New Southgate

Contributory settlements and administrative areas

The first reference to New Southgate is in the 1850s.

North and east parts were known as Betstyle and as a natural progression fell into the Municipal Borough of Southgate (1881-1965); Southgate had recently grown from a broad hamlet of South Street and others in the parish of Edmonton. From 1851 Southgate constituted a district chapelry under Edmonton which replaced a semi-private chapel at Arnos Grove built in the 17th century — immediately north-east of Betstyle.^[4] The parent chapelry was upgraded with a church in 1863 and installed with stained glass windows in 1865 by D.G. Rossetti by which date it had many isolated streets of housing to serve such as around the crossroads at Betstyle (also written as Betstile).^[4][5]

West parts from 1409 until the 20th century were frequently referred to in title deeds as Colney Hatch.^[6] Development was tightly constrained. It was estimated the hamlet had 12 of 78 taxable houses in the narrow parish in 1795; but 33 inhabited houses in Colney Hatch are recorded in 1801. This co-parent parish extended a total of 3 miles (4.8 km) west, Friern Barnet. Maps show the name Colney Hatch, interchangeably with New Southgate, coming to cover the more developed hamlet Betstyle, in the chapelry of Southgate within the parish of Edmonton; the refined hamlet and grand asylum outweighed the initial stigma in official maps and deeds, but less so in social organisations and in the naming of the railway station, the line of which resembles the historic split between the two parishes and later districts including today's boroughs. The crossroads of Colney Hatch had Halliwick manor house standing north of some cottages on the south-west corner; The White House and The Orange Tree Inn on the north-west side near to Brook House; The Priory, north-east with Woodlands, Greenbank, and Springfield to the north to which were added the Hermitage and several cottages on the south-west corner by 1783.^[6] It saw very little change in the 19th century before the construction of the county lunatic asylum: in 1882 Colney Hatch was described "as a village which had sprung up to serve the staff".^[6]

However Colney Hatch was from 1851 slowly erased from the names of schools, churches and most other organisations as residents sought to distance themselves from a lingering social stigma from passers-by and social gossip across the county of the large mental health institution. The vast site operated for many decades, first under an enforced mass segregation regime which was later abolished nationwide, to treat the mentally unwell — Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum.

All 19th century urban development was concentrated in the east on what had been Betstyle, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the rural centre of the ancient, that is to say medieval-founded, elongated parish of Friern Barnet to the northwest. The name New Southgate was increasingly adopted for the above areas, combined.

Parishes had taken over from manorial courts by devolution to their vestries chiefly in the 17th century. Southgate extending far to the north and east became a civil parish in 1894 beneath the overarching powers of its Municipal Borough.^[7] Friern Barnet civil parish, extending in the other directions, rapidly faded into Friern Barnet Urban District which existed between 1895 and 1965.^[8]

A small minority of the former New Southgate civil parish lies in the London Borough of Haringey.

Friern Hospital

Many tens of acres were bought and used by the second county lunatic asylum for Middlesex, as maps of before World War II show. The later mental health hospital on the site closed in 1993. It was redeveloped into two housing estates, Princess Park Manor and Friern Village in New Southgate.

Churches

Extract from a map of 1820

The Anglican church in New Southgate is the first locally. It originated in 1870 in a mission to the new district of Colney Hatch by the assistant curate of the church built seven years previously in Southgate.^[4] In 1873 it became a consolidated chapelry in parts of Southgate and Friern Barnet parishes, with the vicar of Southgate as patron.^[4] Attendance on census Sunday 1903 was 206 in the morning and 265 in the evening.^[4] Services were held in a temporary building in Ely Place until a church was built on land between Betstyle Road (later High Road) and Woodland Road probably given by G. Knights-Smith, one of the largest subscribers.^[4] The foundation stone was laid in 1872 and the church, built of stone in the Early English style under the direction of George Gilbert Scott, was consecrated in 1873.^[4] It consists of chancel with north and south chapels and south bell turret and aisled nave.^[4] The fabric, severely damaged by bombing in 1944, was restored by R. S. Morris by 1957.^[4] A stone vicarage, built in Woodland Road opposite the church in 1878-80, was demolished in 1964. A parish hall was built to the north of the church in 1908.^[4]

In 1910 the more stridently protestant, Baptist United Reform church, Christ Church New Southgate & Friern Barnet was built.

The Catholic Church, Our Lady of Lourdes dates to the mid 20th century.^[9]