List of countries by research and development spending
This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.
List
Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]
Rank | Country/Region | Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$, PPP), |
% of GDP PPP | Expenditures on R&D per capita (US$ PPP), |
Year | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 511.1 | 2.744% | 1,586.35 | 2016 | [2] | |
2 | 451.9 | 2.107% | 321.99 | 2016 | [2] | |
— | 388.3 | 2.03% | 764.3 | 2014 | [3] | |
3 | 165.7 | 3.147% | 1,297.39 | 2016 | [2] | |
4 | 118.8 | 2.94% | 1,450.17 | 2016 | [2] | |
5 | 91.6 | 4.292% | 1,518.47 | 2014 | [4] | |
6 | 66.5 | 0.85% | 39.37 | 2015 | [5] | |
7 | 60.0 | 2.256% | 905.8 | 2014 | [3] | |
8 | 44.8 | 1.701% | 692.9 | 2014 | [3] | |
9 | 42.6 | 1.187% | 290.21 | 2014 | [4] | |
10 | 38.4 | 1.17% | 177.89 | 2012 | [6][2][7] | |
11 | 33.7 | 3.1% | 1,383.84 | 2015 | [8][4] | |
12 | 27.4 | 1.287% | 452.14 | 2014 | [4] | |
13 | 25.7 | 1.612% | 723.5 | 2014 | [3] | |
14 | 23.3 | 2.12% | 986.86 | 2014 | [9] | |
15 | 19.2 | 1.222% | 413.46 | 2014 | [4] | |
16 | 16.3 | 1.973% | 967.8 | 2014 | [3] | |
17 | 15.3 | 1.007% | 198.36 | 2014 | [4] | |
18 | 14.2 | 3.161% | 1,468.1 | 2014 | [3] | |
19 | 13.1 | 2.967% | 1,647.90 | 2012 | [4] | |
20 | 12.7 | 4.3% | 1,361.56 | 2015 | [4] | |
21 | 12.4 | 2.465% | 1,102.9 | 2014 | [3] | |
22 | 11.9 | 3.1% | 1,416.14 | 2015 | [4] | |
23 | 11.6 | 1.004% | 301.06 | 2014 | [4] | |
24 | 10.6 | 1.3% | 344.3 | 2015 | [6] | |
25 | 10.0 | 2.186% | 1,831.7 | 2014 | [3] | |
26 | 9.0 | 0.941% | 237.57 | 2014 | [4] | |
27 | 8.2 | 3.085% | 1,450.2 | 2014 | [3] | |
28 | 7.2 | 3.174% | 1,318.0 | 2014 | [3] | |
29 | 6.3 | 1.997% | 600.04 | 2014 | [4] | |
30 | 6.2 | 0.68% | 73.18 | 2013 | [6] | |
31 | 5.8 | 1.710% | 1,123.9 | 2014 | [3] | |
32 | 5.0 | 0.588% | 129.09 | 2013 | [4][2][7] | |
33 | 4.8 | 0.732% | 92.25 | 2012 | [4] | |
34 | 4.28 | 0.70% | 470.7 | 2014 | [3] | |
35 | 3.6 | 1.519% | 779.4 | 2014 | [3] | |
36 | 3.6 | 1.285% | 347.84 | 2014 | [4] | |
37 | 3.6 | 0.39% | 52.67 | 2011 | [6] | |
38 | 3.4 | 1.371% | 343.01 | 2014 | [4] | |
39 | 3 | 0.76% | 73.7 | 2013 | [6] | |
40 | 2.7 | 0.73% | 373.09 | 2012 | [6] | |
41 | 2.4 | 0.835% | 216.72 | 2014 | [4] | |
42 | 2.4 | 0.29% | 13.29 | 2013 | [6] | |
43 | 2.0 | 0.08% | 8.09 | 2013 | [6] | |
44 | 1.8 | 1.172% | 400.99 | 2013 | [4] | |
45 | 1.8 | 0.25% | 60.01 | 2012 | [10][11] | |
46 | 1.6 | 0.24% | 31 | 2014 | [6][2][7] | |
47 | 1.54 | 0.38% | 87.39 | 2014 | [4][2][7] | |
48 | 1.5 | 2.386% | 712.63 | 2014 | [4] | |
49 | 1.5 | 0.73% | 47.59 | 2010 | [6] | |
50 | 1.5 | 0.383% | 75.62 | 2014 | [4] | |
51 | 1.4 | 0.886% | 250.55 | 2014 | [4] | |
52 | 1.3 | 0.47% | 698.50 | 2012 | [6] | |
53 | 1.12 | 0.67% | 118.44 | 2013 | [6] | |
54 | 0.87 | 0.21% | 9.91 | 2011 | [12] | |
55 | 0.83 | 0.30% | 214.16 | 2013 | [6] | |
56 | 0.81 | 0.65% | 112.15 | 2013 | [13] | |
57 | 0.8 | 0.44% | 49.90 | 2016 | [2][7] | |
58 | 0.79 | 0.61% | 9.08 | 2013 | [6] | |
59 | 0.78 | 0.68% | 72.83 | 2012 | [6] | |
60 | 0.76 | 0.95% | 245.36 | 2013 | [13] | |
61 | 0.7 | 1.256% | 1,252.7 | 2014 | [3] | |
62 | 0.7 | 0.81% | 166.75 | 2013 | [13] | |
63 | 0.7 | 0.73% | 97.86 | 2013 | [13] | |
64 | 0.7 | 0.12% | 9.08 | 2014 | [14] | |
65 | 0.67 | 0.17% | 39.24 | 2013 | [6] | |
66 | 0.53 | 1.5% | 399.24 | 2015 | [4] | |
67 | 0.48 | 0.11% | 5.4 | 2007 | [6] | |
68 | 0.4 | 0.12% | 12.94 | 2015 | [15][2][7] | |
69 | 0.33 | 0.21% | 35.98 | 2013 | [6] | |
70 | 0.28 | 0.6% | 136.8 | 2013 | [13] | |
71 | 0.28 | 0.48% | 8.27 | 2010 | [6] | |
72 | 0.28 | 0.47% | 61.55 | 2011 | [6] | |
73 | 0.27 | 1.891% | 831.2 | 2014 | [3] | |
74 | 0.26 | 0.17% | 73.66 | 2013 | [6] | |
75 | 0.24 | 0.34% | 69.88 | 2015 | [6][2][7] | |
76 | 0.18 | 0.23% | 4.74 | 2007 | [15] | |
77 | 0.16 | 0.07% | 4.13 | 2007 | [15] | |
78 | 0.13 | 0.48% | 150.82 | 2013 | [13] | |
79 | 0.12 | 0.44% | 55.99 | 2013 | [6] | |
80 | 0.12 | 0.33% | 31.73 | 2013 | [6] | |
81 | 0.11 | 0.85% | 270.78 | 2013 | [13] | |
82 | 0.08 | 0.15% | 7.29 | 2012 | [2][7] | |
83 | 0.07 | 0.25% | 37.01 | 2012 | [6] | |
84 | 0.07 | 0.23% | 25.40 | 2013 | [6] | |
85 | 0.07 | 0.09% | 122.2 | 2014 | [3] | |
86 | 0.06 | 0.35% | 16.44 | 2013 | [6] | |
87 | 0.06 | 0.100% | 45.2 | 2014 | [3] | |
88 | 0.06 | 0.13% | 9.13 | 2015 | [2][7] | |
89 | 0.05 | 0.16% | 14.73 | 2014 | [6] | |
90 | 0.03 | 0.38% | 55.75 | 2013 | [13] |
See also
References
- ↑ "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO. }
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- ↑ "2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST" (PDF).
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Science,technology and innovation". UNESCO. }
- ↑ Taiwan ranked 9th globally for R&D spending in 2015, The Central News Agency, 2017/07/19
- ↑ "Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- ↑ "2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
- ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
- ↑ vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
- ↑ "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائممقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا میزند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- 1 2 3 "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
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