Irgen Gioro

Irgen Gioro
Irgen Gioro in Complete Genealogies of the Clans and Families of the Manchu Eight Banners
Manchu ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ
Transliteration Irgen Gioro（Möllendorff）
Ancestor Emperor Huizong and Qinzong of Song?
Origin Muki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.
Notables Asan
Arjin
Turusi
Isangga
Chang Shuhong
Branch Donggo
Bayara
Monggero
Laibu
Siburu
Chinese surname Zhao in majority

Irgen Gioro or IrgenGioro[1][2] (Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ; Möllendorff: irgen gioro) is a Manchu clan and family name, which was officially categorized as a "notable clan",[3] and member of the eight great houses of the Manchu nobility in Manchu Empire.[4][5][6][7][8][9] Sibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family name.[10][11]

History

The origin of Irgen Gioro does not have a decisive conclusion. According to a famous anecdote, the ancestors of Irgen Gioros were the emperors Huizong, Qinzong, and other royal family members of the Song dynasty who were captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.[12][13]

At the early period of Manchu Empire, Irgen Gioro were recorded as 340 households.[14] They mainly distributed in Muki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.[15] The whole clan had many famous hereditary noblemen in the empire, such as Viscount First Class Arjin and Asan of Muki; Viscount Third Class Turusi, Baron Second Class Fiyangū of Yehe and so on.[16] Among these noble families, Muki Irgen Gioros (also known as "Muki Gioro"[17]) was considered as the most politically influential one because of their important contribution to the Manchu Empire's establishment.[18] Irgen Gioros also earned numerous titles of minor nobility and 40 hereditary peers as captains (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡵᡠ
  ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ; Möllendorff: nirui janggin[19]) in Banner Armies.[20]

There were few instance of name change of the clan (e.g. The Manchu clan of Bayara, Monggero, Donggo, Laibu, and Siburu came from the Irgen Gioros who settled in these places.) at the early Qing Dynasty because of migration.[21] Due to the adoption of Chinese culture during the mid to late Qing dynasty, most of Irgen Gioros chose Zhao (simplified Chinese: 赵; traditional Chinese: 趙；Manchu: ᠵᠣᡠ; Möllendorff: Joo[22]), the first surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames, as their Chinese family name. It was according to the Chinese homophone and their anecdote of origin.[23][24][25] Other utilization of Chinese family names, such as Tong, Gu, Yi, Sa, Gong, Zhao (兆), Cao, Bao, Zhe, Xi, Yu, Ge, Ma, Gao, Hu, Bai, and Chen, are also reported.[26]

Notables

Nobles, Ministers, and Generals[27][28]
Muki
Asan: hereditary Viscount First Class
Arjin: Asan's cousin, hereditary Viscount First Class
Yehe
Turusi: hereditary Viscount Third Class
Fiyangū: hereditary Baron Second Class
Sunggari Ula
Gūbadai: hereditary Master Commandant of Light Chariot, Minister of Rites
Girin Ula
Jinšun: Ili General, earned a minor noble title of Knight Commandant of Cavalry and a warrior title of Tulgeci Baturu
Others
Gahašan Hashū: hereditary Knight Commandant of Cavalry, sister-in-law of Nurhaci.
G'ag'ai:[29] one of the main creators of Manchu alphabet
Isangga: Grand Secretariat of the Empire
Fulata: Viceroy of Liangjiang and Minister of Justice
Fusengge: Prince Consort, a grandson of Isangga and son-in-law of Prince Yinxiang
Royal ladies[30]
Lady Irgen Gioro: Nurhaci's Side Chamber Consort, mother of Prince Abatai and a princess
Lady Irgen Gioro: Nurhaci's Ordinary Consort, mother of Duke Babutai, Royal General Babuhai and three princess
Lady Irgen Gioro: Nurhaci's Ordinary Consort, mother of a princess
Lady Irgen Gioro: Hong Taiji's Ordinary Consort, mother of Duke Cangšu
Noble Consort Xun: Qianlong Emperor's Noble Consort
Imperial Concubine Rong: Xianfeng Emperor's Imperial Concubine
Female Attendant Ping: Xianfeng Emperor's Female Attendant
Modern
Chang Shuhong: the head of Dunhuang Research Academy

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ International Arts and Sciences Press 1982, p. 21
  2. ↑ 中国関係論說資料保存会 2004, p. 101
  3. ↑ Hungjeo 2002, p. 181
  4. ↑ Rawski 1998, p. 66
  5. ↑ Elliott 2001, p. 398
  6. ↑ Chen 1997, pp. 229–230
  7. ↑ Xu 1986, pp. 2144–2145
  8. ↑ Yang 1933, pp. 1–2
  9. ↑ Jooliyan 1980, p. 316
  10. ↑ Xibe Language Association of Xinjiang: Brief Introduction of Xibe Family Names (simplified Chinese)
  11. ↑ Zhao & Yao 1997, p. 76(Zhuyetie Various Notes)
  12. ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 5
  13. ↑ American Geographical Society of New York 1940, p. 116
  14. ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 380
  15. ↑ Hungjeo 2002, pp. 179, 180, 189, 190, 199, 200, 207, 208, 209
  16. ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 381–383
  17. ↑ 中国社会科学院近代史研究所政治史研究室 2011, p. 62
  18. ↑ Du 2008, p. 75
  19. ↑ Elliott 2001, p. 59
  20. ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 491–519
  21. ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 372, 373, 383, 384, 385
  22. ↑ Hu 1994, p. 876
  23. ↑ Jin, Jin & Ulhicun 1996, p. 207
  24. ↑ Jin 2009, pp. 118, 126
  25. ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 5, 381
  26. ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 381
  27. ↑ Zhao 1998, pp. 9198, 9249, 9254, 9449, 12618
  28. ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 381–384
  29. ↑ Kanda 1956, p. 752
  30. ↑ Zhao 1998, pp. 8900, 8901, 8905, 8930

Sources

  • American Geographical Society of New York (1940). Research Series, Volume 21. Oxford University Press.
  • Chen, Kangqi (1997). 郎潜纪闻初笔二笔三笔 (Langqian Notes 1st, 2nd and 3rd Edition). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017021. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Du, Jiaji (2008). 八旗与清朝政治论稿 (The Political Papers of Eight Banners and Qing Dynasty). Renmin Publishing House. ISBN 9787010067537. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Elliott, Mark C. (2001). The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804746842.
  • Hu, Zengyi (1994). 新满汉大词典 (A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary). Xinjiang People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787228024049. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Hungjeo (2002). 八旗满洲氏族通谱 (Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book). Liaohai Publishing House. ISBN 9787806691892. (in simplified Chinese)
  • International Arts and Sciences Press (1982). Chinese Studies in History, Volumes 14-15. International Arts and Sciences Press.
  • Jin, Guangping; Jin, Qicong; Ulhicun (1996). 爱新觉罗氏三代满学论集 (The Paper Collection of Three Generations of Aisin Gioro). Yuanfang Publishing House. ISBN 9787805951485. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Jin, Qicong (2009). 金启孮谈北京的满族 (Jin Qicong Talks About Beijing Manchus). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7101068561. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Jooliyan (1980). 啸亭杂录 (Xiaoting Various Records). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017519. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Kanda, Nobuo, ed. (1956). Manwen Laodang: Taizu. Tōyō Bunko. (in Japanese)(in Manchu)
  • Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. University of California Press. ISBN 052092679X.
  • Xu, Ke (1986). 清稗类钞 (Classified Collection of Qing Notes). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101010732. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Yang, Tonggui (1933). 沈故 (Old Story of Shenyang). Liaohai Book Company. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Zhao, Erxun (2009). 清史稿 (Draft History of Qing). Zhonghua Book Compary. ISBN 9787101007503. (in simplified Chinese)
  • Zhao, Li (2012). 满族姓氏寻人辞典 (Dictionary and Origin of Manchu Family Names) (in Chinese). Liaoning Nationality Publishing House. ISBN 9787549702862.
  • Zhao, Yi; Yao, Yuanzhi (1997). 簷曝杂记 竹叶亭杂记 [Yanpu Various Notes & Zhuyeting Various Notes] (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017489.
  • 中国関係論說資料保存会 (2004). 中国関係論說資料, Part 3 (Documentation of Chinese Relations, Part 3) (in Japanese). 中国関係論說資料保存会.
  • 中国社会科学院近代史研究所政治史研究室 (2011). 《清代满汉关系研究》 [A Study on Manchu-Han Relation in the Qing Dynasty] (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. ISBN 9787509725917.
Eight Great Clans of Manchu Nobility
Donggo | Gūwalgiya | Hoifa | Irgen Gioro | Magiya | Niohuru | Šumuru | Yehe
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