Redcar

Redcar

Redcar Beacon
Redcar
Redcar shown within North Yorkshire
Population 35,692 
OS grid reference NZ601252
• London 220 mi (350 km) SSE
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town REDCAR
Postcode district TS10
Dialling code 01642
Police Cleveland
Fire Cleveland
Ambulance North East
EU Parliament North East England
UK Parliament

Redcar is a seaside resort and town in North Yorkshire, England. The local council, a unitary authority, is Redcar and Cleveland. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it lies 7.5 miles (12.1 km) east-north-east of Middlesbrough on the North Sea coast. The combined population of the wards of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke and Zetland was 36,610 in the 2001 census decreasing to 35,692 in the 2011 census. It is part of the Teesside connurbation.

History

Redcar occupies a low-lying site by the sea; the second element of its name is from Old Scandinavian kjarr, meaning 'marsh', and the first may be either Old English rēad meaning 'red' or OE hrēod 'reed'.[1][2] Redcar originated as a fishing town in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham.[2] Until the mid-19th century it was a sub-parish of Marske-by-the-Sea—mentioned in the Domesday book.

In 1846 work was completed on the Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway, created to attract tourism and trade,[3] but like much of the Middlesbrough region, Redcar's real population expansion began with the discovery in 1850 of iron ore in the Eston area of the Cleveland Hills.[4] After the construction of Redcar Racecourse in 1875, Redcar prospered as a seaside town drawing tourists attracted by its eight miles of sands stretching from South Gare to Saltburn-by-the-Sea. Numerous ships have foundered off the Redcar coastline and many of their wrecks still exist.[5]

Redcar and Coatham piers

Plans for a pier were drawn up in 1866, but lay dormant until prompted by the announcement of plans to build a pier at Coatham in 1871.[4][6] Misfortune struck both piers soon after they were built.

Regent Cinema, at the location of Coatham Pier

Coatham Pier was wrecked before it was completed when two sailing ships were driven through it in a storm. It had to be shortened because of the cost of repairs and was re-opened with an entrance with two kiosks and a roller-skating rink on the Redcar side, and a bandstand halfway along its length. In October 1898 the pier was almost wrecked when the barque Birger struck it and the pier was thereafter allowed to disintegrate. A glass house for concerts was added to its remaining section and in 1928 was replaced by the New Pavilion theatre which became the Regent Cinema in the early 1960s. Comedian and entertainer Larry Grayson coined his catchphrase "Shut that Door!" while performing there, since the stage door was open to the cold North Sea breeze.[7] An anchor from the Birger can be seen on the sea front pavement opposite the Zetland Lifeboat Museum.

Disaster struck Redcar Pier in the 1880s and 1890s when a series of ships broke through it. In October 1880 the brig Luna caused £1,000 worth of damage. On New Year's Eve 1885 SS Cochrane demolished the landing stage.[4] In 1897 the schooner Amarant went through the pier and in the following year the pier head and bandstand burned down.[4] In 1907 a pavilion ballroom was built on the pier behind the entrance kiosks and in 1928 it was extended.[6] The pier was deliberately breached (sectioned) in 1940 to prevent its use by enemy invasion forces.[6] As a result of sectioning, damage by a mine explosion and deterioration it was never reconnected and instead allowed to become even more dilapidated.[8] The pavilion continued in use after the war but storm damage led to it being declared unsafe and it was demolished in 1980–1981.[2][4]

Zetland lifeboat

The Zetland is the world's oldest surviving lifeboat. It was built by Henry Greathead of South Shields and is housed in a sea-front museum at Redcar. The museum is independent and operated by a dedicated group of volunteers.[9] The lifeboat was first stationed at Redcar in 1802.[10]

Governance

The town became part of the County Borough of Teesside in 1968 and was absorbed by the non-metropolitan County of Cleveland in 1974. After further changes Redcar is situated in the unitary authority of Redcar & Cleveland and in the Tees Valley region of the North East of England and also the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.

Politically, Redcar has supported the Labour Party in parliamentary elections, allowing the town to be categorised a safe seat.[11] From 1987 to 2001, the local MP was Mo Mowlam, from 2001 to 2010 the MP was Vera Baird. In the 2010 general election there was a swing to the Liberal Democrats with Ian Swales being elected. But, in the 2015 general election, Anna Turley, a Labour MP, won back Redcar. In the surprise 2017 general election, Anna Turley held onto that seat.

Local council

The town comprises four wards: Coatham, Newcomen, West Dyke and Zetland. In addition, the suburbs of Dormanstown and Kirkleatham are two wards.[12] On 5 May 2011 Redcar elected its councillors to Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council.[13] There was a by-election on 18 November 2011 for two vacant seats in the Zetland ward, held onto by the Liberal Democrats,[14] and on 19 January 2012 there was a by-election for a vacant seat in Newcomen ward subsequently gained by Labour from the Liberal Democrats.[15] In May 2017, Redcar, along with the rest of the newly formed Tees Valley Combined Authority, voted for their first mayor of the area, with the Conservative candidate, Ben Houchen, winning.

Geography

Today Redcar is made up of numerous areas, including Coatham, Warrenby, Dormanstown, Lakes Estate (a council estate), Redcar East, The Ings, Ings Farm, Mickledales and Westfield.

Economy

The town's main employers in the post-war era were the nearby Teesside Steelworks at Warrenby, founded by Dorman Long in 1917, and the ICI Wilton chemical works. The steel produced at Dorman Long was used to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Tyne Bridge, Auckland Harbour Bridge and many others. Both the Warrenby and Lackenby sites became part of Tata Steel when Corus was taken over in 2007, but continued to trade under the Corus name until at least February 2008. SSI bought the plant from Tata Steel in February 2011, for £320 million.

After a two-year hiatus following the mothballing of the plant in February 2010, steel was once again being made at Redcar. The Thai owners of the former Corus Plant at Lackenby, Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI), re-ignited the blast furnace, one of the largest in Europe, on 15 April 2012.[16]

On 18 September 2015, production was paused due to the decline in steel prices.[17] On 28 September 2015, the plant was "mothballed" amid poor steel trading conditions across the world and a drop in steel prices.[18] On 2 October, the owner of the site, SSI UK, entered liquidation. On 12 October 2015 the administrator announced that there was no realistic prospect of finding a buyer and the ovens would be extinguished.

There is a small inshore fishing fleet in Redcar catching lobster, crab and fish, and offering fishing trips to tourists. As high tide at Redcar now comes up to the sea wall, fishing cobles are permitted to park up with their trailers on a broad section of sea front pavement.

Tourism, leisure and amenities

History

After the opening of the Middlesbrough to Redcar Railway in 1846[19] Redcar became a regular destination for Victorian tourists. Each year people from the North Riding of Yorkshire, Leeds and Scotland visited Redcar for their holidays.

From the 19th century to the present day Redcar has featured donkey rides – owned by the Burnistons established locally in antiques and jewellery, scrap metal, mechanics and wool. In the 1970s there were also pony rides, pony trap rides and roundabouts, swings, a helter skelter and trampolining on the beach; the roundabouts and swings were run by showman Victor Vernon and his family who still have rides on the promenade.

The Stray and cafe
Sea Front
Redcar Beach

The sand beach at Redcar stretches approximately 8 miles (13 km) from south-east to north-west. In the north-west the beach runs past Coatham to South Gare breakwater at the mouth of the River Tees. To the south-east the sand beach is bordered by the Stray from Redcar's Zetland Park to Marske-by-the-Sea and then continues on to Saltburn. The Stray is a 2-mile (3 km) long public open strip of coastal grassland situated between the beach and the A1085 road characterised by a series of howles (small chines) leading from the grassland to the beach. The Redcar coastline is a major location for finding fossils of Gryphaea, also known as devil's toenails. The main pedestrianised shopping area is based on and around High Street and runs parallel to the sea front's Esplanade.

Amusement arcades have existed at Redcar since the building of the Redcar Pier in 1873, and today the arcades are to be found along the Esplanade.

Redcar is home to Redcar Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) station which was founded in 1802, making it one of the oldest lifeboat stations in the UK. The station has since been moved to newer premises adjacent to the original centre, with the older station now a dedicated lifeboat museum, which displays the oldest lifeboat in the world. The RNLI host an annual Lifeboat Day to raise money, in which thousands of spectators gather at the sea front to watch a lifeboat and helicopter display. Redcar RNLI have recently been featured on the BBC programme Saving Lives at Sea, which follows the work of the men and women of the RNLI.

Zetland Park, eastern entrance
Parks

The town has had several parks built for tourism: Coatham Enclosure, Locke Park, Zetland Park, Lily Park, and Amusement Park with its roller coaster. The Amusement Park closed decades ago, and a further small sea front park known locally as Titty-Bottle Park no longer exists as such and in its place on the triangular plot of land on the Esplanade is a red and blue, brick built toilet block and tourist information centre.

Nightlife

Clock in the pedestrianised part of High Street

As a seaside town, Redcar has long had a number of public houses, bars and nightclubs. On High Street is The Blue Lounge, Martha's Vineyard, the Livery, and the Plimsoll Line.[20] The seafront and Esplanade establishments include Aruba, the Deck, and Angels—a lap dancing club. Redcar is also home to many pubs, micropubs and cocktail bars.

Northern Quarter

Redcar’s Northern Quarter is becoming known for its range of artisan and boutique shops, as well as an array of cocktail bars and micropubs. Redcar’s first micropub, Rita’s Pantry, was opened at 1 The Esplanade on 27 November 2015. Station Road is regarded as the epicentre for the Quarter, and is home to the Gypsy Rover and the cocktail bars Pitcher House, La Rum Bar and No. 5 Wine Bar. The Primrose Bell Market, Redcar’s alternative market, was launched on 23 December 2017. Following in the footsteps of Middlesbrough’s trendy Orange Pip Market, Primrose Bell hosted a variety of stalls and street food vendors, as well as live music by popular local bands.

Live music

Redcar has a good reputation for live cover bands which perform regularly on The Circuit. Venues such as the Cleveland Hotel and O’Grady’s are very popular hosts of live music and promise to be alive with energy and entertainment every weekend. Details of gigs are available in monthly-published booklet The Link, which also advertises live performances from Middlesbrough, Saltburn, Guisborough and beyond.

Sea Front Redevelopment

In 2010 plans for a new vertical pier, an art gallery (the Hub) and a redesign the sea front were put to the people of Redcar & Cleveland Borough.[21] The plans were accepted and construction started in 2011.[22] A group named the Redcar Pier Association formed in 2011, and campaigned for a traditional, horizontal pier.[23]

In September 2012 the name of Redcar Beacon was chosen. Other suggested names that made it to the final were : Crow's Nest, Jubilee Pier, Lemon Top Tower, or Mo's Lookout, Mowlam's Beacon in Tribute to the MP for Redcar Mo Mowlam. Redcar Skelter, Saltscar Tower, Vertical Pier. In 2013 it was nominated for the Building Design Carbuncle Cup for worst new building. It came third in the whole of the UK.[24]

In December 2015, the Beacon was damaged by winds from Storm Desmond, with several large pieces of panelling falling onto the beach below. It was also damaged in winter 2016, where a panel from the top fell off in a storm.[25]

Landmarks

There are about twenty three listed buildings in Redcar.[26] At the west end of High Street is a Grade II listed clock tower,[27] a memorial to King Edward VII who was a regular visitor to Redcar. The tower has now been refurbished.

On the sea front stands the Victorian building of the former Coatham Hotel.[28][29] The ballroom of the hotel was home to the Redcar Jazz Club, a venue for the up-and-coming bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Also on the sea front is the Grade II listed Zetland Lifeboat Museum.[30]

To the east of Redcar is the listed Church of St Peter, designed by Ignatius Bonomi and built 1822–28.[31]

In the south-east of Redcar is an aircraft listening post built in 1916 during the First World War as part of a regional defence system to detect approaching aircraft, principally Zeppelins, and give early warning. It is an example of an acoustic mirror, of which other examples can be found along the east coast of Britain. The mirror was used up until the invention of radar and although it was built on open fields today a modern housing estate now surrounds it. Only the concrete sound mirror remains and is now a Grade II listed building.[32][33]

Transport

Redcar has three railway stations, on the Tees Valley line served by Northern. From west to east, they are Redcar British Steel, with a very limited service just for steel workers; Redcar Central, serving the town centre, and Redcar East about a mile to the south-east serving the residential area (unofficially) named after the station which is popular with families.

There has been local speculation about the development of a new station serving the expanding residential area known as the Ings, supposedly situated between Redcar East and Longbeck in Marske-by-the-Sea, but so far no firm plans have been agreed.[34]

On weekdays, trains run approximately every half-hour in each direction, towards Saltburn eastbound and Middlesbrough, Darlington and Bishop Auckland westbound. There are also two early morning through trains to Newcastle that run via Darlington and on to the East Coast Main Line via Durham and Chester-le-Street. Trains are less frequent in the evenings and at weekends.

The main roads through the town are the A1085 and the A1042, with the A174 bypassing. Redcar is served primarily by Arriva North East buses, connecting Redcar with the surrounding towns and villages of Middlesbrough, Guisborough, Eston, Marske-by-the-Sea, New Marske and Saltburn-by-the-Sea.

The Pangea North and CANTAT-3 submarine telecommunication cables both come ashore between Redcar and Marske-by-the-Sea.[35]

Education

The town's college is Redcar & Cleveland College.

The town's secondary schools are: Redcar Academy, Sacred Heart Secondary Catholic Voluntary Academy and Rye Hills School. There are eleven primary schools in Redcar: Coatham, Dormanstown, Green Gates, Ings Farm, John E Batty, Lakes, Newcomen, Riverdale, St Benedict's, Wheatlands and Zetland.

Sport

Redcar is home to Redcar Racecourse, a racecourse for thoroughbred horse racing.

There is also a motorcycle speedway racing team, the Redcar Bears racing in the Premier League. The race track is at the South Tees Motorsport Park in Southbank Street, South Bank and is unusual in that one bend is more highly banked than the other.[36] The team was formerly captained by 1992 World Champion Gary Havelock and is managed by his father Brian. A junior team known as the Cubs also race in the Conference League. Redcar Rugby Union Football club plays at Mackinlay Park.[37]

In Coatham in the west of Redcar is Cleveland Golf Club, the first golf club to be formed in Yorkshire and one of the few links courses in the county.[4] Also in Coatham is Redcar Cricket Club[4][38] and Redcar Running Club.[39]

Notable people

The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne came to Redcar on 26 July 1859 in search of peace and quiet while he worked on the manuscript of The Marble Faun.[40] Hawthorne's house, formerly known as the Hawthorne Cafe, stands at the junction of High Street and King Street. Gertrude Bell, colonial administrator and colleague of Lawrence of Arabia spent her youthful years at Red Barns House in Coatham,[41] Previously the Red Barns Hotel and a listed building, which now stands empty but is being considered as a museum to Bell.[42][43] The surviving negatives of Redcar photographer Alfred Edward Graham (1882–1945) were acquired by Redcar Urban District Council's Library and Museum Committee and are now held by the Redcar and Cleveland Museum Service.[44]

Rex Hunt, governor of the Falkland Islands during the 1982 invasion by Argentina, attended Coatham School. The late Minister for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, represented Redcar in the House of Commons.[45]

Film and television actors and actresses Pip Donaghy,[46] June Laverick, and Wendy Hall, and actor/director/producer Robert Porter were all born in Redcar.[47] Actor and radio actor Felicity Finch, famous for her part in the Archers BBC Radio 4 drama series, playing Ruth Archer, was also born and grew up in Redcar.

Singer David Coverdale, lead singer with Deep Purple and Whitesnake lived in Redcar as a youth and worked in the Gentry clothes shop on Coatham Road.[48] Chris Norman, founder member and former lead singer of Smokie was born in Redcar.[49] Pete York, drummer with the Spencer Davis Group and session drummer was born in Redcar.[50]

Paralympian, Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson, originally from Wales, lived in Redcar for a number of years with her husband and daughter.[51] 2011 and 2016 UCI Downhill World Champion Danny Hart was born in and currently lives in Redcar, he is frequently nicknamed "The Redcar Rocket" by commentators.[52] Robbie Stockdale, ex Middlesbrough footballer and now first team coach of Premier League side Sunderland was born in Redcar.[53] David Wheater, Bolton Wanderers and England national football team central defender, grew up and still lives in Redcar.[54] Snooker player Mike Dunn was born in Middlesbrough but lives in Redcar.

Cultural references

Atonement (film)

A location from the film Atonement

In 2006, Redcar was used as a location for the film adaptation of the Ian McEwan novel Atonement. The Coatham Hotel, Regent Cinema, a section of Newcomen Terrace and part of the beach were dressed as 1940s Dunkirk. Filming took place across three days in August 2006, with local men playing the soldiers.[55][56]

The Secret Millionaire (TV programme)

In 2010, Redcar was featured on the Channel 4 programme The Secret Millionaire. David Jamilly a humanitarian, philanthropist and self-made millionaire, visited the Redcar community and gave £25,000 to Zoë's Place for a sensory room, £25,000 to Redcar Amateur Boxing Club to start an Olympic fund, and £25,000 to Sid's Place for special counselling.

There was a subsequent visit on 14 May to a screening at Redcar's cinema, attended by the mayor and mayoress along with all the charities and people involved. The feature of the documentary involved the closure of the nearby Corus steelworks as well as the charities. On 9 December 2011, Jamilly opened the new Redcar Education Development centre in Park Avenue, Redcar. The centre provides day care for adults with learning difficulties. He also opened the Redcar Primary Care Hospital on 9 December 2011 and the new Sid's Place on 15 December 2011.

The Mighty Redcar (TV programme)

The town was filmed for the 2018 BBC documentary The Mighty Redcar. The four-part series followed young people from Redcar and surrounding towns as they completed their studies and looked for work.[57]

Notes

1. ^ Combined population of the wards of Zetland, Kirkleatham, Coatham, Dormanstown, West Dyke and Newcomen in 2011 Census. This excludes the Mickledales housing estate but includes the nearby villages of Kirkleatham and Yearby.

References

  1. ↑ Simpson, David (2009). "Yorkshire Place-Names P to S". Yorkshire. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 Fiona (29 April 2009). "History of Redcar". Gazette Live. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  3. ↑ "The Stockton and Darlington Railway". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011. ; "Railways and Waggonways in Cleveland". Waggonways in North East England. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "People & Places". redcar.org. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  5. ↑ "Redcar Rocks". Dive Norway. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 Delplanque, Paul (31 October 2008). "The End of the Pier Show". Gazette Live – Remember When. Evening Gazette. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  7. ↑ "this is Redcar & Cleveland History of the Regent Cinema". Redcar-cleveland.gov.uk. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "Youngsters delve deep to help uncover secrets of the sea". The Northern Echo. 13 August 2003. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  9. ↑ "The Zetland Lifeboat Museum enters a new era". RNLI. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  10. ↑ "Welcome - Zetland Lifeboat Museum and Redcar Heritage Centre". Zetland Lifeboat Museum and Redcar Heritage Centre. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  11. ↑ "Vera Baird loses Redcar to the Liberal Democrats". BBC News. BBC. 7 May 2010.
  12. ↑ "Redcar & Cleveland Ward Map". Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
  13. ↑ "Election Results for May 2011". this is Redcar and Cleveland. Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  14. ↑ Frankland, Richard (17 November 2011). "Election of Councillors for Zetland" (PDF). Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  15. ↑ Frankland, Richard (20 January 2012). "Election of a Councillor for Newcomen" (PDF). Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  16. ↑ "Blast furnace at former Corus Redcar steel plant relit". BBC News. BBC. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012. ; "Welcome to the British Steel Collection". British Steel Collection. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  17. ↑ "SSI Redcar steel plant production 'paused'". BBC News. BBC. 18 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  18. ↑ "SSI Redcar steel plant mothballed, costing 1,700 jobs". BBC News. BBC. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  19. ↑ Ellison, M.H. "The Stockton and Darlington Railway". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  20. ↑ "Pubs in Redcar Postal District". Pubs Galore. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  21. ↑ "Show of support for multi-million pound Redcar revamp". BBC News. 12 July 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  22. ↑ "Plans for Redcar's vertical pier approved". BBC News. BBC. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  23. ↑ "Support floods in for traditional pier in Redcar". Gazette Live. Teesside: Evening Gazette. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  24. ↑ Smith, Oliver (19 August 2013). "Britain's ugliest new buildings named". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  25. ↑ "Storm Desmond hits UK". BBC News. BBC. 5 December 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  26. ↑ "Conservation and Listed Buildings – Redcar". Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  27. ↑ "Redcar Town Clock". Communigate. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  28. ↑ "The Coatham Hotel 1905". Communigate. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008. ; Garratt, Mick. "Former Coatham Hotel". Geograph. Archived from the original on 28 April 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  29. ↑ "Town Clock". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  30. ↑ "Royal National Lifeboat Institute Zetland Lifeboat Museum and Attached Wall, Redcar". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  31. ↑ "Church of St Peter, Redcar". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  32. ↑ Grantham, Andrew. "Redcar sound mirror". Sound mirrors. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  33. ↑ "Listening Post 330 Metres of Wheatlands Farmhouse, Redcar". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  34. ↑ Swales, Ian (2011). "My hon. Friend's intervention...: 24 May 2011: Westminster Hall debates". TheyWorkForYou. Tees Valley Rail Transport. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  35. ↑ Twigg, Chris (9 October 2008). "CANTAT-3 and Pangea North Landing Point". Hidden Teesside. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  36. ↑ "Visitor Guide 2012.pdf" (PDF). 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  37. ↑ "Redcar Rugby Union Football Club". Pitchero. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  38. ↑ "Redcar Cricket Club – RCC". Play-Cricket. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  39. ↑ "Welcome to Redcar Running Club". Redcar Running Club. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  40. ↑ Hawthorne, Julian (1884). "Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife, Volume II, Chapter 6 Rome to England". Eldritch Press. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
  41. ↑ Proud, Keith (6 April 2005). "Queen of the desert". The Northern Echo's History Pages. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
  42. ↑ Pat Yale, Gertrude of Arabia: the great adventurer may finally get her museum, The Guardian, 9 August 2016.
  43. ↑ "Red Barns House and Red Barns Hotel, Redcar". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  44. ↑ "Historical Photos". Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
  45. ↑ Langdon, Julia (19 August 2005). "Obituary: Marjorie Mowlam". Guardian. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  46. ↑ "Pip Donaghy". IMDb.com. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  47. ↑ "Place of Birth Search". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  48. ↑ "David Coverdale". Wearsideonline.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  49. ↑ "Chris Norman (I)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
  50. ↑ "The Spencer Davis Group". geocities.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  51. ↑ "Dame Tanni Grey Thompson DBE". Creating Excellence. Archived from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
  52. ↑ "UCI MTB World Championship | UCI MTB World Championship 2016 | Val di Sole, Italy". Red Bull TV. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  53. ↑ "Sunderland's Sam Allardyce predicts bright future for coach Robbie Stockdale". Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  54. ↑ Taylor, Louise (21 March 2008). "Wheater swaps nights at the bingo for the bright lights of England". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  55. ↑ Hencke, David (24 May 2006). "Redcar scrubs up for starring role in film version of Atonement". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2009. ; "This Month I'm Going Snap Happy on the Atonement Sets". CommuniGate. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007.
  56. ↑ "Redcar". Gazette Live. Teesside: Evening Gazette. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  57. ↑ "The Mighty Redcar: Review – a moving depiction of town's struggles". The Northern Echo. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
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