Energy in Ukraine

Perovo Solar Park

Energy in Ukraine describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Ukraine. As an industry it is part of the Fuel and Energy Complex that combines smaller industries such as power generation and distribution, coal, oil and gas mining industries as well as transportation of resources. Ukraine's geographic position and proximity to Russia explain its importance as a natural gas and petroleum liquids transit country.

Approximately 3.0 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of natural gas flowed through Ukraine in 2013 to Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Turkey.[1]

Ukraine depends on Russia for its supplies of natural gas and oil (which are also produced domestically) while being a net-exporter of electricity and coal. Ukraine tries to diversify energy sources.[2]

Overview

Energy in Ukraine[3]
Capita Prim. energy Production Import Electricity CO2-emission
Million TWh TWh TWh TWh Mt
200447.51,632887748150305
200746.41,597949693164314
200846.31,583945690163310
200946.01,343894487147256
201245.71,470994555167285
2012R45.61,427993448166281
201345.51,351999368164265
Change 2004-2009-3.0%-17.7%0.8%-34.9%-1.4%-15.9%
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power[4]

2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Gas

Ukraine was the 6th highest importer of natural gas in 2009.[5]

Naftogaz is the state owned gas company. Ukraine stopped buying gas from Russia in 2015 due to the Russian presence in eastern Ukraine.[6] In disputes Russia has stopped gas delivery in 2006 and 2008. In 2009 80% of the European Union gas from Russia was delivered via Ukraine.

Coal

Electricity

In 2014 total electricity production was 183 TWh, of which 8 TWh was exported to Europe; 88 TWh from nuclear, 71 TWh from coal, 13 TWh from natural gas, and 9 TWh from hydroelectricity. Electricity consumption was 134 TWh after transmission losses of 20 TWh, with peak demand at about 28 GWe. In 2015 electricity production fell to about 146 TWh largely due to a fall in anthracite coal supplies caused by the War in Donbass.[7][8]

Electricity production fell from 296 TWh in 1991 to 171 TWh in 1999, then increased slowly to 195 TWh in 2007, before falling again.[9]

Renewable energy

In 2017 Climate News Network reported that Chinese companies plan to spend $1bn in a solar power park in the nuclear disaster area in Ukraine.[10]

Nuclear power

Rivne Nuclear Power Plant

Ukraine was 8th top nuclear electricity producer in 2009. 46.7% of domestic electricity generation was nuclear. This was the 2nd largest share, only France was higher.[11] The largest nuclear power plant in Europe is in Ukraine.

Energoatom (National Nuclear Energy Generating Company of Ukraine) is the state nuclear company founded in 1996. It has about 38,000 employees.

The 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Northern Ukraine was the world's most severe nuclear accident.

Lack of coal for Ukraine's coal-fired power stations due to the War in Donbass and a shut down one of the six reactors of the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant lead to rolling blackouts throughout Ukraine from early till late December 2014.[12]

In 2018 Energoatom stated that electricity prices were too low to cover the cost of new nuclear fuel, and called for a price increase.[13]

Finance

Ukraine signed a loan agreement in-principle for $3.65 billion with the China Development Bank in 2012, during President Viktor Yanukovich's term of office, contingent on the development of agreed development projects in the coal and gas sectors. However, by April 2017 Ukraine had not agreed any suitable projects due to a "lack of convergence in the positions of [Uglesintezgaz] and the energy ministry".[14]

Corruption

Corruption is one of the top problems in Ukraine, characterised as a systemic phenomenon, which exists in all sections and levels of the public administration.[2] Ukraine gets gas from Gazprom via third parties. Gazprom did not publish any reporting on anti-corruption programmes.[15]

In 2015 corruption allegations were made against Energoatom, Ukraine's nuclear power operator, with concerns raised by Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.[16] In March 2016, Energoatom's assets and bank accounts were frozen by Ukrainian courts over allegedly unpaid debts, against which Energoatom is appealing.[17][18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ eia.gov http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=up. Retrieved 9 October 2014. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. 1 2 National Integrity System, Ukraine 2011 Transparency International
  3. ↑ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015) + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, [http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  4. ↑ Energy in Sweden 2010 Archived October 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Facts and figures. The Swedish Energy Agency. Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
  5. ↑ IEA Key statistics 2010
  6. ↑ "Naftogaz open letter: a year without gas imports from Russia". www.naftogaz.com. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  7. ↑ "Poroshenko: Ukraine increasing nuclear share to 60%". World Nuclear News. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  8. ↑ "Poroshenko: Share of nuclear power grows to 60% amid blockade of trade with Donbas". UNIAN. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  9. ↑ "Nuclear Power in Ukraine". World Nuclear Association. February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  10. ↑ Solar power to rise from Chernobyl's nuclear ashes Guardian 12 January 2017
  11. ↑ p.187 of the IEA 2010 Publication on Ukrainian Energy
  12. ↑ Ukraine turns off reactor at its most powerful nuclear plant after 'accident', The Independent (28 December 2014)
    Ukraine Briefly Cuts Power to Crimea Amid Feud With Russia Over NATO, New York Times (DEC. 24, 2014)
    Coal import to help avoid rolling blackouts in Ukraine—energy minister, ITAR-TASS (December 31, 2014)
    Rolling blackouts in Ukraine after nuclear plant accident, Mashable (Dec 03, 2014)
    Ukraine to Import Coal From ‘Far Away’ as War Curtails Mines, Bloomberg News (Dec 31, 2014)
  13. ↑ "Energoatom counts cost of regulatory changes". World Nuclear News. 19 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Karin Strohecker, Pavel Polityuk (14 April 2017). "Ukraine could miss out on up to $3.65 billion of China energy loans". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  15. ↑ 2011 report on oil and gas companies, Promoting revenue Transparency Transparency International 2011
  16. ↑ "Energoatom chief recalls highs and lows of first half-year". World Nuclear News. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  17. ↑ "Continued Ukraine-Russia tensions over fuel". Nuclear Engineering International. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  18. ↑ "Ex-head of Energoatom Derkach claims worst situation in sector in 25 years". Interfax-Ukraine. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.