List of Hypericum species

Hypericum perforatum
H. perforatum, the type species of the genus
Hypericum calycinum
H. calycinum, a popular ornamental plant of the genus

The genus Hypericum contains approximately 500 species which are divided into 36 sections as described by botanist Norman Robson.[1] This division into distinct sections is largely due to the fact that a genus-wide monograph was performed by Robson in 1977, which allowed for a comprehensive breakdown of the genus's taxonomy.[2] A phylogenetic study was more recently completed for the genus, which gave evidence to suggest that the genus Triadenum is a clade within Hypericum and that the genus Thornea is sister to Hypericum. In addition, the study found that about 60% of the sections of Hypericum are monophyletic.[3]

Hypericum species can be found all over the world in temperate to tropical areas. The genus is most populous in China (~60 species) and Eastern Asia, as well as across Central Europe, Anatolia, and the Middle East.[4] The genus has also been introduced into various regions of the United States and Argentina.[5] The genus are generally found in dry, desert areas to being in shallow water, and can be found from warm temperate climates to cold temperate climates.[6]

Almost all species of Hypericum are either perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees, but the genus also contains a small amount of suffruticose and annual herbs.[2] Most of its species contain hypericin or pseudohypericin and some are used for their healing properties in folk medicine. The species' leaves are always placed opposite, and are normally decussate.[7] Their flowers are generally homostylous, but very few are dimorphically heterostylous. The petals are normally golden yellow or orange, but some are white or cream, and are veined dorsally. They have 4-5 stamen fascicles, 2-5 ovaries, and 2-5 styles. Some species grow capsular fruit which are colored red or blackish.[6]

Some Hypericum species are used as ornamental plants because of their large, spreading flowers.[8] These include H. aegypticum, H. androsaemum, H. calycinum, and H. olympicum. In addition, there are a number of hybrids and cultivars that have been developed for use in horticulture. Some notable cultivars are H. × moserianum, H. 'Hidcote', and H. 'Rowallane'. Several species are also used for their medicinal properties, especially their ability to alleviate mild clinical depression, by drawing out the oily extract from the flowers.[9] H. perforatum is the most potent out of all the species, and is the only species cultivated commercially for herbalism and medicine.[10]

Legend

Type species[11]
  Type species of section
  Type species of genus
Binomial The binomial name of the Hypericum species.
Authority The author's citation of the first person who described the species and/or the person who placed into the genus Hypericum
Type The type of plant that the species is described as
Habitat The type of area the species is generally located in
Distribution The country or region where the species is most densely found
Synonyms Other names for a species that are generally not accepted by the botanical community

Adenosepalum

Adenosepalum Spach is divided into four subsections: Adenosepalum, Aethiopica, Caprifolia, and the Huber-Morathii Group. These subsections contain eight, seven, eleven, and four species, respectively, giving the section Adenosepalum a total of thirty species. In addition, Adenosepalum contains two Nothospecies: H. × joerstadii and H. pubescens × tomentosum. H. annulatum has 3 distinct subspecies.

Description

Adenosepalum is made up of primarily perennial herbs, and also includes shrubs and shrublets. Its species grow to be approximately 2.5 meters tall, and are generally deciduous. Species in Adenosepalum are glabrous or have simple hairs, and almost always have dark black glands on their leaves, sepals, and rarely on their petals and stems. Their leaves are placed opposite and have no ventral glands. Their flowers are stellate or homostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 stamen fascicles, and 5 petals.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Adenosepalum
H. annulatum Moris Perennial herb Dry stony places, scrubs or grasslands Balkans, Saudi Arabia, East Africa None [12][13][14][15]
H. athoum Boiss. & Orph. Perennial herb Rock crevices in shade, among limestone Greece
  • H. sanctum Degen
 [16][12][13][17][18]
H. atomarium Boiss. Perennial herb Stony places, near streams, in shade Greece, Turkey, Portugal (Naturalized)
  • H. supinum Vis.
  • H. lanuginosum atomarium (Boiss.) Holub
  • H. hirsutum sensu Sibth. & Sm.
 [19][20][16][12][21]
H. cuisinii Barbey Perennial herb Unknown Europe
  • H. leprosiforme O. Schwarz
 [19][16][12][22]
H. delphicum Boiss. & Heldr. Perennial herb Rocks, in shade and near moisture Greece None [19][16][12][13][22]
H. lanuginosum Lam. Perennial herb Rocks, in shade and near moisture Middle East, Turkey, Cyprus
  • H. gracile
 [23][1][24][25][26]
H. montanum L. Perennial herb Woods, in thickets on gravelly soil Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, Iberia, Italy
  • Pale St. John's Wort
  • H. tauricum sensu hort.
 [19][13][17][27][28]
H. reflexum L.f. Shrub Damp walls/cliffs, by springs and streams Canary Islands
  • H. foliosum sensu Brouss. ex Webb & Berth.
 [29][30][31][14][32]
Subsection Aethiopica
H. abilianum N. Robson Subshrub Among grasses and low shrubs Angola
  • H. kiboense sensu. N. Robson
 [5][20][32][33][21]
H. aethiopicum Thunb. Perennial herb Open grasslands, bare areas Southern Africa None [34][32][33][35][36]
H. afrum Lam. Perennial herb Marshes, streamsides, moors Tunisia, Algeria
  • H. perforatum sensu Poir.
 [37][16][30][32][21]
H. conjungens N. Robson Shrub/subshrub Grasslands, grassy valleys, forest margins DRC, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
  • H. conjunctum N. Robson
  • H. milne-redheadii Gilli
  • H. sp. B sensu Milne-Redh.
 [23][32][21][38][39]
H. glandulosum Aiton Shrub Open rocky hillsides, among thickets Canary Islands, Madeira
  • Malfurada del Monte
 [29][40][22][41]
H. kiboënse Oliv. Shrub/Subshrub Upland grasslands, along streams Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania
  • H. conjunctum
 [42][43][22]
Subsection Caprifolia
H. caprifolium Boiss. Perennial herb Streamsides, flushes, shady places Spain
  • H. hirsutum Asso
 [19][16][12][14][32]
H. coadunatum Chr. Sm. Subshrub/Perennial herb Wet rocks Canary Islands None [29][30][14][32][41]
H. collenettiae N. Robson Subshrub/Perennial herb Shady rock crevices Saudi Arabia
  • H. sp. aff. sinaicum sensu Collen.
 [23][1][21][22]
H. naudinianum Coss. & Durieu Perennial herb Wet rocks, banks, waterfalls Morocco, Algeria
  • H. perfoliatum
 [42][32][40][22]
H. psilophytum (Diels) Maire Perennial herb Damp wadis margins Morocco, Algeria None [5][30][32][22]
H. pubescens Boiss. Perennial herb Damp ground, roadsides, waste habitats Southern Iberia, North Africa
  • H. aegusanum
 [19][20][44][32][40]
H. scruglii Bacch., Brullo & Salmeri Unknown Unknown Unknown None [42][22][45]
H. sinaicum Hochst. ex Boiss. Perennial herb Seepage areas, damp rocks Egypt, Arabian Peninsula
  • H. tomentosum sensu Decne.
 [42][30][26][22][46]
H. somaliense N. Robson Perennial herb Streamsides, in clay Somalia None [5][32][22]
H. tomentosum L. Perennial herb Marshy grasslands, stream margins Iberia, France, North Africa, Sardinia, Italy
  • H. lusitanicum
 [19][47][30][31][14]
Huber-Morathii Group
H. decaisneanum Coss. & Daveau Perennial herb In limestone rocks Libya
  • H. taubertii
 [42][16][30][32][22]
H. formosissimum Takht. Perennial herb In limestone rocks Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey
  • H. formosum Takht.
 [23][20][24][22]
H. huber-morathii N. Robson Perennial herb In limestone rocks Turkey None [48][49][30][22]
H. minutum P.H.Davis & Poulter Perennial herb In limestone rocks Turkey None [5][1][24][22]
H. sechmenii Ocak & O.Koyuncu Perennial herb In limestone rocks, hilly screes, steppe Turkey None [50][22][51][23]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × joerstadii Lid Intermediate shrub In cultivation only Canary Islands None [5][46][52][42][53]
H. pubescens × tomentosum Unknown Unknown In cultivation only Spain, Morocco, Algeria
  • H. tomentosum intermedium Coss. ex Willk. & Lange
 [6][54][55]

Adenotrias

Adenotrias (Jaub. & Spach) R. Keller contains three species: H. aciferum, H. aegypticum, and H. russeggeri. Its type species is H. russeggeri. It is not divided into any subsections. H. aegypticum has three subspecies: H. aegypticum aegypticum L., H. aegypticum maroccanum (Pau) N. Robson, and H. aegypticum webbii (Spach) N. Robson.[53]

Description

Adenotrias contains shrubs and shrublets. Its species can grow to be up to 2 meters tall. Its species are glabrous, but have no dark glands. Their leaves are lined and glandular, and are cortex green. Their flowers are almost tubular, and are heterostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 3 stamen fascicles.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. aciferum (Greuter) N. Robson Shrublet Among rocks Crete
  • Elodes acifera Greuter
 [5][46][19][16][12]
H. aegypticum L. Shrub/shrublet Among limestone rocks, along coasts North Africa, Greece, Sardinia
  • Egyptian St. John's Wort
  • Elodes aegyptica (L.) Y. Kimura
  • Triadenia microphylla Spach
 [56][44][57][58][59]
H. russeggeri (Fenzl) R. Keller Shrub/shrublet Among rocks Turkey, Syria
  • Adenotrias kotschyi Jaub. & Spach
  • Elodes russeggeri (Fenzl) Greuter
  • Triadenia russeggeri Fenzl
 [46][42][30][24]

Androsaemum

Androsaemum (Duhamel) Godron contains four species: H. androsaemum, H. foliosum, H. grandifolium, and H. hircinum. In addition, Androsaemum contains one Nothospecies: H. × inodorum. It is not divided into subsections. Its type species is H. androsaemum. One of its species, H. grandifolium, has five different subspecies. The section's species are often collectively referred to as Tutsan.

Description

Androsaemum contains shrubs that grow to be from 0.3-2 meters tall. Its species are deciduous and glabrous, but have no dark glands. Their leaves are opposite, decussate, free, and are a pale color. Every species has 20 flowers, branching out from 2 separate nodes, which are homostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 5 stamen fascicles.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. androsaemum L. Shrub Open woodlands Southern Europe, North Africa
  • Sweet-Amber
  • Androsaemum vulgare Gaertner
  • H. floridum Salisb.
 [60][61][62][63][59]
H. foliosum Aiton Shrub Damp shade in mountainous regions Portugal (The Azores)
  • Azorean St. John's Wort
 [37][47][42][19][40]
H. grandifolium Choisy Shrub Evergreen forests Spain (Canary Islands), Portugal (Madeira)
  • Malfurada
  • Androsaemum webbianum Spach
  • H. elatum sensu Plaisted & Lighty
 [61][64][65][66][67]
H. hircinum L. Shrub Damp shade by streams France, Iberia, Italy, Middle East, North Africa
  • Stinking Tutsan
  • Androsaemum hircinum (L.) Spach
 [68][65][25][26][69]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. × inodorum Mill. Deciduous shrub Bushy areas Corsica, France, Italy, Spain
  • Tall Tutsan
  • Androsaemum parviflorum Spach
  • H. × urberuagae P. & S. Dupont
 [46][70][71][56][65]

Arthrophyllum

Arthrophyllum Jaub. & Spach contains five species, and is not divided into any subsections. Its type species is H. rupestre. Arthrophyllum is most closely related to Webbia.[72]

Description

Arthrophyllum contains shrubs that grow to be approximately 0.9 meters tall and are deciduous but never leafless. Species in Arthrophyllum are glabrous, with reddish to dark glands. Their leaves are placed opposite and are either decussate, sessile, free, or perfoliate and have no ventral glands. They are 40-flowered, and their flowers are stellate and homostylous. They have 5 sepals that lack marginal glands. Arthrophyllum's species also have 5 petals and 3 stamen fascicles, each with 20-40 stamens. Their seeds are narrow and cylindrical.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. cardiophyllum Boiss. Shrub Calcareous rocks Turkey, Syria None [73][46][16][24][21]
H. nanum Poir. Shrub Calcareous rocks Lebanon, Syria None [73][46][24][26][40]
H. pamphylicum N. Robson & P.H.Davis Shrub Limestone rocks Turkey None [46][42][16][24][22]
H. rupestre Jaub. & Spach Shrub Limestone cliffs Turkey
  • H. rupestre α rotundifolium Jaub. & Spach
  • H. rupestre α ovalifolium Jaub. & Spach
 [46][48][30][24][32]
H. vacciniifolium Hayek & Siehe Shrub Limestone cliffs Turkey
  • H. nanum var. uniflorum Bornm.
 [46][20][24][17][22]

Ascyreia

Ascyreia Choisy contains exactly 50 species and also includes 4 Nothospecies. The section is one of the largest in the genus that is not divided into any subsections. Its type species is H. calycinum. The section is synonymous with Norysca Spach..[4]

Description

Ascyreia is made up of mostly shrubs or shrublets, but also contains a few trees. Its species generally grow to be from 4-5 meters tall. Some of the species are evergreen, but most are deciduous. They are glabrous, and lack dark glands. Their leaves are opposite, decussate, and free. The section's species have anywhere from 1-25 flowers, which are stellate and homostylous. They have 5 sepals, which are free. They also have 5 petals and 5 stamen fascicles, which each have 20-100 stamens. Their seeds are cylindric or ellipsoid, and some are laterally winged.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. acmosepalum N. Robson Shrub Forest glades, stream-sides China
  • H. henryi sensu hort.
 [13][65][21][74][4]
H. addingtonii N. Robson Shrub Unknown China
  • H. leschenaultii sensu hort.
 [56][13][65][75][74]
H. augustinii N. Robson Shrub Unknown China None [13][65][21][74][4]
H. beanii N. Robson Shrub Open forests, thickets China
  • H. lagarocladum
  • H. patulum var. henryi J.H. Veitch ex Bean
 [70][76][31][14][77]
H. bellum H.L.Li Shrub Dry slopes, by streams China None [62][13][60][78][65]
H. calycinum L. Shrub Shady woods, shady banks Bulgaria, Turkey
  • Great St. John's Wort
  • Aaron's Beard, Rose of Sharon, Jerusalem Star
  • Androsaemum calycinum
 [56][62][79][60][63]
H. choisianum Wall. ex N. Robson Shrub Grassy or rocky cliffs China, India, Pakistan
  • H. hookerianum var. leschenaultii sensu Dyer
 [80][62][13][65][74]
H. cohaerens N. Robson Shrub Thickets, rocky slopes China [74][4][22]
H. cordifolium Choisy Shrub Steep banks, rocky hillsides Nepal
  • H. lungusum
 [62][1][65][21][40]
H. curvisepalum N. Robson Shrub Dry/rocky hillsides, open woods China [13][74][4]
H. elatoides R.Keller Suffrutex Damp open grasslands China
  • H. ascyron var. microcepetalum R. Keller
  • H. chinense sensu R. Keller
  • H. monogynum var. franchetii Baroni
 [68][74][4]
H. forrestii (Chitt.) N. Robson Shrub Stony hillsides, by streams China, Burma
  • Forest Tutsan
  • H. patulum var. forrestii
 [80][13][78][81][77]
H. gaitii Haines Shrub Shady cliffs, along streams India [48][82][62]
H. gracilipes Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch. Shrub Shaded streamsides India, Bangladesh [5][22]
H. griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer Shrub Dry hillsides, river banks Bhutan, India [83][84][62][4]
H. henryi H.Lév. & Vaniot Shrub Dry, open areas China, Southeast Asia
  • H. patulum sensu N. Robson
 [56][74][4][22]
H. hookerianum Wight & Arn. Shrub Open habitats East and South Asia
  • Hooker's St. John's Wort
  • H. garrettii
 [76][62][61][13][40]
H. kouytchense H.Lév. Shrub Pastures, open hillsides China
  • H. ascyron sensu H. Léveillé
 [56][60][63][74][85]
H. lacei N. Robson Shrub Myanmar [48][20][22]
H. lagarocladum N. Robson Shrub Roadsides, grassy slopes China
  • H. lagarocladum
 [1][74][4][22]
H. lancasteri N. Robson Shrub Dry grassy banks and slopes China None [13][74][4][22]
H. leschenaultii Choisy Shrub/small tree Slopes, thickets, woodlands Indonesia
  • H. coriacecum
 [42][65][14][40][86]
H. lobbii N. Robson Shrub India [5][65][22]
H. maclarenii N. Robson Shrub Rocky banks China
  • H. stellatum sensu N. Robson
 [13][74][4][22]
H. monogynum L. Shrub Cliffs, hills, roadsides China (Southeast), Taiwan
  • H. aureum
 [62][78][65][74][15]
H. mysurense Wall. ex Wight & Arn. Shrub Thickets, open hillsides India (South), Sri Lanka
  • H. auritum
 [62][1][43][22]
H. oblongifolium Choisy Shrub Damp crevices, thickets Pakistan, India, Nepal
  • H. cernuum
 [80][62][13][14][40]
H. pachyphyllum Collett & Hemsl. Shrub/undershrub Open slopes, thickets Myanmar
  • H. burmanicum
 [48][40][22]
H. patulum Thunb. Shrub Dry, open areas China
  • Goldencup St. John's Wort (Yellow Mosqueta)
  • H. argyi
 [47][31][87][60][78]
H. podocarpoides N. Robson Shrub Grassy slopes, rock faces Nepal, India
  • H. acutum
 [62][22]
H. prattii Hemsl. Shrub Glens China [74][4][22]
H. pseudohenryi N. Robson Shrub Pine forests, thickets, dry slopes China
  • Irish Tutsan
  • H. henryi sensu hort.
 [47][81][88][89][28]
H. reptans Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer Shrublet Slopes, cliffs, marshes China, Burma, India, Nepal [62][65][17][74][4]
H. sherriffii N. Robson & D.G.Long Shrub Cliffs, steep slopes Bhutan [37][20][22]
H. siamense N. Robson Shrub Open evergreen forests Thailand
  • H. sp. sensu Smitinand
 [42][1][22]
H. stellatum N. Robson Shrub Thickets, slopes China
  • H. dyeri sensu hort.
 [62][65][74][4][22]
H. subsessile N. Robson Shrub Thickets China [13][65][74][4][22]
H. tenuicaule Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer Shrub Rocky banks under trees Bhutan, India, Nepal
  • H. patulun hookerianum
 [48][62][22]
H. uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Shrub Dry open areas, in thickets, by streams China, Burma, India
  • H. nepalense
 [76][62][89][74][90]
H. wardianum N. Robson Shrub Hillsides, cliffs, forest clearings China, Burma [20][74][4][22]
H. williamsii N. Robson Shrub Rocky/grassy slopes, in shade Nepal [42][62][22]
H. wilsonii N. Robson Shrub Cliffs, thickets China
  • H. kouytchense sensu Milne-Redh.
 [1][65][14][74][4]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. kouytchense × calycinum (D.Walker) Shrub Only in cultivation Only in cultivation None [5][1]
H. × cyathiflorum N. Robson Shrub Only in cultivation Only in cultivation H. addingtonii × H. hookerianum None [42][1][65][55]
H. × dummeri N. Robson Shrub Only in cultivation Only in cultivation H. calycinum L. × H. forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson None [42][13][55]
H. × moserianum André Shrub Only in cultivation Only in cultivation None [70][76][13][56][65]

Brathys

Brathys (Mutis ex L.f.) Choisy is the largest section in Hypericum. It is divided into four subsections: Brathys, Phellotes, Spachium, and Styphelioides. Brathys contains 38 species and the type species, H. juniperinum. Phellotes contains 32 species, Spachium contains 14 species, and Styphelioides contains just 2 species. In total, the section contains 86 species.

Description

Brathys contains a wide variety of plants, including small trees, shrubs, shrublets, and herbs. The largest species in the section grow to be 6 meters tall, and are evergreen. Its species are glabrous- though a few have simple hairs- and lack any dark glands. Their stems are either 4 or 6-lined, and are compressed when the plant is young, but later become terete. Their leaves are placed opposite, are decussate and sessile, and have dense marginal glands. All the species have either one flower on the uppermost node of the plant or 2-15 flowers branching from the uppermost node and from lower secondary nodes. The flowers are stellate or sometimes obconic, and are homostylous. The species have 5 petals which are persistent. They have 5 stamen fascicles which contain anywhere from 1-50 stamens each, formed in a tight ring, to give the plants a total of anywhere from 5-250 stamens. The plants have 5 ovaries, 5 sepals, and 3-5 styles.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Brathys
H. aciculare Kunth Shrub Dry, open slopes/paramo Peru, Ecuador
  • Brathys acicularis (Kunth) Spach
  • H. struthiolifolium var. minutum Choisy
 [5][91][87][21][22]
H. andinum Gleason Shrub/shrublet Open/Grassy slopes, bogs
  • H. struthiolifolium var. parviflorum
 [42][31][91][21][92]
H. baccharoides Cuatrec. Shrub Forests, paramo Colombia, Venezuela None [20][21][22]
H. bolivaricum N. Robson Shrub Colombia [91][21][22]
H. bryoides Gleason Suffrutex Rocky places, open paramo Colombia [1][21][22]
H. caracasanum Willd. Shrub/shrublet Shaded places in paramo and subparamo Venezuela [21][22]
H. cardonae Cuatrec. Shrub/shrublet Humid places in paramo Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia
  • H. caracasanum sensu Turcz.
  • H. caracasanum cardone
 [20][21][22]
H. cassiopiforme N. Robson Shrub Jalca zone Peru [1][21]
H. costaricense N. Robson Shrub/shrublet Open paramo, rocky and volcanic slopes Colombia, Costa Rica
  • Costa Rica St. John's Wort
 [23][21]
H. decandrum Turcz. Shrub/shrublet Grassy or shrubby paramo Ecuador, Peru
  • Hypericum gnidioides var. polytrichoides R. Keller
 [87]
H. harlingii N. Robson Shrub Montane forest Ecuador None [87]
H. horizontale N. Robson Shrublet Dry open sandy areas Colombia None [22]
H. jaramilloi N. Robson Shrub Paramo Costa Rica, Colombia None
H. juniperinum Kunth Shrub/shrublet Open forests, forest margins, shaded paramo Colombia, Venezuela
  • H. brathys Sm
  • Brathys juniperina L.f.
  • H. jahnii R. Keller
 [23]
H. lancifolium Gleason Shrub Paramo Colombia, Venezuela
  • H. lancioides sensu Steyerm
  • H. struthiolifolium sensu Knuth
  • H. weberbaueri sensu Gleason
 [1]
H. lancioides Cuatrec. Shrub Damp sheltered areas of the paramo Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela None [5][91][87]
H. llanganaticum N. Robson Shrub Grassy paramo, reed forest Ecuador None [37][5][87]
H. magdalenicum N. Robson Shrub/small tree Paramo forest, scrub, damp grassland Colombia, Venezuela None [42]
H. magniflorum Cuatrec. Shrub Rocky slopes of limestone outcrops Colombia, Venezuela None [20]
H. marahuacanum N. Robson Shrub Shaded streams, swampy areas, on escarpment Colombia, Venezuela None
H. mexicanum L. Shrub/shrublet Open paramo, grassy slopes, in shrub Colombia, Venezuela
  • Brathys mutisiana Spach
  • H. mutisianum Kunth
  • H. resinosum Bentham
 [23][40]
H. millefolium Urb. & Ekman Shrub Among limestone rocks Haiti None
H. parallelum N. Robson Shrub Paramo Colombia None
H. pimeleoides Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch. Shrub Open paramo Colombia
  • H. caracasanum var. ocanense R. Keller
 [1]
H. prietoi N. Robson Shrub On crests of cordillera Ecuador None [37][87]
H. prostratum Cuatrec. Shrub/Shrublet Open paramo, in damp areas Colombia None [20]
H. pycnophyllum Urb. Shrub In open forests, among rocks at high altitudes Dominican Republic None
H. recurvum N. Robson Shrub Open hillsides, exposed boggy areas Peru None [91]
H. ruscoides Cuatrec. Shrub Paramo Colombia, Ecuador None [47][87]
H. selaginella N. Robson Shrublet Dry or stony damp paramo/superparamo Colombia
  • H. selaginoides N. Robson
 [5]
H. sprucei N. Robson Shrub Open dry damp paramo Ecuador
  • H. struthiolifolium sensu R. Keller
 [42][91][87]
H. strictum Kunth Shrub Dry rocky paramo/subparamo, open grassland Colombia
  • H. struthiolifolium var. strictum (Kunth) Choisy
 [93][47][87]
H. struthiolifolium Juss. Shrub Open hillsides among shrub Peru
  • Brathys struthiolifolia (Juss.) Spach
  • H. struthiolifolium genuinum Triana & Planchon
  • H. weberbaueri R. Keller
 [23][47][91][40]
H. stuebelii Hieron. Shrub Unknown South America None [1]
H. tetrastichum Cuatrec. Shrub/shrublet Wet exposed areas in paramo/subparamo Colombia None [5][47]
H. valleanum N. Robson Shrub Paramo Colombia None [20]
H. wurdackii N. Robson Shrub Unknown Peru None
Subsection Phellotes
H. acostanum Steyerm. ex N. Robson Shrub Shrubby slopes Ecuador
  • H. garciae
 [5][37][87][21]
H. asplundii N. Robson Shrublet Thicket edges Ecuador [37][87][21]
H. callacallanum N. Robson Shrub Open areas Peru [37][21]
H. carinosum R. Keller Shrub Thickets and woodlands in paramo Colombia, Venezuela
  • H. stenoclados
  • H. struthiolifolium sensu Trev.
  • H. thymifolium sensu Triana & Planch.
 [23][21]
H. castellanoi N. Robson Shrub/shrublet Open places among shrubs Colombia, Venezuela [1][21]
H. cuatrecasii Gleason Shrub Paramo, degraded forests Colombia None
H. espinalii N. Robson Shrub Unknown Colombia None
H. garciae Pierce Shrub Paramo, on sandy soil Colombia, Venezuela
  • H. chamaemyrtus sensu Gleason
  • H. ericifolium Steyerm.
 [5]
H. gladiatum N. Robson Shrub Unknown Colombia None
H. goyanesii Cuatrec. Shrub Paramo/subparamo, degraded forests, near water Colombia None [1]
H. hartwegii Benth. Shrub Unknown Ecuador None [37][87]
H. humboldtianum Steud. Shrub/shrublet Thickets, open slopes of paramo Colombia, Venezuela
  • Brathys thymifolia (Kunth) Spach
  • H. dichotomum Kunth ex R. Keller
  • H. jussiaei Planchon & Linden ex Triana & Planchon
 [42][40]
H. irazuense Kuntze ex N. Robson Shrub/small tree Open paramo slopes, among bamboo Costa Rica, Panama
  • H. caracasanum var. scherzeri J. Zahlbr.
  • H. phellos subsp. oroqueano N. Robson
  • H. silenoides sensu R. Keller
 [23][94]
H. laricifolium Juss. Shrub/small tree Paramo/subparamo Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
  • Brathys acerosa (Kunth) Spach
  • Brathys laricifolia (Juss.) Spach
  • H. acerosum Kunth
 [5][91][87][40][95]
H. loxense Benth. Shrub/shrublet Dry slopes and rocky areas of the paramo Ecuador, Peru None [20][91][87]
H. lycopodioides Triana & Planch. Shrub Thickets in paramo/subparamo Colombia
  • H. gyropodioides sensu Jackson & Hooker
H. maguirei N. Robson Shrub Dry slopes and grasslands, among low shrubs Ecuador None [37][87]
H. martense N. Robson Shrublet Rocky paramo, muddy areas Colombia None [31]
H. matangense N. Robson Shrub Scrub paramo Ecuador None [37][87]
H. myricariifolium Hieron. Shrub Open slopes in paramo Colombia
  • H. lindenii sensu Cuatrec.
 [5]
H. papillosum N. Robson Shrub Dry rock slopes in paramo/subparamo Colombia None [20]
H. paramitanum N. Robson Shrub/small tree Paramo/subparamo Venezuela None [1]
H. phellos Gleason Shrub/small tree Scrubby slopes, moist woods Colombia, Venezuela
  • Caulis internodii
 [5]
H. piriai Arechav. Shrub/perennial herb Stony or damp grassland, lowlands Brazil, Uruguay
  • Atlantic St. John's Wort
  • H. hilaireanum L.B. Sm.
  • H. tenuifolium St.-Hil.
 [42][22]
H. quitense R.Keller Shrub/shrublet Damp meadows of paramo Ecuador
  • H. rimbachianum Diels
 [37][47][87]
H. radicans N. Robson Shrublet Muddy areas Colombia None [20]
H. roraimense Gleason Shrub Swampy areas Venezuela None [94]
H. sabiniforme Trevis. Shrub Dry paramo Colombia
  • H. hartwegii sensu Triana & Planch
  • H. lindenii R. Keller
  • H. thymifolium sensu Turcz.
 [23]
H. simonsii N. Robson Shrub (?) Paramo, bushy prairies, thickets Colombia
  • H. stenopetalum var. majus Triana & Planch
 [1]
H. stenopetalum Turcz. Shrub/small tree Scrubby or stony paramo slopes Colombia, Venezuela
  • H. decorticans Planch
  • H. meridense Steyerm.
 [47][94]
H. thuyoides Kunth Shrub/small tree Scrub and thickets on paramo slopes, in boggy areas Colombia None [47][40]
H. woodianum N. Robson Shrub Roadside banks near forests Colombia None [5]
Subsection Spachium
H. arbuscula Standl. & Steyerm. Subshrub/shrublet Unknown Mexico, Guatemala
  • H. silenoides sensu R. Jimenez
 [20][31][21]
H. beamanii N. Robson Shrublet Depressions by fumerole vents Guatemala None [21]
H. chamaemyrtus Triana & Planch. Subshrub Paramo, dense woods and meadows Colombia, Venezuela None [1][21]
H. cymobrathys N. Robson Shrub Shrubby woodlands, dry slopes Colombia None
H. dichotomum Lam. Perennial herb Open wet roadsides, forests Dominican Republic, Haiti
  • H. polycladum Urban
  • H. subglaucum Urban & Ekman
  • Martia dichotoma (Lam.) Sprengel
 [96][95]
H. diosmoides Griseb. Perennial herb Open shaded grassy slopes, roadsides, damp areas Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Cuba
  • Puerto Rico St. John's Wort
  • H. hecatophyllum C. Wright
  • H. ophiticola Britton
 [70][31][40][97]
H. drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray Annual herb Open woods, old fields, rocky places United States
  • Drummond's St. John's Wort (Nits and Lice)
  • Sarothra drummondii Grev. & Hook.
 [70][98][99][100][101]
H. eastwoodianum I.M.Johnst. Subshrub/shrublet Sheltered places in dry rocks Mexico
  • Eastwood's St. John's Wort
  • H. insulare Eastw.
  • H. silenoides sensu Rodriguez Jimenez
 [23][31]
H. fuertesii Urb. Shrublet/perennial herb Grassy slopes, open Dominican Republic, Haiti None [20]
H. galinum S.F. Blake Shrublet Dry rocky calcareous areas Mexico
  • Brathys denticulata (Kunth) Spach
  • H. denticulatum Kunth
 [5]
H. gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Annual herb Sandy areas in open fields, roadsides, rocky areas Canada, United States, Dominican Republic, Paraguay, Brazil
  • Pineweed (Orangegrass)
  • Hypericum sarothra Michaux
  • Sarothra gentianoides L.
 [102][103][99][101][28]
H. gnidioides Seem. Subshrub/shrublet Open places in dry forests, paramo, dry grasslands Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama
  • H. arbuscula sensu Rodrigues Jimenez
  • H. hondurasense R. Keller
  • H. pinetorum Standley
 [20][91][40][94]
H. peninsulare Eastw. Subshrub/perennial herb Sheltered dry areas, meadows, among rocks Mexico
  • H. gramineum sensu Rodriguez Jimenez
  • H. silenoides sensu Rodriguez Jimenez
 [42][31]
H. rubritinctum N. Robson Shrublet Rocky woodlands, rocky forests Mexico
  • H. gnidioides sensu Rodriguez Jimenez
 [47][31]
Subsection Styphelioides
H. styphelioides A.Rich. Shrub Pine forests and savannah, around lakes and pools Cuba None [23][47][91]
H. terrae-firmae Sprague & L.Riley Shrub/small tree Open pine, near streams Belize
  • H. styphelioides sensu Standley & Williams
 [5][47][31][94]

Bupleuroides

Bupleuroides Stef. contains one species, H. bupleuroides, which shares the name of the section.

Description

H. bupleuroides is a perennial herb that grows to be approximately 75 centimeters tall. The species' stems sprout from branching rhizomes, and are glabrous and lack dark glands. The leaves are placed opposite and are terete and are perfoliate. It has anywhere from 4-25 flowers that branch from 1-5 nodes and are stellate and homostylous and have 5 petals. There are either 3 or 4 stamen fascicles with 20-25 stamens each. The species has 5 sepals, 3 ovaries, and 3 styles.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. bupleuroides Stef. Perennial herb Mountain woods, damp valleys, wooded slopes Turkey, Russia
  • H. perfoliatum Ledeb.
 [89][48][42][16][104]

Campylopus

Campylopus Boiss. contains one species, H. cerastioides, which is also frequently called H. campylopus. This species is widely cultivated for its vibrant flowers. The section is most closely related to Olympia and Oligostema.[104]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. cerastioides N. Robson Suffrutex/Perennial herb Meadows, among rocks Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
  • Campylopus cerastioides Spach
  • H. campylopus Steud.
  • H. origanifolium sensu Urv.
 [76][12][65][89][104]

Camplyosporus

Campylosporus (Spach) R. Keller contains 10 species from Africa and the Middle East. Its type species is H. lanceolatum.

Description

The section contains primarily shrubs and trees that can be spreading or grow up to 12 meters tall. They are all evergreen and may or may not have dark glands along the branches. Most species have bark which is fissured and scaly. The species have many flowers which are homostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 5 stamen fascicles which each have 20-45 stamens.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. balfourii N. Robson Shrub/tree Granite slopes, rock crevices Socotra
  • H. mysorense sensu Balf.
 [37][21][94]
H. bequaertii De Wild. Shrub/tree Open forest, thickets Unknown
  • H. keniense Mildbr.
 [42][13][32][21]
H. gnidiifolium A.Rich. Shrub/tree Streambanks Ethiopia
  • H. roeperanum subsp. gnidiifolium (A. Rich.) Moggi & Pisacchi
 [37][15]
H. lanceolatum Lam. Shrub/small tree Forests, forest clearings, savannahs, grasslands Comoros, Réunion None [42][14][15][94]
H. madagascariense (Spach) Steud. Shrub Clearings, damp depressions, montane forests Madagascar
  • Madagascar St. John's Wort
  • Campylosporus madagascariensis Spach
  • H. lanceolatum sensu R. Keller
 [23]
H. quartinianum A.Rich. Shrub/tree Rocky places, gulleys, river banks, upland grasslands Yemen, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique
  • H. affine Steudel
  • H. ulugurense Engler
 [31][32][33][38][15]
H. revolutum Vahl Shrub/tree Open forests, forest margins, savannas, grasslands Middle East, Ethiopia, Cameroon
  • Curry Bush
 [13][65][32][39][15]
H. roeperianum Schimp. ex A.Rich. Shrub/tree Evergreen forest margins, bushland/grassland, by rivers Ethiopia, Zambia, Angola, Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon
  • Large-leaved Curry Bush
  • H. riparium A. Chev.
  • H. schimperi Hochst
 [76][35][32][33][15]
H. socotranum R.D.Good Shrub (?) Unknown Socotra
  • Socotra St. John's Wort
  • H. lanceolatum sensu Balf.
 [37][47]
H. synstylum N. Robson Shrub Among limestone rocks, on black soil Ethiopia, Somalia None [42][32]

Concinna

Concinna N. Robson contains one species, H. concinnum, which is commonly known as Goldwire.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. concinnum Benth. Perennial herb/suffruticose Dry slopes, forests United States (California, Nevada)
  • Goldwire
  • H. braceatum Kellogg
  • H. seleri R. Keller
 [80][61][105][99][100]

Coridium

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. amblycalyx Coustur. & Gand. Dwarf shrub Limestone cliffs Crete (Eastern)
  • H. quadrifolium
 [42][19][16][12][69]
H. asperuloides Czern. ex Turcz. Perennial herb Calcerous rocks, open glades, dry grassy areas Russia
  • H. galiifolium
 [42]
H. coris L. Low shrub Calcerous rocks Switzerland, France (Southeastern), Italy (Northern)
  • Heath-leaved St. John's Wort
  • H. verticillatum
 [70][76][12][65][89]
H. empetrifolium Willd. Subshrub Woods, dry rocky slopes Albania, Greece, Turkey (Western), Libya
  • H. coris sensu Curtis
 [13][65][25][59][69]
H. ericoides L. Dwarf shrub Fissures of limestone/dolomitic rocks Spain, Tunisia, Morocco
  • H. robertii
 [48][19][12][13][17]
H. jovis Greuter Dwarf shrub Limestone cliffs Crete (Central) [48][69]

Crossophyllum

Crossophyllum Spach contains 4 species of perennial herbs. Its type species is H. orientale. The other species in the section are H. adenotrichum, H. aucheri, and H. thasium.

Description

Species in Crossophyllum grow to be around 55 centimeters tall. They are glabrous, and their stems are erect from a rooting base. Their flowers also branch from the base and sometimes from intermediate nodes. The species have anywhere from 1 to 50 flowers which are stellate and homostylous. Their stems are narrow and eglandular and have dark black or amber glands on raised lines. The leaves are placed opposite and are free and decussate. The species have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 3 or 5 stamen fascicles with 10-20 stamens each.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. adenotrichum Spach Perennial herb Woodland areas, humid habitats Turkey
  • Kantaron
  • H. myriotrichum Boiss.
  • H. auriculatum Montbret
 [46][16][30][21][28]
H. aucheri Jaub. & Spach Perennial herb Stony/sandy open areas, on calcareous ground, on siliceous soil Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
  • H. apterum Velen.
  • H. jankae Nyman
  • H. tenellum Janka
 [46][19][16][12][21]
H. orientale L. Perennial herb Igneous stony slopes, woodlands Georgia, Turkey, Russia
  • H. buschianum Woron. ex Grossh.
  • H. decussatum Kunze
  • H. jaubertii Jaub. & Spach
 [48][42][13][89][104]
H. thasium Griseb. Perennial herb Open habitats on sandy/calcareous soil Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey None [46][19][30][24]

Drosocarpium

Drosocarpium Spach contains small perennial herbs that are found near the Mediterranean. H. richeri has 3 subspecies.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. ambiguum Elliott [5]
H. barbatum Jacq. Perennial herb Grassy slopes, meadows, woodland margins, among rocks Austria, Italy, Balkans
  • H. calabricum Spreng.
  • H. macedonicum Boiss. & Orph.
  • H. trichanthum Boiss. & Spruner
 [48][19][16][12][104]
H. bithynicum Boiss. Perennial herb Damp meadows, scrub, woodlands, rocky slopes Georgia, Turkey (Northern)
  • H. ardasenovii Keller & Alboff
  • H. confusum Vandas
  • H. nordmanii Boiss.
 [19][16][12][24][17]
H. confusum Rose [19][16][30][31]
H. montbretii Spach Perennial herb Damp places among rocks, on calcareous soil Balkans, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Russia (Southwest)
  • H. adenocarpum Montbret
  • H. bulgaricum Davidoff
  • H. maleevii A.Zernov & A.Jelen.
 [19][13][31][40][94]
H. perfoliatum L. Perennial herb Meadows, shale banks, among rocks in shade Iberia, North Africa, France (South), Italy, Greece, Turkey
  • H. bocconei Ten. ex Nyman
  • H. ciliatum Desr.
  • H. myrtifolium Spach
 [13][31][25][32][88]
H. richeri Vill. Perennial herb Woods, meadows, on limestone/granitic soil Balkans, Switzerland (Alps), Spain (Pyrenees)
  • Alpine St. John's Wort
  • H. alpigenum
 [19][30][31][17][28]
H. rochelii Griseb. & Schenk Perennial herb Grasslands, rocky ground (calcareous) Balkans
  • H. boissieri Petrov.
  • H. pseudotenellum Vandas
  • H. setiferum Stef.
 [19][16]
H. rumeliacum Boiss. Perennial herb Stony/rocky places, in woodland clearings Balkans None [80][70][19][17][13]
H. spruneri Boiss. Perennial herb Woods, fallows, rocky slopes, on limestone/schist Italy, Croatia, Balkans (South)
  • H. ferrugineum Boiss. & Heldr.
  • H. montanum var. maculantherum Sagorski
  • H. perfoliatum var. richterianum Hayek
 [19][30]
H. trichocaulon Boiss. & Heldr. Perennial herb Rocky places, ledges, clayey areas Crete (West)
  • H. repens sensu Sibth. & Sm.
 [19][30][13][69]
H. umbellatum A. Kern. Perennial herb Woods, gorges, on calcareous soil Balkans
  • H. baumgartenianum Schur.
  • H. elegantissimum sensu Baumg.
 [19][30]
H. vesiculosum Griseb. Perennial herb Woods, on moist ground Greece, Turkey None [19][30][13]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × reinosae A. Ramos Perennial herb In cultivation only Spain H. perforatum × H. richeri subsp. burseri None [5][1][55]

Elodeoida

Elodeoida N. Robson contains 7 species of annual and perennial herbs. Its type species is H. elodeoides.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. austroyunnanicum L.H. Wu & D.P. Yang Perennial herb Roadsides, dry waste areas China [46][74][4]
H. elodeoides Choisy Perennial herb Forests, thickets, grassy slopes China, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal
  • H. napaulense
 [46][62][74][4]
H. hubeiense L.H. Wu & D.P. Yang Perennial herb Thickets China [46][74]
H. kingdonii N. Robson Perennial herb Rice paddies, grassy slopes China, Myanmar, India [46][74][4]
H. petiolulatum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer Perennial herb / annual herb Steep slopes, thickets, roadsides, grasslands China, India, Southeast Asia
  • H. thomsonii
 [46][74][86]
H. qinlingense X.C.Du & Y.Ren Perennial herb Exposed slopes, secondary forest China None [46][74][106]
H. seniawinii Maxim. Perennial herb Slopes, grasslands, roadsides Southeast China
  • H. lianzhouense
 [46][31][74][4]

Graveolentia

Graveolentia N. Robson is a diverse section whose type species is H. graveolens.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. collinum Schltdl. & Cham. Wiry perennial herb Dry gravel banks Mexico
  • H. preussii R. Keller
 [5][21]
H. epigeium R.Keller Wiry perennial herb Open forest, banks, limestone cliffs Mexico, Guatemala
  • H. chamaecaulon R. Keller
 [5][1]
H. formosum Kunth Perennial herb Open grassy slopes, forests Mexico
  • Western St. John's Wort
  • H. montanum Sessé & Mociño
  • H. formosum formosum sensu C.J. Hitchc.
 [76][105][40]
H. graveolens Buckley Perennial herb Open moist areas, rocky roadside banks United States
  • Mountain St. John's Wort
 [80][70][47][99][100]
H. macvaughii N. Robson Perennial herb Woodlands, shady ravines Mexico [48][31]
H. oaxacanum R. Keller Wiry perennial herb/ Suffrutex Open grassy slopes, forest margins Guatemala, Mexico [42][31]
H. pringlei S. Watson Perennial herb Open woodland, shrubby slopes Mexico
  • H. stigmatophorum R. Keller
 [42][1]
H. pseudomaculatum Bush Perennial herb Wooded shady areas, in fields and on roadsides United States
  • False Spotted St. John's Wort
 [80][70][98][99][100]
H. punctatum Lam. Perennial herb Slightly shaded areas, dry or marshy habitats Canada, United States
  • Spotted St. John's Wort
  • H. corymbosum Muhl. ex Willd.
  • H. maculatum Walter
 [102][107][103][99][31]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × mitchellianum Rydb. Unknown (Perennial herb?) Unknown United States (North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
  • Blue Ridge St. John's Wort
 [108][109][110][99][100]

Heterophylla

Heterophylla N. Robson contains a single shrublet, H. heterophyllum, from which the section derives its name.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. heterophyllum Vent. Shrublet Dry clearings, woodlands Turkey None [48][42][24][40][104]

Hirtella

Hirtella Stef. contains perennial herbs averaging 80 cm in height.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Platyadenum
H. amblysepalum Hochst. Perennial herb Dry woodland, field margins Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran
  • H. amanum Boiss.
  • H. cyclosepalum Rech.
  • H. fieldianum Rech.
 [46][16][30][24][26]
H. asperulum Jaub. & Spach [20][21]
H. capitatum Choisy [16][24][21]
H. hedgei N. Robson
H. helianthemoides (Spach) Boiss. [1][24]
H. hirtellum (Spach) Boiss. [23]
H. libanoticum N. Robson Perennial herb Stony ground, damp rocky clefts Lebanon, Syria
  • H. helianthemoides sensu Post
  • H. hyssopifolium subsp. helianthemoides (Spach) Thiébaut
 [42][26]
H. lysimachioides Boiss. & Noë [30][24]
H. olivieri (Spach) Boiss. [30][24]
H. pseudolaeve N. Robson [16][24]
H. retusum Aucher ex Jaub. & Spach Perennial herb Steppe, hillsides, field margins Syria, Turkey, Iraq
  • H. laeve sensu Blakelock
 [5][16][30][24]
H. scabroides N. Robson & Poulter [20][30][24]
H. scabrum L. [111][30][13][31][26]
H. spectabile Jaub. & Spach [30][24][40]
H. thymbrifolium Boiss. & Noë Perennial herb [30][24]
H. thymopsis Boiss. [30][24]
H. vermiculare Boiss. & Hausskn. [23]
Subsection Stenadenum
H. apiculatum (N. Robson) Sennikov [1]
H. apricum Kar. & Kir. [42][16][30][24]
H. callithyrsum Coss. [12][32]
H. davisii N. Robson [20][16][30][24]
H. elongatum Ledeb. ex Rchb. [16][30][24][32][74]
H. hyssopifolium Chaix [19][12][13][17][32]
H. karjaginii Rzazade [1]
H. microcalycinum Boiss. & Heldr.
H. salsolifolium Hand.-Mazz. [23][30][24]
H. sorgerae N. Robson [20][16][30][24]
H. tymphresteum Boiss. & Spruner [1]

Humifusoideum

Humifusoideum R. Keller, also called Pulogensia, contains 6 species. Its type species is H. peplidifolium. H. beccarii has two subspecies: H. beccarii beccarii and H. beccarii steenisii.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. beccarii N. Robson Perennial/annual herb Damp places in vegetation Indonesia (Sumatra, Java)
  • Beccari's St. John's Wort
  • H. japonicum var. pinnatinervium
 [42][1][21][40][86]
H. nagasawae Hayata Perennial herb/shrublet Stony/rocky slopes, roadsides, forests Taiwan
  • H. randaiense Hayata
  • H. suzukianum Y. Kimura
  • H. taiwanianum Y. Kimura
 [112][40][74][4]
H. natalense J.M. Wood & M.S. Evans Perennial herb Damp grasslands South Africa, Swaziland
  • H. natalense var. petiolatum Bredell
  • H. woodii R. Keller
 [42][31][32]
H. nokoense Ohwi Perennial herb Mountain slopes Taiwan None [47][74][4]
H. peplidifolium A. Rich. Perennial herb Marshes, streamsides, roadsides, pastures, moorland grasslands Sub-saharan Africa
  • H. humbertii sensu Spirlet
  • H. sp. C. sensu Milne Redh.
 [33][35][38][36][15]
H. wilmsii R. Keller Perennial herb Damp places, mountain slopes Zimbabwe, South Africa, Madagascar
  • H. bojerianum sensu H. Perrier
  • H. nigropunctatum Norl.
  • H. rupestre sensu H. Perrier
 [42][47][32][35][94]

Hypericum

Hypericum, sometimes referred to as the "type section" of the genus, contains perennial herbs and very few suffrutices.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Erecta
H. asahinae Makino Perennial herb Japan None [5]
H. elegans Stephan ex Willd. Perennial herb Well-drained areas, meadows, steppe. on chalk and limestone Russia, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey
  • Elegant St. John's Wort
  • H. kohlianum Sprengel
  • H. pulchrum Pallas ex M. Bieb.
 [23][16][12][13][24]
H. erectum Thunb. Perennial herb Grassy slopes, dry woods. thickets Russia. Korea, Japan, Taiwan. China
  • H. attenuatum var. contertissimum nom. inval.
  • H. choji-suzuki H. Koidz
  • H. confertissimum nom. illeg.
 [80][13][78][17][28]
H. furusei N. Robson Perennial herb Japan
  • H. kawarano N. Robson
 [42]
H. gracillimum Koidz. Perennial herb Japan
  • H. subalpinum Y. Kimura
  • H. swertioides
  • H. vulcanicum sensu Y. Kimura
 [20]
H. hachijyoense Nakai Perennial herb Mountainous regions Japan (Honshū) None [1]
H. hakonense Franch. & Sav. [47][14][17]
H. kawaranum N. Robson [5]
H. kinashianum Koidz. [20]
H. kitamense (Y.Kimura) N. Robson
H. kiusianum Koidz. [1][17]
H. kurodakeanum N. Robson
H. nikkoense Makino
H. nuporoense N. Robson [1]
H. ovalifolium Koidz.
H. pseudoerectum N. Robson [23]
H. pseudopetiolatum R.Keller [113][114][13][86][4]
H. taihezanense Sasaki ex S.Suzuki [47][74][4]
H. uniglandulosum Hausskn. ex Bornm. [20][16][30][24]
H. vulcanicum Koidz. [5]
H. watanabei N. Robson
H. yamamotoanum H.Koidz. [1]
H. yamamotoi Miyabe & Kimura [42]
Subsection Hypericum
Series Hypericum
H. attenuatum Fisch. ex Choisy [31][78][14][28][74]
H. iwate-littorale H.Koidz. [23][1]
H. maculatum Crantz
  • Imperforate St. John's Wort
 [70][76][81][27][59]
H. momoseanum Makino [5]
H. perforatum L.
  • Common St. John's Wort (Klamath weed)
 [61][103][107][79][115]
H. scouleri Hook.
  • Scouler's St. John's Wort
 [80][61][47][99][43]
H. tetrapterum Fr.
  • Slender St. John's Wort
  • Hypericum quadrangulum
 [76][116][115][81][59]
H. triquetrifolium Turra
  • Wavy-leaved St. John's Wort
 [44][25][26][77][69]
H. undulatum Schousb. ex Willd.
  • Flax-Leaved St. John's Wort
 [116][30][81][59][28]
H. yezoense Maxim. [46]
Series Senanensia
H. enshiense L.H. Wu & F.S. Wang [74][4]
H. faberi R.Keller [74][4]
H. kamtschaticum Ledeb. [42][13][78][14][17]
H. nakaii H. Koidz. [5]
H. oliganthum Franch. & Sav. [20]
H. pibairense (Miyabe & Y.Kimura) N. Robson [1]
H. senanense Maxim. [1]
H. sikokumontanum Makino [47][17]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × desetangsii Lamotte British Isles, Scandinavia, Western Europe, Balkans H. perforatum × H. maculatum
  • Des Etang's St. John's Wort
 [71][52][117][81][40]
H. × hyugamontanum Y.Kimura Perennial herb Disturbed areas Japan (Kyushu) [5][108]
H. × laschii A.Fröhl. Scandinavia, France, Central Europe
  • H. sikokumontanum hyugamontanum
 [5][52][118][42][55]
H. × medium Peterm. Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Romania
  • H. × sparsiflorum Schur
 [5][118][52]

Inodora

Inodora Stef. contains one species, a shrub called H. xylosteifolium or sometimes H. inodorum.

Description

H. xylosteifolium grows to be approximately 1.5 meters, and is a deciduous plant. It typically has anywhere from 1-7 flowers, which are terminal and sometimes have subsidiary branches. The flowers are 1.5-3 cm in diameter and are stellate and rounded. Its anthers are yellow-orange and its stamen are in fascicles in groups of 10-11.[6]

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. xylosteifolium (Spach) N. Robson Shrub Forests, shady banks, cliffs Turkey, Russia
  • Turkish Tutsan
  • Androsaemum xylosteifolium Spach
  • H. inodorum Willd.
 [48][42][65][81][104]

Monanthema

Monanthema N. Robson contains 7 perennial herbs that grow up to 40 cm tall. One of its species, H. monanthemum, has two subspecies: H. monanthemum filicaule and H. monanthemum monanthemum.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. daliense N. Robson China [46][74][4]
H. himalaicum N. Robson China, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • H. monanthemum var. brachypetalum Franchet
 [46][62][74][4]
H. ludlowii N. Robson China, Bhutan [46][62][74][4]
H. monanthemum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal [46][13][74][4]
H. subcordatum (R.Keller) N. Robson China
  • H. petiolulatum var. subcordatum (R. Keller) H. Léveillé
  • H. thomsonii var. subcordatum R. Keller
 [46][74][4][23]
H. trigonum Hand.-Mazz. China, Myanmar [46][74][4]
H. wightianum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand
  • H. bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot
  • H. delavayi R. Keller
 [46][62][40][74][4]

Myriandra

Myriandra (Spach) R. Keller contains shrubs, shrublets, and perennial herbs that grow to be up to 4.5 m.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Ascyrum
H. crux-andreae (L.) Crantz
  • Atlantic St. Peter's Wort
 [98][119][120][99][100]
H. edisonianum (Small) W.P. Adams & N. Robson
  • Arcadian St. John's Wort
 [80][70][98][99][100]
H. hypericoides (L.) Crantz Shrub
  • St. Andrew's Cross
  • H. stragulum Adams & Robson
  • Ascyrum hypericoides L.
 [98][119][120][99][100]
H. suffruticosum W.P. Adams & N. Robson
  • Pineland St. John's Wort
 [80][76][98][120][99]
H. tetrapetalum Lam.
  • Four-Petaled St. John's Wort
 [80][70][76][98][99]
Subsection Brathydium
H. dolabriforme Vent.
  • Straggling St. John's Wort
 [70][103][76][99][100]
H. myrtifolium Lam.
  • Myrtle-leaf St. John's Wort
 [70][76][98][99][100]
Subsection Centrosperma
H. brachyphyllum (Spach) Steud.
  • Coastal Plain St. John's Wort
  • Myriandra brachyphylla Spach
  • H. limosum Grisebach
 [80][76][98][99][100]
H. chamaenerium (Spach) Steud.
  • Roundfruit St. John's Wort
 [46][1]
H. chapmanii W.P. Adams
  • Apalachicola St. John's Wort
 [80][70][76][100][121]
H. densiflorum Pursh
  • Dense St. John's Wort
 [103][120][62][99][100]
H. exile W.P. Adams
  • Florida Sands St. John's Wort
 [80][70][98][100]
H. fasciculatum Lam.
  • Peelbark St. John's Wort (Sandweed)
 [80][98][120][99][100]
H. frondosum Michx.
  • Cedarglade St. John's Wort
 [103][98][99][100][65]
H. galioides Lam.
  • Bedstraw St. John's Wort
 [98][119][120][100][65]
H. glomeratum Small [20][31]
H. kalmianum L. Shrublet United States, Canada
  • Kalm's St. John's Wort
 [102][107][99][28][122]
H. lissophloeus W.P. Adams
  • Smoothbark St. John's Wort
 [70][76][98][100][85]
H. lloydii (Svenson) P.B.Adams
  • Sandhill St. John's Wort
 [80][70][120][99][100]
H. lobocarpum Gatt.
  • Fivelobe St. John's Wort
 [80][70][76][100][121]
H. longistylum Oliv. [40][74][4]
H. lydium Boiss. [48][30][24]
H. nitidum Lam.
  • Carolina St. John's Wort
 [76][98][120][100][121]
H. opacum Torr. & A. Gray [48][31]
H. prolificum L.
  • Shrubby St. John's Wort
 [103][98][120][99][85]
H. swinkianum G.Wilh. & L. Rericha Shrub Sandy wetlands, prairies, woodland openings United States (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan)
  • Swink's St. Johns wort
 [123][102][31][124]
H. tenuifolium Pursh Shrub Dry sandy woods, dunes, hollows, lowland areas United States (Florida, Alabama)
  • Atlantic St. John's Wort
  • H. coris sensu Walter
  • H. reductum W.P. Adams
 [120][20][31][121][97]
Subsection Pseudobrathydium
H. buckleyi M.A.Curtis Shrub Seepage areas, moist crevices, ditches United States
  • Buckley's St. John's Wort
  • H. buckleii
 [120][99][100][31][65]
Subsection Suturosperma
H. adpressum W.P.C. Barton Perennial herb Marshes, pond margins, ditches, bogs United States
  • Creeping St. John's Wort
  • Brathydium fastigiatum (Elliott) K.Koch
  • H. fastigiatum Elliott
 [102]

[103][76][99][100]

H. apocynifolium Small Shrub Stream banks, moist woods, coastal plain United States
  • Early St. John's Wort
  • H. nudiflorum sensu R. A.
 [76][98][100][31][121]
H. cistifolium Lam. Shrub/subshrub Moist pine flatwoods, bogs and swamps, ditches and roadsides United States
  • Roundpod St. John's Wort
  • Brathydium hyssopifolium nom. illeg.
  • H opacum Torrey & Gray
 [98][120][62][99][100]
H. ellipticum Hook. Perennial herb Water margins, wet meadows, swamps Canada, United States
  • Pale St. John's Wort
  • Brathydium canadense Spach
  • H. sphaerocarpum sensu W.P.C. Barton
 [102][107][103][99][100]
H. microsepalum (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray ex S. Watson Shrub Moist pine flatwoods, damp sandy areas United States (Florida, Georgia)
  • Flatwoods St. John's Wort
  • H. isophyllum Steud.
  • Isophyllum drummondii Spach
 [70][76][98][99][100]
H. nudiflorum Michx. ex Willd. Shrub Stream banks, moist woodland, swamps, on sand United States
  • Early St. John's Wort
  • H. cistifolium sensu Coulter
  • Myriandra nudiflora (Michx. ex Willd.) Spach
 [70][98][120][99][100]
H. sphaerocarpum Michx. Subshrub/perennial herb Barren embankments, prairies, rocky outcrops, sandy streambanks United States
  • Roundseed St. John's Wort
 [85][76][99][101][122]

Oligostema

Oligostema (Boiss.) Stef. consists of perennial and annual herbs up to 75 cm tall.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. andjerinum Font Quer & Pau Perennial herb Mountain slopes, calcareous clay Morocco None [23][20][16][32][21]
H. australe Ten. Perennial herb Woodlands, scrub, grassy slopes France, Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Spain
  • H. dubium sensu Mauri
  • H. humifusum subsp. australe (Ten.) Rouy
 [19][125][16][12][44]
H. humifusum L. Perennial herb/ biennial herb/ annual herb Open habitats, acidic soil, moorland, open woodland Europe, North Africa, introduced to South Africa and Oceania
  • Trailing St. John's Wort
  • H. exiguum Bubani
  • H. liottardii Vill.
 [126][62][100][81][28]
H. kelleri Bald. Perennial herb Flat clay depressions, Field margins Crete None [80][19][17][69]
H. linariifolium Vahl Perennial herb Open stony slopes on acidic soil British Isles, France, Iberia
  • Toadflax-leaved St. John's Wort
  • H. nubigenum Lowe
  • H. pulchrum sensu Aubry
 [19][1][81][14][17]
H. repens L. Perennial herb Dry stony ground, grazed pastures, open woodlands Cyprus[Note 1] None [23][30][25][14][32]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × caesariense Druce ex N. Robson Perennial herb Unknown Scotland, Northern England H. linariifolium Vahl × H. humifusum L. None [46][55]

Olympia

Olympia (Spach) Nymam contains four dwarf shrubs. Its type species is H. olympicum.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. auriculatum (N. Robson & Hub.-Mor.) N. Robson Shrub/suffrutex In forests, among rocks Southern Turkey
  • H. olympicum auriculatum
 [48][20][94]
H. lycium (N. Robson & Hub.-Mor.) N. Robson Shrub/suffrutex Southwestern Turkey [48][1][55]
H. olympicum L. Shrub/suffrutex Sandy/stony ground among rocks, open areas in forests Balkans
  • Mount Olympus St. John's Wort
  • Androsaemum adenophyllum K.Koch
  • Olympia glauca Spach
 [48][62][77][89][104]
H. polyphyllum Boiss. & Balansa Shrub/suffrutex Sandy/stony places on calcareous substrate Southeastern Turkey, Syria
  • H. hayekii
 [80][48][24][14][17]

Origanifolia

Origanifolia Spach contains 13 species of shrub-like perennial herbs. Its type species is H. origanifolium.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. albiflorum (Hub.-Mor.) N. Robson Perennial herb Rocky or sandy ground Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium var. albiflorum Hub.-Mor.
  • H. aviculariifolium var. roseiflorum Hub.-Mor.
 [46]
H. aviculariifolium Jaub. & Spach Perennial herb Unknown Turkey None [19][16][12][24][89]
H. bourgaei (Boiss.) N. Robson Perennial herb Fallow ground on clay Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium var. bourgaei (Boiss.) N.Robson
  • H. leprosum bourgaei Boiss.
  • H. punctatum Willd.
 [46]
H. cymbiferum Boiss. & Balansa Perennial herb Calcareous hilly areas Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium var. cymbiferum (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.
 [46]
H. ichelense N. Robson Perennial herb Forest plantations Turkey None [46]
H. imbricatum Poulter Perennial herb Low rocks Turkey None [46][30][24]
H. laxiflorum N. Robson Perennial herb Open woodlands, mountain grasslands Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium depilatum sensu N.Robson
 [46]
H. leprosum Boiss. Perennial herb Rocky or stony ground Turkey None [46]
H. origanifolium Willd. Perennial herb Dry grassy slopes, calcareous cliff ledges Georgia, Syria, Turkey
  • H. gheiwense Boiss.
  • H. orientale saxatile Majoranae folio Tournef.
  • H. pulverulentum Fenzl
 [46][20][24][14][104]
H. papillare Boiss. & Heldr. Perennial herb Hills, roadsides Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium uniflorum (Boiss.& Heldr.) N.Robson
  • H. leprosum var. rigidulum Boiss.
 [46]
H. salsugineum N. Robson & Hub.-Mor. Perennial herb Salt scrub Turkey None [46][16][30][24]
H. trachyphyllum Griseb. Perennial herb Open slopes, in stony areas or among clay Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium (Aznav.) N.Robson
  • H. brachycalycinum Bornm. ex R.Keller
  • H. byzantinum Aznav.
 [46][20]
H. uniflorum Boiss. & Heldr. Perennial herb Steep screes, among rocks Turkey
  • H. aviculariifolium uniflorum (Boiss. & Heldr.) N.Robson
 [46]

Psorophytum

Psorophytum (Spach) Nyman contains a single species, H. balearicum.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. balearicum L. Shrub/small tree Dry woods, among rocks Spain (Balearic Islands)
  • Hipérico de las Baleares
  • H. verrucosum
  • H. dogonbadanicum Assadi
 [37][127][47][16][104]

Roscyna

Roscyna (Spach) R. Keller contains 2 species: its type species, H. ascyron, and H. przewalskii. Roscyna was once considered to be its own individual genus which contained only the two species. H. ascyron has two subspecies, H. ascyron ascyron and H. ascyron gebleri.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. ascyron L. Perennial herb Meadows, rocky slopes, river banks Russia, Southeast Asia, Canada, U.S.A.
  • Great St. John's Wort
  • Roscyna ascyron
  • H. pyramidatum Aiton
 [102][103][107][99][122]
H. przewalskii Maxim. Perennial herb Mountain slopes, thickets, roadsides China
  • H. biondii R. Keller
  • H. macrosepalum Rehder
  • H. obtusifolium R. Keller
 [47][48][31][40][74]

Sampsonia

Sampsonia N. Robson two species: its type species, H. sampsonii, and H. assamicum.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. assamicum S.N.Biswas Perennial herb/suffruticose herb Lowland jungles India
  • H. sampsonii sensu Dyer
 [48][128][62]
H. sampsonii Hance Perennial herb/suffruticose herb Thickets, streamsides, roadsides China, Japan, Southeast Asia
  • H. electrocarpum Maxim.
  • H. esquirolii H. Lév.
 [47][31][78][129][43]

Santomasia

Santomasia (N. Robson) N. Robson contains a single species, H. steyermarkii.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. steyermarkii Standl. Unknown Grassy slopes, near volcanoes Guatemala, Mexico
  • Santomasia steyermarkii (Standl.) N.Robson
 [5][20]

Taeniocarpium

Taeniocarpium Jaub. & Spach contains small wiry perennial herbs up to 1.1 meters tall.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. armenum Jaub. & Spach [23][20][16][13][21]
H. confertum Choisy [25][14][17][21]
H. crenulatum Boiss. [46][16][30][21]
H. fissurale Woronow
  • Cracked St. John's Wort
 [37][16][24][22]
H. havvae Güner [5][24]
H. hirsutum L.
  • Hairy St. John's Wort
 [12][115][130][81][27]
H. kotschyanum Boiss. [20][16][30][13][17]
H. linarioides Bosse [19][24][14][17][104]
H. malatyanum Peșmen [16][30][24]
H. marginatum Woronow [20][16]
H. neurocalycinum Boiss. & Heldr. [16][24]
H. nummularioides Trautv. [16][30][24]
H. nummularium L. [19][30][17][88][40]
H. peshmenii Yıld. [5][24]
H. pruinatum Boiss. & Balansa [20][16][30][24][14]
H. pseudorepens N. Robson [1]
H. pulchrum L.
  • Slender St. John's Wort
 [80][70][76][13][81]
H. pumilio Bornm. [5][20][16]
H. saxifragum N. Robson & Hub.-Mor. [23][16][30][24]
H. taygeteum Quézel & Contandr. [19][16][30][17]
H. theodori Woronow
  • Theodor's St. John's Wort
 [37][47]
H. thymifolium Banks & Sol. [47][30][24][26]
H. vaccinioides N. Robson [42][30]
H. venustum Fenzl [23][16][24]

Takasagoya

Takasagoya (Y.Kimura) N. Robson contains deciduous shrubs and shrublets that grow up to 1.5 m tall.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. formosanum Maxim. Shrub On banks, in stony areas Taiwan
  • H. patulum sensu Matsumura & Hayata
  • Takasagoya formosana (Maxim.) Y. Kimura
 [70][47][48][74][4]
H. geminiflorum Hemsl. Shrub Stony areas Taiwan, Philippines None [40][74][86][4]
H. nakamurai (Masam.) N. Robson Shrub Limestone rock crevices Taiwan
  • Takasagoya nakamurai Masamune
 [74][4]
H. senkakuinsulare Hatus. Shrub Rocky mountaintops Ryukyu Islands None [48][20]
H. subalatum Hayata Shrub Limestone rock crevices Taiwan
  • H. formosanum sensu H. Léveillé
  • H. kushakuense R. Keller
  • Takasagoya subalata (Hayata) Y. Kimura
 [47][74][112][4]

Triadenoides

Triadenoides Jaub. & Spach contains 7 species. H. haplophylloides has two subspecies, H. haplophylloides haplophylloides and H. haplophylloides devollense.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. fieriense N. Robson Shrub Among low scrub Socotra None [37][1]
H. haplophylloides Halácsy & Bald. None [48][19][131][12][17]
H. musadoganii Yıld. None [48][20]
H. pallens Banks & Solander Shrublet Among limestone rock Turkey, Syria, Lebanon
  • H. cuneatum Poir.
  • H. myrtilloides Fenzl
  • H. tenellum Kotschy ex Boiss.
 [48][13][24][17]
H. scopulorum Balf.f. Shrub Thickets, rocky/grassy slopes Socotra None [37][47][40][94]
H. ternatum Poulter Shrublet Limestone fissures, cliffs Turkey None [42][30][24]
H. tortuosum Balf.f. Shrub/Shrublet Among rocks and crags Socotra None [37][47][40]

Trigynobrathys

Trigynobrathys (Y. Kimura) N. Robson contains shrubs and subshrubs as well as annual and perennial herbs that are very diverse in size and shape.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
Subsection Connatum
H. brasiliense Choisy Subshrub (Annual herb?)
  • H. bolivianum
  • H. laxiusculum
  • H. punctulatum
 [23][31][14][40][92]
H. caespitosum Cham. & Schltdl. [5][21]
H. campestre Cham. & Schltdl. [42][21][92]
H. caprifoliatum Cham. & Schltdl. [20][31][14][21]
H. carinatum Griseb. [1][14][21]
H. cavernicola L.B. Sm. [1][21]
H. connatum Lam. [20][91][21][92][132]
H. cordatum (Vell.) N. Robson [23][1][21][40]
H. cumulicola (Small) P.B. Adams
  • Highlands Scrub St. John's Wort
 [80][98][100][133][134]
H. denticulatum Walter
  • Coppery St. John's Wort
 [70][98][13][99][100]
H. denudatum A. St.-Hil.
H. erythreae (Spach) Steud.
  • Sparse-leaved St. John's Wort
 [70][100][31][121]
H. gramineum G.Forst.
  • Grassy St. John's Wort
 [76][62][100][60][43]
H. harperi R.Keller
  • Sharplobe St. John's Wort
 [80][70][76][98][100]
H. legrandii L.B. Sm. [20][40]
H. linoides A. St.-Hil. [1]
H. lorentzianum Gilg ex R. Keller
H. majus (A.Gray) Britton
  • Greater Canadian St. John's Wort
 [102][107][103][99][100]
H. microlicioides L.B. Sm. [5]
H. myrianthum Cham. & Schltdl. [20][14][40]
H. polyanthemum Klotzsch ex Reichardt [23]
H. rigidum A. St.-Hil. [22]
H. salvadorense N. Robson [1][22]
H. setosum L.
  • Hairy St. John's Wort
 [80][70][98][47][99]
H. silenoides Juss.
  • Sangrenaria
 [31][91][87][40][92]
H. teretiusculum A. St.-Hil. [20][132]
H. ternum A. St.-Hil. [42][31]
H. virgatum Lam.
  • Sharpleaf St. John's Wort
 [70][47][100][31][121]
Subsection Knifa
H. anagalloides Cham. & Schltdl. Annual herb/Perennial herb Bogs, ditches, water margins, wet areas Canada, United States, Mexico
  • Creeping St. John's wort
  • H. bryophytum
  • H. tapetoides
 [37][76][61][99][100]
H. aphyllum Lundell Annual herb Open woodlands, lowlands Belize
  • Sarothra aphylla
 [23][21][22]
H. arenarioides A. Rich. Annual herb Damp places, lowlands Cuba
  • H. mutilum sensu Rodriguez Jimenez
 [5][1][21]
H. boreale (Britton) H. P. Bicknell Eastern Canada, New England
  • Northern St. John's Wort
  • Sarothra borealis
 [102][103][107][99][135]
H. brevistylum Choisy [5][91][87][92]
H. canadense L.
  • Lesser Canadian St. John's Wort
 [102][103][99][100][87]
H. globuliferum R. Keller [1][22]
H. gymnanthum Engelm. & A.Gray [98][19][99][100][122]
H. humbertii Staner [46][32]
H. japonicum Thunb.
  • Matted St. John's Wort
 [136][60][78][129][132]
H. killipii N. Robson [20][22]
H. lalandii Choisy [32][33][137][36][15]
H. monadenum N. Robson [30][31][24]
H. moranense Kunth [31][91]
H. mutilum L.
  • Dwarf St. John's Wort
 [102][61][103][122][105]
H. oligandrum Milne-Redh. [23][32][33][138][39]
H. parvulum Greene [80][70][76][100][31]
H. pauciflorum Kunth [80][70][76][100][31]
H. paucifolium S. Watson [76][31][91]
H. pedersenii N. Robson [5][1]
H. philonotis Schltdl. & Cham. [46][31][91][40]
H. pleiostylum C. Rodr. Jim. [20][55]
H. pratense Schltdl. & Cham.
  • Sanguinaria
 [47][31][87][14]
H. pumilum Sessé & Moc. Mexico [23][55]
H. relictum N. Robson [1][55][23][22]
H. scioanum Chiov. [20][32][38]
H. thesiifolium Kunth [47][31][87][14][92]

Nothospecies

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Parentage Synonyms Image References
H. × dissimulatum E.P. Bicknell
  • Disguised St. John's Wort
 [80][70][99][100][76]

Tripentas

Tripentas (Casp.) N. Robson contains one long-stemmed perennial herb, H. elodes. Tripentas is sometimes separated into its own genus under the synonyms Elodes (Spach) W. Koch, Martia Sprengel, Perforaria Choisy, Spachelodes Y. Kimura, or Tripentas Casp..

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. elodes L. Perennial herb Mires, in shallow water, on acidic peat soil Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Iberia, Slovenia, British Isles
  • Marsh St. John's Wort
  • Elodes palustris Spach
  • Tripentas helodes (L.) Asch. & Graebn.
 [37][19][60][81][59]

Umbraculoides

Umbraculoides N. Robson contains a single species, H. umbraculoides, for which the section is named.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. umbraculoides N. Robson Deciduous shrub Unknown Mexico None [46][48][5][23]

Webbia

Webbia (Spach) R. Keller contains a large deciduous shrub that can grow up to 4 meters tall.

Species

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. canariense L. Shrub/Tree Rocky slopes, cliffs, ravines Spain (Canary Islands), Portugal (Madeira)
  • Canary Islands St. John's Wort (Granadillo)
  • H. platysepalum (Spach). Walp.
  • Webbia floribunda (Aiton) Spach
 [80][16][61][100][105]

Incertae sedis

Binomial Authority Type Habitat Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. callinum Rose Unknown Unknown Mexico None [47][42][68][23]
H. dodonaei Steud. Unknown Unknown Unknown None [1][42]

Extinct

Hypericum fossils have been found from the Late Eocene to the present day, with the most commonly found part of the plant being the seeds due to their hardiness. However, a small number of leaves and even pollen have also been found as fossils. The oldest fossil recovered was a seed belonging to the species H. antiquum which was found in Northern Asia. This species is considered to be the common ancestor of the Hypericaceae family. [139]

Binomial Authority Fossil Status Temporal Range Location Distribution Synonyms Image References
H. antiquum Balueva & Nikitin Neogene Russia (Siberia) None [139][140]
H. canatalense E. Reid Seeds Pliocene France None [140]
H. coriaceum Nikitin Seeds Miocene Russia Europe None [140]
H. danicum Friis Miocene Denmark None [141][142][140]
H. foveolatum Dorof. Seeds Pliocene Belarus Europe None [140]
H. miocenicum Dorof. Oligocene-Pliocene None [139]
H. holyi Friis Middle Miocene Denmark None [142][139]
H. rostriformum Jakub Seeds Miocene Belarus Europe None [140]
H. septestum Nikitin ex Arbuzova Miocene Czech Republic, Russia None [143][144][140]
H. tertiarium Nikitin Oligocene-Pliocene None [139]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Extinct in Israel

References

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