Italo-Dalmatian languages

Dalmatian Romance

• The Dalmatian language was spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia. It became extinct in the 19th century.
• The Istriot language is spoken in the southwestern part of Istrian peninsula in Croatia.

Tuscan

• Tuscan-Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of Tuscany, and the French island of Corsica.
  • Northern Tuscan dialects:
    • Florentine is spoken in the city of Florence, and was the basis for Standard Italian.
    • Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.
  • Southern Tuscan dialects:
    • Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.
  • Corsican, spoken on Corsica, is thought to be descended from Tuscan.^[4]
    • Gallurese and Sassarese, spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered either dialects of Corsican or Corso-Sardinian transitional dialects.

Italian

• Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City and western Istria (in Slovenia and Croatia). It used to have official status in Albania, Malta and Monaco, where it is still widely spoken, as well as in former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. The Italian language was initially and primarily based on Florentine: it has been then deeply influenced by almost all regional languages of Italy while its received pronunciation (known as Pronuncia Fiorentina Emendata, Amended Florentine Pronunciation) is based on the accent of Romanesco (Roman dialect); these are the reasons why Italian differs significantly from Tuscan and its Florentine variety.^[5]

Central Italian

• Central Italian, or Latin-Umbrian-Marchegian dialects: mainly spoken in the regions of: Lazio (which includes Rome); Umbria; central Marche; a small part of Abruzzo and Tuscany.
  • Romanesco, spoken in Rome and Lazio.
  • Castelli Romani: spoken in the Castelli Romani, in the Provence of Rome, Lazio.
  • Tuscia or Viterbo: spoken in the Province of Viterbo, Lazio.
  • Ciociaro: spoken in Ciociaria, in the Province of Frosinone, Lazio.
  • Umbrian: spoken in Umbria.
  • Central Marchigiano: spoken in central Marche.
  • Sabino: spoken in the city of L'Aquila (Abruzzo) and the Province of Rieti (Lazio).

Southern Italian

• Neapolitan language, or known in the "southern dialect group" is spoken in: southern Marche; southern Lazio; Abruzzo; Molise; Campania (including Naples); Basilicata; and the north of both Apulia and Calabria.
  • Campano dialects of Neapolitan, Irpino, Southern Laziale: spoken in Naples and Campania; and southern Lazio.
  • Abruzzese-Southern Marchigiano: spoken in the Abruzzo region and southern Marche region.
  • Molisan: spoken in the Molise region.
  • Basilicatine (Lucanian): spoken in the region of Basilicata, also known as Lucania.
  • Pugliese, or Apulian: spoken in the northern region of Apulia.
  • Cosentino, also known as or Northern Calabrian:^[6] spoken in the Province of Cosenza, in northern Calabria.
  • Lu indialett di lu Uašt Spoken in the town of Vasto.
• Sicilian language, or known in Italian linguistics as the "extreme southern dialect group", is spoken on the island of Sicily; and in the south of both Calabria and Apulia; and some of Campania.
  • Sicilian, spoken on the island of Sicily: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.
  • Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the Aeolian Islands; Pantesco, on the island of Pantelleria.
  • Calabro,^[6] or Central-Southern Calabrian:^[6] dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of Calabria.
  • Salentino, spoken in the Salento region of southern Apulia.
  • Southern Cilentan: spoken in Roccagloriosa and Rofrano in southern tip of Cilento, which is southern Province of Salerno, in the Campania region.
• Cilentan: spoken in Cilento, influenced by both Neapolitan language and Sicilian language.

In addition, some Gallo-Italic languages are spoken in Central-Southern Italy.

Venetian

• The Venetian language is sometimes added to Italo-Dalmatian when it is excluded from Gallo-Italic, and then usually grouped with Istriot.

Judeo-Italian

Judeo-Italian languages are varieties of Italian used by Jewish communities, between the 10th and the 20th centuries, in Italy, Corfu and Zante.