List of recognized higher education accreditation organizations

This is a list of recognized higher education related accreditation organizations. The list includes agencies and organizations that play a role in higher education accreditation and which are recognized by the appropriate governmental authorities.

International

The International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) is a global association of quality assurance organizations, both governmental and non-governmental. It was founded in 1991 with 8 member organizations and now has over 280.[1] It defines its role as "to promote and advance excellence in higher education through the support of an active international community of quality assurance agencies".[2] Its membership list is available online.[3]

The United States-based Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) (a non-governmental organization) maintains an International Directory which "contains contact information about 467 quality assurance bodies, accreditation bodies and Ministries of Education in 175 countries. The quality assurance and accreditation bodies have been authorized to operate by their respective governments either as agencies of the government or as private (nongovernmental) organizations."[4]

Europe

The European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) disseminates information, experiences and good practices in the field of quality assurance (QA) in higher education to QA agencies, public authorities and higher education institutions in the European Higher Education Area.[5] It is a membership organization, comprising 51 agencies in 28 countries,[6] and was established in 2000 following a recommendation from the Council of the European Union in 1998.[7]

The European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education (EQAR) was established by ENQA, the European Students' Union (ESI), the European University Association (EUA) and the European Association of Institutions in Higher Education (EURASHE) – the European representative bodies of quality assurance agencies, students, universities and other higher education institutions – to increase the transparency of quality assurance in higher education across Europe. EQAR publishes and manages a register of quality assurance agencies that substantially comply with the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG) to provide the public with clear and reliable information on quality assurance agencies operating in Europe. The register is web-based and freely accessible.[8]

ENIC - NARIC comprises all countries of Europe (including the Holy See and thus all Pontifical Universities worldwide) as well as Australia, Canada, Israel, the United States of America and New Zealand.[9] The website also provides information on the higher education systems of the member countries and the accreditation agencies

To implement the Lisbon Recognition Convention and, in general, to develop policy and practice for the recognition of qualifications, the Council of Europe and UNESCO have established the ENIC Network (European Network of National Information Centres on academic recognition and mobility). The Council of Europe and UNESCO/CEPES jointly provide the Secretariat for the ENIC Network. The ENIC Network cooperates closely with the NARIC Network of the European Union. The Network is made up of the national information centres of the States party to the European Cultural Convention or the UNESCO Europe Region. An ENIC is a body set up by the national authorities. While the size and specific competence of ENIC may vary, they will generally provide information on: - the recognition of foreign diplomas, degrees and other qualifications; - education systems in both foreign countries and the ENIC’s own country; - opportunities for studying abroad, including information on loans and scholarships, as well as advice on practical questions related to mobility and equivalence.

The NARIC (National Academic Recognition Information Centre) network is an initiative of the European Commission and was created in 1984. The network aims at improving academic recognition of diplomas and periods of study in the Member States of the European Union (EU) countries, the European Economic Area (EEA) countries and Turkey. The network is part of the Community's Lifelong Learning Programme (LLP), which stimulates the mobility of students and staff between higher education institutions in these countries. All member countries have designated national centres, the purpose of which is to assist in promoting the mobility of students, teachers and researchers by providing authoritative advice and information concerning the academic recognition of diplomas and periods of study undertaken in other States. The main users of this service are higher education institutions, students and their advisers, parents, teachers and prospective employers. The NARICs were designated by the Ministries of Education in the respective countries, but the status and the scope of work of individual NARICs may differ. In the majority of States, institutions of higher education are autonomous, taking their own decisions on the admission of foreign students and the exemption of parts of courses of study programmes that students may be granted on the basis of education undertaken abroad. As a result, most NARICs do not take a decision, but offer on request information and advice on foreign education systems and qualifications.

Finland

Universities may be founded or accredited only by an Act of Parliament.[10] Vocational universities may be accredited by the Government of Finland, and governed through the Ministry of Education.

Germany

The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany (Kultusministerkonferenz or KMK) was founded in 1948 by an agreement between the states of the Federal Republic of Germany.[11] Among its core responsibilities, the KMK ensures quality development and continuity in tertiary education.[12] Bachelor and Master programs must be accredited in accordance to a resolution of the Kultusministerkonerenz.[13]

The German Council of Science and Humanities (Wissenschaftsrat) was founded on September 5, 1957, and conducts institutional accreditation of private and religious universities since 2001.[14]

The Foundation for the Accreditation of Study Programs in Germany or Accreditation Council (Akkreditierungsrat) was created in a KMK resolution on October 15, 2004.[15] The Accreditation Council certifies accreditation agencies and establishes guidelines and criteria for program and system accreditation.[16] There are currently ten certified agencies.[17]

  • AHPGS – Accreditation Agency for Study Programs in Special Education, Care, Health Sciences and Social Work
  • AKAST – Agency for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Canonical Study Programs
  • ACQUIN – Accreditation, Certification and Quality Assurance Institute
  • AQAS – Agency for Quality Assurance by Accreditation of Study Programs
  • AQ Austria – Agency for Quality Assurance and Accreditation Austria
  • ASIIN – Accreditation Agency for Degree Programs in Engineering, Informatics/Computer Science, the Natural Sciences and Mathematics
  • evalag – Evaluation Agency Baden-Württemberg
  • FIBAA – Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation
  • OAQ – Swiss Center of Accreditation and Quality Assurance in Higher Education
  • ZEvA – Central Evaluation- and Accreditation Agency

These agencies accredit programs of study for Bachelor and master's degrees and quality management systems (system accreditation) from state or state recognized Higher Education institutions in Germany and abroad.[18] AKAST only accredit programs of study.

Spain

In Spain, ANECA or Agencia Nacional de la Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation) is the authorised national body responsible for the quality of the Spanish high education system.[19] It was created as a foundation in 2002 by the Cabinet of Spain under the Organic Law of Universities.

United Kingdom

Under the Education Reform Act 1988 it is illegal to offer a degree or qualification that implies it is a degree, unless the institution offering it is authorised by a Royal Charter or by or under an Act of Parliament, or is acting on behalf of an institution so authorised, or the award has been specifically designated by order of the Secretary of State.[20] The government maintains lists of "recognised bodies" that have the right to grant UK degrees,[21] and of "listed bodies" that offer courses validated by a recognised body and leading to degrees of that body.[22] UK institutions offering courses leading to degrees are subject to quality assurance by the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA).[23] The QAA is a member of INQAAHE and ENQA.[3][6] Higher Education Degree Datacheck is the official service for validating British degrees and authenticating universities.

Professional degrees may be accredited by professional, statutory and regulatory bodies to ensure they meet the educational standards for professional licensure; a list of accrediting bodies recognised by the government is maintained by the Higher Education Statistics Agency.[24][25]

For non-degree qualifications, including courses at the higher education level, there are four public accrediting bodies for the four countries of the United Kingdom. These are:

All qualifications accredited by these bodies will have a level and a credit value on the Regulated Qualifications Framework (England and Northern Ireland), the Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales, or the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework. Bodies with accredited qualifications, such as City & Guilds, may themselves accredit education providers to deliver courses leading to these qualifications.

There are, additionally, four bodies offering institutional accreditation for private colleges that are recognized by the UK government for visa purposes:[26]

Additionally, the Open and Distance Learning Quality Council (ODLQC) was established by the government in 1969 as the Council for the Accreditation of Correspondence Colleges and took its current name in 1995. It is now an independent body that accredits home study, distance learning and online learning providers.[31]

Switzerland

EduQua - Swiss quality label for further education institutions

It is the Swiss national quality assurance body and the first Swiss quality label geared towards adult continuing education founded in 2000. EduQua is an accreditation body recognized and supported by the Swiss Confederate Government.

Ghana

The Independent Security Council (ISC), Ghana Medical Association (GMA), Pharmacy Council, General Legal Council (GLC) are the most notable and recognised professional bodies in Ghana. Though the GMA and GLC may effectively represent the government of Ghana, the Independent Security Council is the official non-governmental Body established with the mandate to provide security training; award and accredit security programs. Unlike the GMA and GLC, the Independent Security Council academically partner with universities with security-focused departments with the aim of offering such universities courses to local citizens.

Other government recognised professional Bodies like Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET), Engineering Council of Ghana, National Board for Professional and Technician Examination, and National Council for Tertiary Education are mandated with level of regulatory status in specific fields of respective practices.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications (HKCAAVQ) conducts accreditation under an ordinance that took effect on 1 October 2007.[32] The former Hong Kong Council for Academic Accreditation was replaced by this new authority. The HKCAAVQ maintains a list of accredited programs[33] and programs accredited by the HKCAAVQ also may be entered into Hong Kong's Qualifications Register.[34]

India

Universities in India are created constitutionally, through government action. Institutions "which are not established under either Central or State or UGC Act" are labeled "fake universities/vishwavidyalayas" and lack authority to grant degrees.[35]

Recognition or accreditation of courses of study is under the authority of a set of professional councils established by statute and other autonomous coordinative or regulatory bodies established or recognized by the University Grants Commission:[36]

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) is a statutory body to accredit academic programs provided by educational institutions providing post secondary or higher education and facilitate the accreditation and articulation of qualifications.

There are also some other recognized organizations who regulate their specific technical fields, which includes:

  • Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM)[39]
  • Malaysian Medical Council (MMC)[40]
  • Malaysian Dental Council (MDC)[41]
  • Pharmacy Board Malaysia[42]
  • Malaysian Chinese Medical Associations (MCMA)[43]
  • Federation of Chinese Physicians and Acupuncturists Associations Malaysia (FCPAAM)[44]
  • Malaysia Nursing Board[45]
  • Malaysian Veterinary Council (MVC)[46]
  • Malaysian Homeopathic Medical Council (MPHM)[47]
  • Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM)[48]
  • Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia (BQSM)[49]
  • Malaysian Bar Council[50]
  • Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA)[51]
  • Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia (CTIM)[52]
  • Financial Planning Association of Malaysia (FPAM)[53]
  • Asian Institute of Chartered Bankers (AICB)[54]
  • Malaysian Association of Company Secretaries (MACS)[55]
  • The Malaysian Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (MAICSA)[56]
  • Board of Valuers, Appraisers & Real Estate Agents Malaysia (LPPEH)[57]
  • The Society of Logisticians, Malaysia[58]

Nepal

Universities in Nepal are established through government action. Four current universities, Four being established universities and Three other technical institutes are recognized by the government body "University grants commission".[59][60]

Other than that, the Council For Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT), established in 1989, by the Government of Nepal is the national autonomous apex body of Technical and Vocational Education and Training regulation. There are also some other recognized organizations who regulate their specific technical fields. They are:

  • Nepal Engineering Council[61]
  • Nepal Nursing Council[62]
  • Nepal Medical Council[63]
  • Nepal Pharmacy Council[64]
  • Nepal Bar Council[65]

New Zealand

The New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA).[66]

Nicaragua

A university in Nicaragua (public or private) can only be established with evaluation and approval (authorisation) by the National Council of Universities (CNU Consejo Nacional de Universidades) as precursor to being founded by Act of Parliament. Such recognised universities enjoy the full Anglo-Saxon-style autonomy and require no programme accreditations. The National Council of Evaluation and Accreditation (CNEA) is the quality assurance agency. All recognised universities must participate in the quality assurance programme including mandatory auto-evaluation and reporting to CNEA, and may pursue deliberate institutional accreditation by CNEA or an accreditation agency recognised by CNEA. However, CNEA accreditation does only apply to already recognised universities and does not substitute the required CNU authorisation (first accreditation).[67]

Pakistan

In 2003, Canada began helping Pakistan develop an accreditation system. As stated in "Ordinance No. LIII of 2002, Para 10, Clause e", the Higher Education Commission (HEC) may set up national or regional evaluation councils or authorize any existing council or similar body to carry out accreditation of institutions including their departments, facilities and disciplines by giving them appropriate ratings.

United Arab Emirates

United States

Regional accreditors

Regional accreditation map

There are six regional accreditors involved in higher education accreditation in the United States.[84]

Additionally, the Board of Regents of the State of New York is recognized as an accreditor for degree-granting institutions of higher education in the state that designate the agency as their sole or primary accrediting agency.[85] New York is the only state that is eligible to be federally recognized as an accreditor under a grandfather clause in federal law that allows recognition for state agencies if they were recognized as accreditors before October 1, 1991.[86] Through a 1984 Charter with the Board of Regents of the State of New York, the New York State Association of Independent Schools provides accreditation for New York independent schools that are pre-K through 12th grade.

National accreditors

The national accreditors get their name from their common (but not universal) practice of accrediting schools nationwide or even worldwide.

Programmatic accreditation

These accreditors typically cover a specific program of professional education or training, but in some cases they cover the whole institution. CHEA maintains a list of recognized US programmatic accreditors[92] and the U.S. Department of Education similarly maintains a list of Specialized Accrediting Agencies, covering both programmatic and faith-based accreditors.[93]

National faith-based accreditors

There are four recognized nationwide faith-based accrediting bodies in the United States, all also recognised by the U.S. Department of Education.[84]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Recognition by USDE under review as of April 2018 following court reversal of December 2016 decision to remove recognition.[88][89][90]

References

  1. ↑ "Presentation". INQAAHE. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  2. ↑ "Mission". INQAAHE. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 "Full Members". INQAAHE. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  4. ↑ "CHEA International Directory". CHEA. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  5. ↑ "ENQA | European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education". Enqa.eu. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  6. 1 2 3 "Members". ENQA. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  7. ↑ "ENQA History". ENQA. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  8. ↑ "EQAR: Home". Eqar.eu. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  9. ↑ "Enic-Naric". Enic-Naric. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  10. ↑ "FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 24.7.2009/558". Finlex.fi. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  11. ↑ Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany, Foundation and Composition
  12. ↑ Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany, Qualitätssicherung im Hochschulbereich
  13. ↑ Kultusministerkonferenz. Ländergemeinsame Strukturvorgaben gemäß § 9 Abs. 2 HRG für die Akkreditierung von Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen. October 10, 2003, amended September 18, 2008
  14. ↑ Council of Sciences and Humanities, Function Archived April 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  15. ↑ Resolution of the Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany of December 16, 2004. Agreement on the Foundation "Foundation: Accreditation of Study Courses in Germany." Archived March 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Accreditation Council, Mission Statement
  17. ↑ Accreditation Council, Accreditation Agencies
  18. ↑ Accreditation Council, Accreditation of Programs
  19. ↑ "ANECA". Aneca.es. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  20. ↑ "Education Reform Act 1988, sections 214 to 217". Opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  21. ↑ "Check if a university or college is officially recognised: recognised bodies". Gov.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  22. ↑ "Check if a university or college is officially recognised: listed bodies". Gov.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  23. ↑ "About us". Quality Assurance Agency. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  24. ↑ "Accreditation information table". Higher Education Statistics Agency. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  25. ↑ "Professional, Statutory and Regulatory Bodies (PSRBs) and professional accreditation of undergraduate programmes". Higher Education Statistics Agency. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  26. ↑ "Immigration Rules part 3: students". UK Home Office. 3 January 2017. A57B(c)(ii). Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  27. ↑ "Affiliates". ENQA. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  28. ↑ "Management and structure". British Council. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  29. ↑ "Accreditation". British Council. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  30. ↑ "ABLS Accreditation: The Accreditation Body for Language Services". ABLS. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  31. ↑ "The Open & Distance Learning Quality Council". ODLQC. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  32. ↑ "Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications". Hkcaa.edu.hk. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  33. ↑ "List of Programmes Accredited by the HKCAAVQ". Hkcaavq.edu.hk. 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  34. ↑ Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  35. ↑ Press Release Precautions against "Fake Universities/Vishwavidyalayas" (PDF) (F.No-7-3/97(MPC)), University Grants Commission, December 2011, retrieved 2015-03-07
  36. ↑ "Higher Education in India". Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  37. ↑ Archived June 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  38. ↑ "AICTE to revamp its approval system next week". Business-standard.com. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  39. ↑ "The Official Website of Board of Engineers Malaysia". Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Official Portal of Malaysian Medical Council". Malaysian Medical Council (MMC). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  41. ↑ "Malaysian Dental Council (MDC) :: Majlis Pergigian Malaysia (MPM)". Malaysian Dental Council (MDC). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  42. ↑ "Pharmacy Board | Pharmaceutical Services Divisions". Pharmacy Board Malaysia. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  43. ↑ "Official Portal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division". Malaysian Chinese Medical Associations (MCMA). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  44. ↑ "首页 | 马来西亚中医师暨针灸联合总会 | FCPAAM". Federation of Chinese Physicians and Acupuncturists Associations Malaysia (FCPAAM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  45. ↑ "Official Portal of Nursing Division, Ministry of Health". Malaysia Nursing Board. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  46. ↑ "Malaysian Veterinary Council (MVC)". Malaysian Veterinary Council (MVC). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  47. ↑ "MPHM - Malaysian Homeopathic Medical Council". Malaysian Homeopathic Medical Council (MPHM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  48. ↑ "Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia". Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  49. ↑ "BQSM - Official Portal of Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia". Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia (BQSM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  50. ↑ "Malaysian Bar Council". Malaysian Bar Council. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  51. ↑ "Malaysian Institute of Accountants". Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  52. ↑ "Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia". Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia (CTIM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  53. ↑ "FPAM - Financial Planning Association of Malaysia". Financial Planning Association of Malaysia (FPAM). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  54. ↑ "AICB". Asian Institute of Chartered Bankers (AICB). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  55. ↑ "MACS | Malaysian Association of Company Secretaries | Persatuan Setiausaha Syarikat Malaysia". Malaysian Association of Company Secretaries (MACS). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  56. ↑ "Chartered Secretaries Malaysia (MAICSA)". The Malaysian Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (MAICSA). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  57. ↑ "LPPEH – The Board of Valuers, Appraisers and Estate Agents Malaysia". Board of Valuers, Appraisers & Real Estate Agents Malaysia (LPPEH). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  58. ↑ "Welcome to LogM". The Society of Logisticians, Malaysia. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  59. ↑ "University Grants Commission". Ugcnepal.edu.np. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  60. ↑ "Academic Mobility and the Education System of Nepal - WENR". Wenr.wes.org. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  61. ↑ "Nepal Engineering Council". Nec.gov.np. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  62. ↑ "Nepal Nursing Council". Nnc.org.np. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  63. ↑ "NMC". NMC. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  64. ↑ "Nepal Pharmacy Council". Nepal Pharmacy Council. 2007-05-10. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  65. ↑ "Welcome to Nepal Bar Council, Nepal". Nepal Bar Council. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  66. ↑ "Home". NZQA. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  67. ↑ "CNU.::.CONSEJO NACIONAL DE UNIVERSIDADES". cnu.edu.ni. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  68. ↑ http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/externalQA/PLA/Pages/By-Accreditation-Councils.aspx
  69. ↑ http://nacte.org.pk/#/main
  70. ↑ http://naeac.org
  71. ↑ http://www.nbeac.org.pk
  72. ↑ http://www.nceac.org
  73. ↑ http://www.ntc-hec.org.pk
  74. ↑ http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/externalQA/PLA/Pages/By-Accreditation-Councils.aspx
  75. ↑ http://pakistanbarcouncil.org
  76. ↑ http://pcatp.org.pk
  77. ↑ https://www.pharmacycouncil.org.pk
  78. ↑ http://www.pec.org.pk
  79. ↑ http://www.pmdc.org.pk
  80. ↑ http://pnc.org.pk
  81. ↑ http://pvmc.org.pk
  82. ↑ http://nchpakistan.gov.pk
  83. ↑ http://www.nct.gov.pk
  84. 1 2 "Recognized Accrediting Organizations" (PDF). Council for Higher Education Accreditation. August 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  85. ↑ "College Accreditation in the United States- Pg 7". Ed.gov. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  86. ↑ "Why States Shouldn't Accredit @insidehighered". Insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Regional and National Institutional Accrediting Agencies". U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  88. ↑ "Education Department Establishes Enhanced Federal Aid Participation Requirements for ACICS-accredited Colleges" (Press release). United States Department of Education. December 12, 2016. Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  89. ↑ Adam Harris (25 March 2018). "Federal Judge Hands a Victory to Embattled Accreditor". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  90. ↑ Betsy DeVos (Education Secretary) (3 April 2018). "In the matter of Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools" (PDF). USDE.
  91. 1 2 "National Career-Related Accrediting Organizations 2016-2017". Directories. Council for Higher Education Accreditation. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  92. ↑ "Programmatic Accrediting Organizations 2016-2017". Council for Higher Education Accreditation. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  93. 1 2 3 4 "Specialized Accrediting Agencies". U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  94. ↑ "How NCARB Differs From Other Organizations". National Council of Architectural Registration Boards. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  95. ↑ "Resources". Environmental Health Officer Professional Advisory Committee. U.S. Public Health Service. Policies and Standards. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  96. ↑ "State Bar of California, CBE, "Title 4. Admissions and Educational Standards, Division 2. Accredited Law School Rules"". Calbar.ca.gov. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
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