Gold (1973) of the Royal Statistical Society. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1973, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1985^[5] and became an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy in 2000. He is a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. In 1990, he won the Kettering Prize and Gold Medal for Cancer Research for "the development of the Proportional Hazard Regression Model." In 2010 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society "for his seminal contributions to the theory and applications of statistics."^[6] He is also the first ever recipient of the International Prize in Statistics.^[7] In 2013 Cox was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.^[8]

He has supervised, collaborated with, and encouraged many younger researchers now prominent in statistics. He has served as President of the Bernoulli Society, of the Royal Statistical Society, and of the International Statistical Institute. He is an Honorary Fellow of Nuffield College and St John's College, Cambridge, and is a member of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford.

He has made pioneering and important contributions to numerous areas of statistics and applied probability, of which the best known are:

Logistic Regression, which is employed when the variable to be predicted is categorical (i.e., can take a limited number of values, e.g., gender, US census race), binary (a special case of categorical with only two values - e.g., success/failure, disease/no disease), or ordinal, where the categories can be ranked (e.g., pain intensity can be absent, mild, moderate, severe, unbearable). Cox's 1958 paper ^[9] addressed the case of binary logistic regression.
The proportional hazards model, which is widely used in the analysis of survival data.^[3] An example is survival times in medical research that can be related to information about the patients such as age, diet or exposure to certain chemical substances.
The Cox process was named after him.

He has won the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences category jointly with Bradley Efron, for the development of “pioneering and hugely influential” statistical methods that have proved indispensable for obtaining reliable results in a vast spectrum of disciplines from medicine to astrophysics, genomics or particle physics.

Personal life

In 1948, Cox married Joyce Drummond. They have four children and two grandchildren.

Bibliography

Cox has written or co-authored 300 papers and books. From 1966 to 1991 he was the editor of Biometrika. His books are as follows:

Planning of experiments (1958)
Queues (Methuen, 1961). With Walter L. Smith
Renewal Theory (Methuen, 1962).
The theory of stochastic processes (1965). With Hilton David Miller
Analysis of binary data (1969). With Joyce Snell
Theoretical statistics (1974). With D. V. Hinkley
Point processes (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1980). With Valerie Isham
Applied statistics, principles and examples (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1981). With Joyce Snell
Analysis of survival data (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1984). With David Oakes
Asymptotic techniques for use in statistics. (1989) With Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen
Inference and asymptotics (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1994). With Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen
Multivariate dependencies, models, analysis and interpretation (Chapman & Hall, 1995). With Nanny Wermuth
The theory of design of experiments. (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2000). With Nancy M. Reid.
Complex stochastic systems (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2000). With Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen and Claudia Klüppelberg
Components of variance (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2003). With P. J. Solomon
Principles of Statistical Inference (Cambridge University Press, 2006). ISBN 978-0-521-68567-2
Selected Statistical Papers of Sir David Cox 2 Volume Set
Principles of Applied Statistics (CUP) With Christl A. Donnelly

He is a named editor of the following books

D. R. Cox and D. M. Titterington, ed. (1991). Complex Stochastic Systems. Royal Society. ISBN 0-85403-453-6.
The collected works of John Tukey (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1992). Editor.
Time series models in econometrics, finance and others (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1996). With D. V. Hinkley and Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen (editors)
D. M. Titterington and D. R. Cox, ed. (2001). Biometrika: One Hundred Years. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850993-6.

The following book was published in his honour.

Celebrating Statistics: Papers in honour of Sir David Cox on his 80th birthday ISBN 0-19-856654-9

References

↑ "Pioneer detail: David Cox". UK Data Service. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
↑ entry at Mathematics Genealogy Project
1 2 3 Gregersen, Erik (13 February 2015). "Sir David Cox, British statistician". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
↑ webperson@hw.ac.uk. "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates". www1.hw.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
↑ "No. 50221". The London Gazette. 6 August 1985. p. 10815.
↑ "David Cox". The Royal Society. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
↑ Talley, Jill (19 October 2016). "International Prize in Statistics Awarded to Sir David Cox for Survival Analysis Model Applied in Medicine, Science, and Engineering" (PDF) (Press release). American Statistical Association. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
↑ "Sir David Cox FRS, HonFBA, HonFRSE - The Royal Society of Edinburgh". The Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
↑ Cox, DR (1958). "The regression analysis of binary sequences (with discussion)". J Roy Stat Soc B. 20: 215–242. JSTOR 2983890.

""I would like to think of myself as a scientist, who happens largely to specialise in the use of statistics"– An interview with Sir David Cox". Statistics Views. John Wiley & Sons. 24 January 2014.

External links

Sir David Cox – homepage at web-site of University of Oxford.
The certificate of election to the Royal Society is available at Cox, David Roxbee
There are two photographs at Portraits of Statisticians
Cox's time in the Cambridge Statistical Laboratory is recounted in The History of the Cambridge Statistical Laboratory
Summary of his life and work, page 3 of ENBIS News, Winter/Spring 2006
For Cox's PhD students see David Roxbee Cox at the Mathematics Genealogy Project page.
Nancy Reid (August 1994). "A Conversation with Sir David Cox". Statistical Science. 9 (3): 439–455. doi:10.1214/ss/1177010394.

Academic offices
Preceded by Michael Brock	Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford 1988–1994	Succeeded by Sir Anthony Atkinson

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[ukdata-1] "Pioneer detail: David Cox". UK Data Service. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[2] try at Mathematics Genealogy Project

[britannica-3] 1 2 3 Gregersen, Erik (13 February 2015). "Sir David Cox, British statistician". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[4] webperson@hw.ac.uk. "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates". www1.hw.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-06.

[5] "No. 50221". The London Gazette. 6 August 1985. p. 10815.

[royalsociety-6] "David Cox". The Royal Society. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[7] Talley, Jill (19 October 2016). "International Prize in Statistics Awarded to Sir David Cox for Survival Analysis Model Applied in Medicine, Science, and Engineering" (PDF) (Press release). American Statistical Association. Retrieved 2016-10-20.

[8] "Sir David Cox FRS, HonFBA, HonFRSE - The Royal Society of Edinburgh". The Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2018-02-01.

[cox58reg-9] Cox, DR (1958). "The regression analysis of binary sequences (with discussion)". J Roy Stat Soc B. 20: 215–242. JSTOR 2983890.

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904 Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905 Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906 The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907 Richard Martin 1907–1909 Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910 Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912 Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914 Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915 The Lord Welby 1915–1916 Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918 Bernard Mallet, Registrar General 1918–1920 Herbert Samuel 1920–1922 R. Henry Rew 1922–1924 The Lord Emmott 1924–1926 Udny Yule 1926–1928 The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930 A. William Flux 1930–1932 Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934 The Lord Meston 1934–1936 Major Greenwood 1936–1938 The Lord Kennet 1938–1940 Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941 Henry William Macrosty 1941 Hector Leak 1941–1943 William Beveridge 1943–1945 Charles Ernest Snow 1945–1947 The Lord Woolton 1947–1949 David Heron 1949–1950 Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952 Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954 Ronald Fisher 1954–1955 The Lord Piercy 1955–1957 Egon Pearson 1957–1959 Harry Campion 1959–1960 Hugh Beaver 1960–1962 Maurice Kendall 1962–1964 Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965 Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966 L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967 M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968 Frank Yates 1968–1969 Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970 R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971 Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972 George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973 Harold Wilson 1973–1974 D. J. Finney 1974–1975 Henry Daniels 1975–1977 Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978 Henry Wynn 1978–1980 Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982 David Cox 1982–1984 Peter Armitage 1984–1985 Walter Bodmer 1985–1986 John Nelder 1986–1987 James Durbin 1987–1989 John Kingman 1989–1991 Peter G. Moore 1991–1993 T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995 D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997 Adrian Smith 1997–1999 R. N. Curnow 1999–2001 Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003 Peter Green 2003–2005 Andy Grieve 2005–2007 Tim Holt 2008–2009 David Hand 2010–2010 Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replaced pro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012 Valerie Isham 2013–John Pullinger
Category List

David Cox
Cox in 1980
Born	(1924-07-15) 15 July 1924 Birmingham, England
Citizenship	United Kingdom
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge University of Leeds
Known for	Cox proportional hazards model Stochastic processes Design of experiments Analysis of binary data
Awards	Knight Bachelor Fellow of the Royal Society Guy Medal (Silver, 1961) (Gold, 1973) George Box Medal (2005) Copley medal (2010) International Prize in Statistics (2016) BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2016)
Scientific career
Fields	Statistics
Institutions	Royal Aircraft Establishment Wool Industries Research Association University of Cambridge Birkbeck College, London Imperial College, London Nuffield College, Oxford
Doctoral advisor	Henry Daniels and Bernard Welch
Doctoral students	David Hinkley Peter McCullagh Basilio de Bragança Pereira Walter L. Smith Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro Valerie Isham Henry Wynn