List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls
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Cairo Citadel was first established by Saladin and later expanded by several rulers including Muhammad Ali Pasha. It is included in a World Heritage Site Historic Cairo.[1]
Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is one of the well preserved Egyptian castles.
Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of Castles, Citadels, Forts, Fortifications.
List by age
Pharaonic
Lower Egypt
- Fortification of Memphis[2]
- Fort of Walls of the Prince (inebw heka), Eastern Delta.[2]
- Fortress of Wadi Natrun, western Delta.[2]
- Rhakotis fort, Alexandria[3]
- Tahpanhes fort or Castle of the Jew's Daughter
- Heliopolis Fortifications.[4]
Middle Egypt
Upper Egypt
- Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications[2]
- Fortress of Abydos[2]
- Shunet ez Zebib forts near Abydos
- Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification[2]
- El-Kab fortifications[2]
- Thebes fortifications.[4]
Sinai
Western Desert
- Siwa Oasis fortification, Western desert of Egypt[12]
Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt
- QasrAllam fort
Nubia
Semna & Kumma forts view from west
- The ancient castle at Buhen[2][13][14]
- Fort of Kubban, Nubia[2]
- Semna fortification[2][15]
- Kumma fort[2][15]
- Aniba Fort[2]
- Uronarti fort[2][15]
- Mirgissa fort[2][15]
- Shalfak fort[2][15]
- Askut fort[2][15]
- Senusret I-III seventeen south fortresses.[2][15]
- Dabenarti fort[2][15]
- Faras Fort[2]
- Serra Fort.[2]
Shalfak fort plan
Persian
- Persian fort of Rhakortis, North coast
Greco-Roman
Cairo
Delta
- Naucratis Greek fort
Kharga Oasis
- Ain Umm Dabadib fort, Kharga Oasis.[18][19]
- El Deir fort, Kharga Oasis.[18][19]
- Qasr el Labeka fort, Kharga Oasis.[18][19]
- Qasr Sumaria fort, Kharga Oasis.[18][19]
- Qasr el Geb fort, Kharga Oasis.[18][19]
- Al-Haiz fort, Bahariya Oasis.[20]
- Nadura fort, Kharga Oasis [19]
- Qasr el-Ghueita fort, Kharga Oasis [19]
- Qasr el-Zayyan fort, Kharga Oasis [19]
Red Sea
Fayoum
- Temple of Stones fort, Fayoum.[21][25]
- Der el Memun, fort where Anthony the Great lived, across from Faiyum.
Lower Egypt
Sinai
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula (by Justinian I 548–565)[27]
North coast
- Alexandria fortifications [28]
- Taposiris Magna Fortress, Alexandria
Arabic
Cairo
- Cairo Citadel, Mukkattam, Cairo
- Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification[29]
- Gates of Cairo
- Al Fustat city walls[30]
Alexandria
Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
- Citadel of Qaitbay, Alexandria
- Fortification of Bab Rosetta, Alexandria [31]
- Qaitbey Citadel, Rosetta (known as Fort Julien)
Red Sea & Western desert
Sinai
Eastern desert
- Siwa oasis fort[40][41][42][43]
- Shali fortified village, Siwa Oasis.[44]
Modern Egypt
Alexandria & North coast
- Fort Julien, Rosetta Fort.
- Agami Fort, Alexandria (by French occupation) [45]
- Abu Qir Castle (was used by Mohammed Ali as a prison)
Western Desert
- Mersa Matruh Fortifications (1941 AD)[46][47]
- Sidi Barrani Fortifications (1941 AD) [48][49][50][51]
- Alam el Halfa Fortifications (1941 AD)[52][53][54]
- Sollum fortified base camp (1941 AD) [55]
- Halfaya Pass Fortification (1941 AD)[56][57][58]
- Bir-Hakeim fort (1942 AD) [59]
Sinai
- Al-Arish castle
- Sharm El-Sheikh fortification by Egypt (1954 AD) [60][61]
- Castle Zaman, Sinai [62]
Suez canal
- Adgerud castle, Suez.[6]
- Kolsum castle, Suez.[6]
- Bar Lev Line
Red Sea & Eastern Desert
- Green Island (Egypt) Fortification, Red Sea (1969 AD)
- Shadwan island fortifications, Red Sea (1960s AD)
List by areas & time
Western Desert
- Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where Egyptian blue was found
Alexandria
- Qaitbey Castle.
- Fort Pharos
- Fort Silsileh
- Fort Adda
- Fort Ras-el-Tin
- Fort Marabout
- Fort Adjemi
- Marza-el-Kana
- Citadel of Mex
- Fort Kamaria
- Fort Omuk Kebebe
- Fort Saleh Aga
Rosetta
Port Said
Damietta
Damietta fortification & Tower 1600s
- Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
- Urabi Fort.
- Old Damietta city wall & Fortifications.
Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels
- 13th century BC The Way of Horus coastel & Sinai forts.[2]
- 13th century BC Tharu castle.[2]
- 13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I), (Qatia area), Sinai.[7]
- 13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I), (Qantara area), Sinai [5][7]
- 13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai [63]
- 13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai [63]
- 13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai [63]
- 13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai [63]
- Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai[5][7][39]
- Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.[7]
- 200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax).[7]
- Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish.[7]
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
- 640 AD Farma (Pelusium) citadel.[7][33][37]
- 7th century AD Justinian's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium.[7]
- 7th century AD Garha Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai.[7]
- Unknown time Byzantine fort, qaseema, Hosna, Middle Sinai.[7]
- Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai.[7]
- 1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by Baldwin), Wadi Araba.[7]
- 1116 Ad Aiyla fort (by Baldwin), Aiyla city, Aqaba bay.[7]
- 1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by Baldwin), Aqaba bay.[7]
- 1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by Baldwin).[7]
- 1181 AD Aiyla Island Castle (by Ayyobids).[7]
- 1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai.[7]
- 1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin), Ras Sedr, Sinai.[7][33][34][35][36]
- 1184 AD Salah El-Din castle, Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.[7][33]
- 1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][33][37]
- 1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
- 1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
- 1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][33][37][38]
- 1799 AD Qatiyah Fort, West of sinai (by General Lograng of Napoleon Army).[7]
- 1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
- 1893 Nuweiba Castle.[7][33]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Hosna, middle Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel, Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Salah El Din Castle, South Sinai.[7]
- 1960s & 1970s Egyptian Defensive fortifications built by Egyptian Armed forces during the Attrition war on the Western bank of Suez canal & Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).[7]
- 1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai [62]
- Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, Hosna, North Sinai.[7]
See also
- Qasr (disambiguation)
- List of buildings
- List of fortifications
- List of castles
- List of forts
- List of walls
- List of cities with defensive walls
- List of established military terms (Engineering)
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References
- ↑ UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Ancient Egypt military architecture
- ↑ Alexander the Great
- 1 2 Tandamane works
- 1 2 3 Qantara East history
- 1 2 3 Niebuhr travels
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
- ↑ Large old Sinai fortress
- ↑ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
- ↑ Tharu fortifications
- ↑ Tharu castle thesis
- ↑ Siwa Oasis
- ↑ Buhen castle
- ↑ Ancient Egypt architecture
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Fort Babylon
- ↑ Babylon fort history & photos
- 1 2 3 4 5 Roman forts in Kharga Oasis
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kharga Oasis
- ↑ Bahariya Oasis Roman fort
- 1 2 3 Porphyrite
- ↑ Castellum of Badia
- ↑ Red Sea Roman fort
- ↑ Red Sea Roman fort wall
- ↑ Fayoum Roman fort
- ↑ Qena
- ↑ Egypt history
- ↑ Alexandria histories
- ↑ Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification
- ↑ Al Fustat city walls
- ↑ Alexandria history
- ↑ Quseir Fort
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 Al-Gindi fort
- 1 2 Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
- 1 2 Photos
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 North Sinai forts
- 1 2 Description of Nakhl Fortress
- 1 2 El Tina castle
- ↑ Siwa fot photo
- ↑ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
- ↑ Rain damage of Siwa fort
- ↑ Siwa old photos
- ↑ Siwa Oasis
- ↑ Alex history
- ↑ Marsa Matrouh
- ↑ Matruh Fortified position
- ↑ Italian invasion of Egypt
- ↑ Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Sidi Barani fortified camps
- ↑ 1.JmA - Compass
- ↑ North Africa battle
- ↑ Fortified Alam el Halfa
- ↑ Fortified Alam el Halfa
- ↑ Sollum Fortified camp
- ↑ Operation Crusader
- ↑ Battle of the Omars
- ↑ North Africa campagain
- ↑ le général Rommel
- ↑ sharm-al-shaykh
- ↑ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
- 1 2 Castle Zaman
- 1 2 3 4 http://www.elaph.com/ElaphWeb/Entertainment/2008/6/337325.htm
External links
- Fortifications, Police Beats, and Military Checkpoints in Ancient Egypt
- Military Architecture of Ancient Egypt
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