Cocaine esterase

Cocaine esterase
Identifiers
EC number 3.1.1.84
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum

Cocaine esterase (EC 3.1.1.84, CocE, hCE2, hCE-2, human carboxylesterase 2) is an enzyme with systematic name cocaine benzoylhydrolase.[1][2][3][4][5] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

cocaine + H2O ecgonine methyl ester + benzoate

Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1 and Pseudomonas maltophilia strain MB11L can utilize cocaine as sole source of carbon and energy.

This enzyme and redesigned versions of it have been studied as a potential treatment for cocaine addiction in humans.[6]

The enzyme is important in bioremediation, levels of cocaine in European ocean water were cited at 20 ng/L, similar levels in which swollen muscles, and in some cases broken muscle fibers of eels were reported in a controlled study.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Gao D, Narasimhan DL, Macdonald J, Brim R, Ko MC, Landry DW, Woods JH, Sunahara RK, Zhan CG (February 2009). "Thermostable variants of cocaine esterase for long-time protection against cocaine toxicity". Molecular Pharmacology. 75 (2): 318–23. doi:10.1124/mol.108.049486. PMC 2684895. PMID 18987161.
  2. ↑ Bresler MM, Rosser SJ, Basran A, Bruce NC (March 2000). "Gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and properties of a cocaine esterase from Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66 (3): 904–8. doi:10.1128/aem.66.3.904-908.2000. PMC 91920. PMID 10698749.
  3. ↑ Britt AJ, Bruce NC, Lowe CR (April 1992). "Identification of a cocaine esterase in a strain of Pseudomonas maltophilia". Journal of Bacteriology. 174 (7): 2087–94. PMC 205824. PMID 1551831.
  4. ↑ Larsen NA, Turner JM, Stevens J, Rosser SJ, Basran A, Lerner RA, Bruce NC, Wilson IA (January 2002). "Crystal structure of a bacterial cocaine esterase". Nature Structural Biology. 9 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1038/nsb742. PMID 11742345.
  5. ↑ Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (June 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (23): 14769–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769. PMID 9169443.
  6. ↑ Narasimhan D, Woods JH, Sunahara RK (February 2012). "Bacterial cocaine esterase: a protein-based therapy for cocaine overdose and addiction". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 4 (2): 137–50. doi:10.4155/fmc.11.194. PMC 3290992. PMID 22300094.
  7. ↑ https://phys.org/news/2018-06-european-eels-muscle-due-cocaine.html
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