List of human-powered aircraft

This is a list of human-powered aircraft.

Type Country Date Class Designer / builder Notes
Abhilasha HPANetherlands2009Jesse van Kuijk
AerocicloplanoItaly1906Aldo Corazzo
AerocicloplanoItaly1907Luigi Teichfuss
AeroVelo AtlasCanada2013HelicopterTodd Reichert; Cameron Robertson13 June 2013 winner of American Helicopter Society Igor I. Sikorsky Human-Powered Helicopter Challenge $250,000 prize with 64-second controlled flight from rest reaching 3.3 m above ground.
Airglow HPAUK1990John and Mark McIntyre
Bauer BirdUSA1973Ted Bauer
BetterflyUK2009David Barford950m max distance. Capable of 120deg turn. Very stable and easy to fly
Bionic BatUSA1983Paul MacCready Jr.Two Kremer speed challenges won, doing 1500 M in 163.28 seconds 18 July 1984 and 143.08 seconds, 2 December 1984.
Bird OrnithopterUKOrnithopterBryn BirdTwo prototypes built, but no record of any flights.
Bliesner 1 to 3USA1978Wayne T. Bliesnerunsuccessful precursors to Bliesners more successful efforts. No.3 crashed during towed flight attempts.
Bliesner 4USA1979Wayne T. Bliesner100 yards.
Bliesner 5USA1980Wayne T. Bliesner1 mile, crashed during testing.
Bliesner 6USA1980Wayne T. Bliesnera few hops, crashed during testing.
Bliesner 7USA1981Wayne T. Bliesner300 yards.
Boffin-CoffinNew Zealand1988WaltherFlight trials were unsuccessful, eventually abandoned after persistent ground-handling damage and a violent gust of wind entering the hangar where the aircraft was stored.
BURDUSA1972BiplaneMassachusetts Institute of Technology'Biplane Ultralight Research Device'
BURD IIUSA1974BiplaneMassachusetts Institute of Technology'Biplane Ultralight Research Device II'
Chrysalis HPAUSA1979Parks, Youngren & Massachusetts Institute of Technology40 pilots, some inexperienced.
Chyeranovskii BICh-18USSR1937Only known to have been launched as a glider with the wing mechanism locked, but flown at least once with the wings operated by the pilot after a launch as a glider.
Cochkanoff HPAUSSR1974Cochkanoff
CT-2.2 RockHopper2Japan2005Yoshiyasu Hirano / CoolthrustFlew over 18 km at the 29th Japan international Birdman Rally in 2005 piloted by Sosuke Tanaka.
Czerwinski HPACanada1967CzerwinskiA two-seater with twin propellers built in Ottawa, but no record of any flights.
Daedalus 87USA1987Drela / Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT Daedalus Project.
Daedalus 88USA1988Drela / Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT Daedalus Project.
DaSH PAUSA2015Alec Proudfoot[1]
Da Vinci IIUSA1988HelicopterCalifornia Polytechnic State University
Da Vinci III[2]USA1989HelicopterCalifornia Polytechnic State University8-second flight not controlled by pilot.
Dragonfly HPAScotland1975Roger Hardyshort flights
Druiff-Neate CycloplaneUK1909built by Messrs. C.G. Spencer & Co.
Dumbo-MercuryUK1971P.K. Green, W.F.Ball and M.J. Rudd / Weybridge MPAGOriginally nickname 'Dumbo' at Weybridge. When taken over by John Potter at RAF Cranwell, it was renamed Mercury.
Dumoulin tracteur pour la navigation aérienneFrance1904BiplaneDumoulinA human powered circular winged biplane with Archimedean screw propellers turned by hand.[3]
DUT Icarus 001NetherlandsDelft University of Technologywith the Movement Science Faculty of the University of Maastricht.
Egret IJapan1973Kimura / Nihon University37 yards.
Egret 2Japan1974Kimura / Nihon University222 yards.
Egret 3Japan1974Kimura / Nihon University
Farman Aviette HPAFrance1912
Flycycle1974
Frost Emmett HPANew Zealand1970sJohn Frost / University of AucklandRevisited 1984
Gamera HPHUSA1972HelicopterUniversity of Maryland
Gamera II HPHUSA2012?HelicopterUniversity of Maryland
Gerhardt CycleplaneUSA1923MultiplaneFlight Test Section at McCook Field20-foot (6.1 m) hop.
Gokuraku TomboJapan1986Team AeroscepsySeveral HPAs built by the team are called the same name.
Two Japanese records set under the FAI rules, 4437m (May 1992) and 10881m (Aug. 2003)
the 22nd Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR) HPA section won, 23688.24m *the first HPA reached at opposite shore (northwest shore) of Lake Biwa from start point at east shore.
the 30th JIBR HPA-Time trial section won.
Piloted by Hironori Nakayama.
Gossamer AlbatrossUSA1978Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter LissamanKremer Prize for first cross-channel flight, 12 June 1979. Two records set, both superseded: 35.82 km straight distance [4] and 2h 49mn Duration. [5]
Gossamer Condor (Pasadena version)USA1976Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter LissamanOne short hop only, in the car park of the Pasadena Rose Bowl.
Gossamer Condor (Mojave version)USA1976Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter Lissaman(Mojave version)
Gossamer Condor (Shafter airport version)USA1977Paul MacCready Jr. & Peter LissamanKremer Figure-Eight Prize 23 August 1977.
HV-1 MufliGermany1935Helmut Haessler & VillingerMUSKELFLUG INSTITUT (Institute of Muscle-Powered-Flight)

At the Gesellschaft Polytechnic, Frankfurt, director - Oskar Ursinus - 779 yards from bungee launch.

HVS HPAGermany1982Hutter/Villinger/Schuleoperated in 20 mph winds.
Hardy HPARoger Hardy
Hartman HPOUK1958Emiel Hartman
Hill Flying WingHill
Hurel Aviette HPAFrance1974Maurice Hurel
HYPER-CHick "KoToNo Limited"Japan1992Toshiaki Yoshikawa / Team Active GalsFirst female flight in Japan on 5 July 1992, with Kotono Hori as pilot.

119.45 m (130.190 yards) / 22.98 seconds

Ibis HPAJapan1978Nihon Universityfurther development of the Jupiter - Stork line.
Icarus HPA-1USA1977Taras Kiceniuk Jr.Longest flight of 30 seconds at Shafter Airport.
Jupiter HPAUK1972Christopher Roper1171 yards, 30 lb payload
Kiceniuk IcarusTaras Kiceniuk
Linnet IJapan1966Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University47 yards, height 9 feet.
Linnet IIJapan1967Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University100 yards, height 5 feet.
Linnet IIIJapan1970Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University34 yards.
Linnet IVJapan1971Prof. Kimura / Research Institute of Science and Technology, Nihon University66 yards.
Lippisch 1929 Man-Powered OrnithopterGermany1929OrnithopterAlexander LippischFlown by Hans Werner Krause.
LiverpuffinUK1972Dr Keith SherwinBuilt from the remains of the Puffin II by students from Liverpool University led by Dr Keith Sherwin.
Malliga I HPAAustria1967Josef Malliga[6]
Malliga II HPAAustria1972Josef Malliga[6]
Man-Eagle 1USA1982Wayne T. Bliesnershort flights a.k.a. 'Bliesner 8'.
Man-Eagle 3USA1983Wayne T. BliesnerKremer Speed Course.
Man-Eagle 4USA1985Wayne T. Bliesner
Maruoka Man-Powered Screw-Wing MachineJapan1902Katsura Maruoka[7]
MayflyUK1985Brian Kerry
McAvoy MPA-1USA1962James M. McAvoyGeorgia Tech.
Michelob Light EagleUSA1986Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology37 miles. Onboard test equipment.
Micron HPAUK1976Peter Wright
MiLan'81Japan1981Naito / Nihon University645 yards.
MiLan'82Japan1982Naito / Nihon University1800 yards.
Monarch AUSA1983Drela / Massachusetts Institute of Technology29 flights.
Monarch BUSA1983Drela / Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFirst Kremer Speed Prize.
Möwe6-BJapan1989Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)First Japanese record set under the FAI rules.
Distance: 3708.23m (Mar. 1990)
Möwe20Japan2002Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)the 27th Japan International Birdman Rally(JIBR) HPA section won, 34654.10m *pilot was not exhausted but took water by organizer direction because the HPA reached end of flyable area (southwest side of Lake Biwa) (Jul. 2003) - straight distance record in JIBR.
Japanese record set under the FAI rules. 11874m / 46min 40s (Aug. 2004). Piloted by Kai Hirawata.
Möwe21Japan2003Nihon University Aero Student Group (NASG)Japanese records set under the FAI rules. 49172m/ 1h 48m 12s (6 Aug. 2005). Current Japanese records. Piloted by Nariyuki Masuda.
Mozi HPAChina2009OXAI Aircraft Company / Mao Yiqing
Musculair IGermany1984Günther Rochelt & SchoberlTwo different prizes; first passenger.
Musculair IIGermany1985Günther Rochelt & SchoberlKremer Speed Prize.
Newbury ManflierUK1979Nick GoodhartTwo-seater with separate pods; pilot control tasks shared.
NextzJapan2009Team 'F'Winner of 33rd Japan International Birdman Rally HPA-Time trial section.
First Japanese record of speed under the FAI rules: 1500m in 3-minutes 15-seconds = 27.69 km/h (22 Oct. 2012). As of 2012 current Japanese record.
Nieuport Aviette 1921France1921
Northrop Institute of Technology HPAUSA1972Malcolm Smith / NITtwo-seater; not completed.
PedalianteItaly1937Enea Bossi & Vittorio Bonomi? 40 unaided flights?
Pelargos 2Switzerland1983Horlacher/Mohlin/Dubs1100 yards.
Pelargos 3Switzerland1985Horlacher/Mohlin/Frank875 yards.
Perkins Inflatable HPAUSA1959InflatableDaniel PerkinsPrecursor to the Reluctant Phoenix.
Phillips Mk.1 HPAUK1976 ?Ron PhillipsFirst female pilot.
Phillips Mk.2 HPAUK1976 ?Ron PhillipsTwo-seater.
Polniak LP Deadal-1[8]Poland1972Leon Polniak
Polniak LP Deadal-2[8]Poland1975Leon Polniak
Posniak HPAItaly1936B. Posniak
Poulain/Farman AvietteFrance1921Gabriel Poulain / Farman
Privett HPAUSAPrivett
PSU ZephyrusUSAPennsylvania State University
Puffin 1UK1961Wimpenny, Vann & Hatfield Man Powered Aircraft Club993 yards.
Puffin 2UK1965Wimpenny, Vann & Hatfield Man Powered Aircraft Club875 yards, height 17 feet, turns.
Raven ProjectUSA2001Paul Illian
RayJapan2008Tohoku University Windnauts (HPA club at Tohoku University)Winner of 32nd Japan International Birdman Rally (JIBR) HPA-Distance section. 36 km round-trip; 18 km one-way (longest distance under the rules at the time). Piloted by Wataru Nishiwaki; round trip distance record in JIBR.
Reluctant PhoenixUK1950'sInflatableDaniel PerkinsThe culmination of Daniel Perkins' attempts to build a viable inflatable human-powered aircraft; flown inside the R100 airship hangars.
Rickman umbrella wingUK1909Rickman
Royal SpoonbillUK1983Robert Le Johnno-Johnson / NZHPFGNever completed due to a redesign after being vandalised.
Sato Maeda SM-OX
Seehase MD-2Germany1937Hans Seehase
Singapore University Man powered Aircraft 1
Singapore University Man powered Aircraft 2		SingaporeSingapore University students / Dr Keith SherwinOf the two projects only one flew.
SM-OXJapan1969Hiroshi Sato, Kenichi Maeda / Fukuoka Daiichi Highschool Department of Aeroengine31 yards, height 6 feet.
Snowbird HPOCanada2010University of Toronto
Stewart HPOsUK1959OrnithopterAlan Stewartseveral unsuccessful human-powered ornithopters built between 1959 and 1979.
Stork AJapan1976J. Ishii / Nihon University651 yards - Re-designed Jupiter from the UK.
Stork BJapan1976J. Ishii / Nihon University2290 yards.
SUMPACUK1961Ann Marsden, Alan Lassiere & David Williams / Southampton University Man-powered Aircraft CommitteeFirst independently observed unaided flight. Flown by Derek Piggott.
Swift AJapanNaito / Nihon University
Swift BJapanNaito / Nihon University
To Phoenix Inflatable HPAUK1982InflatableFrederick E. To / Air-Plane Co. Ltd.[9]
Toucan 1UK1972Pressnell / Hertfordshire Pedal AeronautsTwo-seater; Bryan Bowen & Derek May.
Toucan IIUK1974Pressnell / Hertfordshire Pedal Aeronauts
Ursinus 1925 HPAGermany1925Oskar Ursinus
Vélair 89Germany1989Peer Frank3390 yards
Vertigo HPHUK1987Andrew CranfieldHuman-powered helicopter; achieved short hops, but transmission problems slowed development.
Vine HPASouth Africa1962S.W. Vine200 yards - One flight only at Krugersdorp, Transvaal, South Africa.
VMM HPABelgium1974Verstralte/Masschelin/MasschelinHeights of 15 ft at Calais-Marck airport due to Belgian authorities refusing permission to fly.[8]
White Dwarf blimpUSA1984AirshipBill WatsonBuilt for the comedian Gallagher, and seen in Showtime special Over Your Head. Set records in airship categories BA-1 through BA-10 for Distance (93.36 km)[10] and Duration (8h 50mn 12s.)[11][12]
Wright HPAUK1972Peter Wright300 yards at 4 feet - elevator not used.
Yuri I HPHJapan1994HelicopterAkira Naito, Nihon Aero Student Group (NASG)
Zaschka Human-Power AircraftGermany1934Engelbert Zaschka
Zephyrus βJapan1997Ochanomizu Human-powered aircraft study groupJapanese female record set under the FAI rules, 1004.25m / 3min. 3sec. (16 Nov. 1997). Piloted by Chihiro Muraoka - current Japanese female records.
Zinno Olympian ZB-1USA1976Lt.Col. Joe Zinno, USAF (Ret.)First controlled flight in Americas [Bernhard C. F. Klein, USA, millpab=aol.com, 05.07.2008

This pedal-powered "aircraft" was designed and built by Lt.Col. Zinno, USAF (Ret.) On his fourth try on April 21, 1976, at Quonset Point, Rhode Island, Joe Zinno barely got off the ground for a few seconds. The machine was damaged in a hangar by a gust of wind coming in the open door.

References

  1. ↑ Clay Lambert (2015-12-07). "Aviation enthusiasts pedal human power". Half Moon Bay Review.
  2. ↑ FARLEY, SHANNON (7 December 1989). "Pedal Power : Cal Poly Uses Bicyclist to Get Human-Driven Helicopter Off the Ground" – via LA Times.
  3. ↑ Opdycke, Leonard E. (1999). French Aeroplanes before the Great War. Atglen: SchifferPublishing Limited. ISBN 0 7643 0752 5.
  4. ↑ http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=392
  5. ↑ http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=393
  6. 1 2 Keimel, Reinhard (1980). Propeller-Luftfahrzeugkonstruktionen seit 1945 (1. Aufl. ed.). Graz: H. Weishaupt Verlag. ISBN 3-900310-02-5.
  7. ↑ Mikesh, Robert and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London: Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-840-2
  8. 1 2 3 Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1975). Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1975-76 (66th annual ed.). New York: Franklin Watts Inc. p. 171. ISBN 978-0531032503.
  9. ↑ Taylor, John W. R.. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982-83. Jane's Publishing Company. London. 1983. ISBN 0-7106-0748-2
  10. ↑ http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=449
  11. ↑ http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=439
  12. ↑ http://library.propdesigner.co.uk/white_dwarf.pdf

Bibliography

  • Mikesh, Robert and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London: Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-840-2.
  • Taylor, John W. R.. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982-83. Jane's Publishing Company. London. 1983. ISBN 0-7106-0748-2.
  • Reay, David Anthony. The History of Man-Powered Flight. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977. ISBN 0-08-021738-9.

Further reading

  • Chris Roper's online book Human Powered Flying
  • Prop designer
  • Vélair
  • - Snowbird
  • - Yuri human-powered helicopter - YouTube video
  • - human-powered ornithopter
  • - Snowbird
  • - video of first flight for the Snowbird
  • - Gamera human-powered helicopter
  • de:HV-1 Mufli
  • - Snowbird
  • - Coolthrust Japan
  • - Snowbird
  • - Gossamer Condor
  • - Mozi video
  • - Mozi drawings, photos etc.
  • - Mozi article


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