Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Founded August 23, 1959 (as Taça Brasil)[1]
1970 (as Campeonato Brasileiro)[2]
Country  Brazil
Confederation CBF
Number of teams 20 (since 2006)
Level on pyramid 1
Relegation to Série B
Domestic cup(s) Copa do Brasil
International cup(s) Copa Libertadores
Copa Sudamericana
Current champions Corinthians (7th title)
(2017 season)
Most championships Palmeiras
(9 titles)
Top goalscorer Brazil Roberto Dinamite (190)
TV partners List of broadcasters
Website Official website
2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

The Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Brazilian Portuguese: [kãmpjoˈnatu braziˈlejɾu ˈsɛɾii ˈa]; English: Brazilian Championship A Series), commonly referred as Brasileirão (Brazilian Portuguese: [brazilejˈɾãw]), is a Brazilian professional league for men's football clubs. At the top of the Brazilian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B.

Due to historical peculiarities and the large geographical size of the country, Brazil has a relatively short history of nationwide football competitions. Only in 1959, with the advancements in civil aviation and air transport and the need to appoint a Brazilian representative to the first edition of the Copa Libertadores was a nationwide tournament created, Taça Brasil. In 1967, the Torneio Rio-São Paulo was expanded to include teams from other states, becoming the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, which was also considered a national tournament. The first Campeonato Brasileiro with that name was held in 1989. Prior to this, only the seasons post-1971 were regarded as Campeonato Brasileiro. In 2010, the national tournaments from 1959 and 1970 – Taça Brasil and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa – were unified by the Brazilian Football Confederation in the Brazilian championship history.[3]

The Campeonato Brasileiro is one of the strongest leagues in the world; it contains the most club world champions titles, with 10 championships won among six clubs, and the second-most Copa Libertadores titles, with 17 titles won among 10 clubs. The International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) ranked the league fourth in strength for the 2001–12 period after the Premier League (England), La Liga (Spain), and Serie A (Italy).[4] The Campeonato Brasileiro is the most-watched football league in the Americas and one of the world's most exposed, broadcast in 155 nations. It is also one of the world's richest championships, ranked as the sixth most valuable with a worth of over US$1.43 billion, generating an annual turnover of over US$1.17 billion in 2012.

Since 1959, a total of 156 clubs have played in the Campeonato Brasileiro.[5] Seventeen clubs have been crowned Brazilian football champions, twelve of which have won the title more than once. Palmeiras is the most successful club of the Campeonato Brasileiro, having won the competition nine times, followed by Santos with eight titles, Corinthians with seven titles including the most recent edition (2017) and São Paulo with six titles. Santos' Os Santásticos won five consecutive titles between 1961 and 1965, a feat that remains unequaled. The State of São Paulo is the most successful state, amassing 31 titles among five clubs.

History

The Taça Brasil trophy.

The Taça Brasil was introduced in 1959, and ran until 1968. The Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa was competed for between 1967 and 1970. In 2010 the CBF announced that these were to be regarded as Brazilian championships.[6]

In 1968, the delay in closing the 1968 Taça Brasil made CBD use the Robertão to determine the Libertadores representants. With the extinction of the Taça Brasil, the Robertão, officially named by CBD as "Taça de Prata" (Silver Cup) remained the top Brazilian championship the following two years.[7]

Following Brazil's third world title at the 1970 FIFA World Cup, president Emílio Médici decided to better organize Brazilian football. In a reunion with the CBD and the club presidents in October 1970, it was decided to create the following year a Brazilian championship contested by twenty teams, inspired by the national tournaments in the European nations. The first edition of the named "Campeonato Nacional" ("National Championship"), was held in 1971.[2] The top division was named "Divisão Extra" (Extra Division), while a newly created second division earned the "Primeira Divisão" (First Division) name.[8]

Illustration of Taça das Bolinhas, the CBF Brazilian Championship old trophy.

In 1987, the CBF announced it was not able to organize the Brazilian football championship, a mere few weeks before it was scheduled to begin. As a result, the thirteen most popular football clubs in Brazil created a league, The Clube dos 13, to organize a championship of their own. This tournament was called Copa União and was run by the 16 clubs that eventually took part in it (Santa Cruz, Coritiba and Goiás were invited to join). The CBF initially stood by the Club of the 13 decision. However, weeks later, with the competition already underway, and under pressure from football clubs excluded from the Copa União, the CBF adopted a new set of rules, which considered the Copa União part of a larger tournament, comprising another 16 teams. According to that new set of rules, the Copa União would be dubbed the Green Module of the CBF championship, whereas the other 16 teams would play the Yellow Module. In the end, the first two teams of each Module would play each other to define the national champions and the two teams that would represent Brazil in the Copa Libertadores in 1988. However, that new set of rules was never recognized by the Club of the 13 and largely ignored by most of the Brazilian media, who concentrated their attention in the independent league, eventually won by Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. The eventual final which was set to be Sport Club of Recife vs Flamengo never materialized, with Flamengo refusing to partake in the final. As a result, Sport won the Championship for 1987 and went on to represent Brazil in the Copa Libertadores in 1988. Although Flamengo has attempted to gain ownership of the championship multiple times through the justice system, Sport remains recognized by both CBF and FIFA as 1987 Champions.

In 2010, CBF decided to recognize the champions of both Taça Brasil (1959-1968) and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (1967-1970) as Brazilian Champions, creating some controversy as there was a two-year period when both tournaments were held, thus Palmeiras was awarded two times for winning both in 1967 and both Santos and Botafogo were recognized as champions in 1968 as each tournament was won by one of them.[3]

Competition format

Competition

There are 20 clubs in the Brasileirão. During the course of a season (from May to December) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, victories, goal difference, and goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:[9]

  • If the tie is between more than two clubs not competing for the national title or relegation, then the tie is broken, using the games the clubs have played against each other:
    • a) most number of games won
    • b) total goal difference
    • c) total goals scored
    • d) head-to-head record (with the away goals rule in effect if only two clubs are taken into account)
  • If the tie is still not broken, the winner will be determined by Fair Play scales.
  • If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the Fair Play scales will not be taken into account; a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. Otherwise, a drawing of lots will determine the final positions.

A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Brasileirão and the Série B. The four lowest placed teams in the Brasileirão are relegated to Série B, and the top four teams from the Série B promoted to the Brasileirão.

Qualification for international competitions

Peñarol vs Santos in the Centenario Stadium of Montevideo during the 2011 Copa Libertadores Finals.

Since 2016 edition, the top six clubs in Brasileirão qualify for the next year Copa Libertadores. The top four clubs directly enter the group stage. The fifth and sixth-placed clubs enters Libertadores at the second round and must win 2 knockout stages to enter the group stage.

Brazilian clubs can also qualify for the next Copa Libertadores group phase by winning Copa do Brasil or a continental competition (Copa Sudamericana or Copa Libertadores itself). If Copa do Brasil winners finishes Brasileirão in the top six, or a Brazilian club wins Sudamericana and finishes Brasileirão in the top six, or a Brazilian club wins Libertadores and finishes Brasileirão in the top six, the remaining Libertadores spots go to the next-best placed finishers in Brasileirão. So it is possible for the seventh, eighth and even the ninth-placed club to qualify for Copa Libertadores first round.

Also since 2016 edition, clubs from seventh to twelfth place in Brasileirão qualify for the next year Copa Sudamericana. But, as explained above, depending on Copa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana results, it is possible for the thirteenth, fourteenth and even the fifteenth-placed club to qualify for Copa Sudamericana. Therefore, Brasileirão may qualify at least twelve and up to a very exceeding fifteen clubs for continental competitions in a single season.

Champions

Seventeen clubs are officially recognized to have been the Brazilian football champions. (For 1967 and 1968, the winners of both the Taça Brasil and the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa are recognized as Brazilian football champions.)

Club Won Runner-up Years won Years Runner-up
São Paulo (state) Palmeiras 9 4 1960, 1967, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1993, 1994, 2016 1970, 1978, 1997, 2017
São Paulo (state) Santos 8 7 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 2002, 2004 1959, 1966, 1983, 1995, 2003, 2007, 2016
São Paulo (state) Corinthians 7 3 1990, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2015, 2017 1976, 1994, 2002
São Paulo (state) São Paulo 6 6 1977, 1986, 1991, 2006, 2007, 2008 1971, 1973, 1981, 1989, 1990, 2014
Rio de Janeiro (state) Flamengo 5 1 1980, 1982, 1983, 1992, 2009 1964
Minas Gerais Cruzeiro 4 5 1966, 2003, 2013, 2014 1969, 1974, 1975, 1998, 2010
Rio de Janeiro (state) Vasco 4 4 1974, 1989, 1997, 2000 1965, 1979, 1984, 2011
Rio de Janeiro (state) Fluminense 4 0 1970, 1984, 2010, 2012 —
Rio Grande do Sul Internacional 3 6 1975, 1976, 1979 1967, 1968, 1988, 2005, 2006, 2009
Rio de Janeiro (state) Botafogo 2 3 1968, 1995 1962, 1972, 1992
Rio Grande do Sul Grêmio 2 3 1981, 1996 1982, 2008, 2013
Bahia Bahia 2 2 1959, 1988 1961, 1963
Minas Gerais Atlético Mineiro 1 5 1971 1977, 1980, 1999, 2012, 2015
São Paulo (state) Guarani 1 2 1978 1986, 1987
Paraná (state) Atlético Paranaense 1 1 2001 2004
Pernambuco Sport 1 0 1987 —
Paraná (state) Coritiba 1 0 1985 —
Ceará Fortaleza 0 2 — 1960, 1968
São Paulo (state) São Caetano 0 2 — 2000, 2001
Pernambuco Náutico 0 1 — 1967
Rio de Janeiro (state) Bangu 0 1 — 1985
São Paulo (state) Bragantino 0 1 — 1991
Bahia Vitória 0 1 — 1993
São Paulo (state) Portuguesa 0 1 — 1996

Nomenclature and sponsorship

The Campeonato Brasileiro had its official name changed often before settling on Campeonato Brasileiro in 1989.[10]

Identity English name Years Official Sponsor
Taça Brasil Brazil Cup
1959–1968
 None
Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Tournament
1967–1970
Campeonato Nacional National Championship
1971–1973
Copa Brasil Brazil Cup
1974–1979, 1984, 1986
Taça de Ouro Golden Cup
1980–1983, 1985
"Copa União" Union Cup*
1987–88
Copa João Havelange João Havelange Cup
2000
Campeonato Brasileiro Brazilian Championship
1989–1999, 2001-

2001: LATAM (Brasileirão TAM)
2002: Visa (Troféu VISA Electron)
2005: Nestlé (Taça Nestlé Brasileirão)[11]
2009–2012: Petrobrás (Brasileirão Petrobrás)[12][13]
2014–2017: Chevrolet (Brasileirão Chevrolet)[14][15]
2018: pt:Assaí Atacadista (Brasileirão Assaí)[16]

  • The official name was Brazil Cup, but it became known as Union Cup.

Finances

The Brasileirão had total club revenues of US $1.17 billion in 2012. This makes the Brasileirão the highest revenue football league in the Americas, and the highest outside of Europe's "big five."[17]

The Brasileirão is also one of the world's most valuable football leagues, having a marketing value and worth over US $1.24 billion in 2013.[18] The total worth of every club in the 2013 Brasileirão is US $1.07 billion.[19]

The Brasileirão's television rights were worth over US $610 million in 2012; that accounts for over 57% of Latin America as a whole.[20]

Corinthians is the 16th most valuable club in the world in 2013, worth over US $358 million.[21]

Clubs

The following 20 clubs are competing in the Série A during the 2018 season.

Club Position
in 2017		 First season in
top division		 Top
division
titles		 Last top
division title
América Mineiro1st in Série B19710N/A
Atlético Mineiro9th195911971
Atlético Paranaense11th195912001
Bahia12th195921988
Botafogo10th196221995
Ceará3rd in Série B19620N/A
Chapecoensea8th19780N/A
Corinthians1st196772017
Cruzeiroa, b5th196042014
Flamengoa, b6th196462009
Fluminense14th196042012
Grêmio4th195921996
Internacional2nd in Série B196231979
Palmeiras2nd196092016
Paraná4th in Série B19930N/A
Santosa, b3rd195982004
São Pauloa, b13th196762008
Sport Recife15th195911987
Vasco da Gama7th196042000
Vitória16th19650N/A

a: Unrelegated clubs
b: Clubs that never played outside the top division

Media coverage

Value of television rights
Season(s) Price TV
1987–89$3.4 millionGlobo
1990–94not availableGlobo
1994–96$31.4 millionGlobo
1997–2003$50 millionGlobo
2003–05$390 millionGlobo
2005–08$900 millionGlobo
2009–11R$1.9 billionGlobo
2012–15R$2.96 billion[22]Globo
2016–19R$4.11 billion[23]Globo

Currently, the money of television represent a significant share in the finances of clubs in Brazil. The league broadcasting rights are total exclusivity of Grupo Globo, which distributes the live matches for its television stations: Rede Globo (terrestrial an satellite), SporTV (pay), and the Premiere FC (through the system pay-per-view), where subscribers have the privilege to follow all 380 annual league matches. Globo, first cited, displays the League first time in 1987, when was created the Clube dos 13, trading tool of clubs with the television. The first television contract was negotiated in 1987, with only conveying the Green Module of the Copa União, organized by the Clube dos 13, the television rights were sold for $3.4 million to Rede Globo.[24][25] And only with the conveying of the championship final, SBT broadcast the game instead,[26] a blow to the Rede Globo, who says today that the Green Module would be the league itself, and then was prevented from entering the Ilha do Retiro.[27][28][29] In 1990, only Rede Bandeirantes acquired the broadcast rights. This edition marked the first national title of Corinthians, second most popular team in the country. Both the final transmission, as the other games, attracted the attention of the public, causing the network to acquired an Ibope Rating of 53 points in the deciding game.[30] This led to the Rede Globo prioritize the League from the next edition, in 1991.[30]

In 1997, began to be restricted games live in cities where the matches are held (except finals). The Clube dos 13 closed the contract with Rede Globo's television rights as the holder of the Brasileirão for $50 million (including editions of 1998 and 1999), and resolves itself split the rights with Rede Bandeirantes during this period. It was the first edition to be shown on pay-per-view (via Premiere).[31] In addition, the first games shown on pay television were courtesy of SporTV, after a controversial signing contract of Clube dos 13 with Globosat. Previously, in 1993, the Club of the 13 an CBF had signed a contract with TVA, a company in which ESPN Brazil was part. However, that decision was declined.[32]

In 2000, the broadcasting rights of the Copa João Havelange, organized by the Clube dos 13, were sold to Rede Globo for $50 million. However, the final of this competition in 2001, was marked by an unusual situation. Vasco da Gama, a finalist against São Caetano, graced the logo of SBT, the second largest television station of Brazil, a direct rival to Globo. This situation was somewhat embarrassing for Globo, which transmitted the final exclusively, and which was seen by an estimated audience of 60 million people.[33] Despite the large number of spectators in the final match, this edition was marked by low ratings, what did the Rede Globo to cancel the broadcast of a few matches.[34]

In 2001, Clube dos 13 defines four divisions of transmission quota, with Corinthians, São Paulo, Palmeiras, Flamengo and Vasco in group 1, Santos in group 2, Fluminense, Botafogo, Atlético Mineiro, Cruzeiro, Internacional and Grêmio in group 3, and Bahia, Goiás, Sport Recife, Portuguesa, Coritiba, Atlético Paranaense, and Vitória in group 4.[35] In 2003, the value was expanded by a considerable amount, for the first time surpassing the three digits, after the adoption of the new format of accrued points. The contract of $130 million per year was signed again by TV Globo.[36] In 2005, C13 renews with Globo for the 2006–09 period in a deal worth $300 million.[37]

In 2009, for the first time, the sale of broadcasting rights of the Brazilian Championship were made via open bidding. Media organisations were invited to bid for TV packages open, closed, PPV, internet and broadcast abroad.[38] Rede Globo subsequently won the largest TV contract in the history of Brazilian football ;$1.4 billion for 2009–2011.[39]

In the early part of 2011, the majority of Clube dos 13 indicated they would be negotiating the 2012–2014 league rights independently.[40][41][42][43][44]

In 2012, the final league rights amounts are uncertain. However, I t is known that the clubs were divided into four groups: Group 1: Flamengo and Corinthians receiving 84 to 120 million reals; Group 2: São Paulo, Palmeiras, Santos and Vasco receiving 70 to 80 million reais; Group 3: Gremio, Cruzeiro, Atlético Mineiro, Fluminense and Botafogo (45 to 55 million reais); Group 4: other first division clubs (18 to 30 million reais).[45]

In 2013, SporTV made a deal with Fox Sports, giving up the rights of Campeonato Brasileiro in exchange for live coverage of the Copa Libertadores.[46]

In 2016, Bandeirantes ended the partnership with Globo and ceased showing league matches, leaving Globo with exclusive rights.[47] However, the channel of Turner Group, Esporte Interativo made a deal with Atlético-PR, Bahia, Ceará, Coritiba, Internacional, Joinville, Paysandu, Sampaio Corrêa, Santos, Criciúma, Fortaleza, Paraná, Ponte Preta and Santa Cruz for the broadcasting rights on cable television between 2019 and 2024, opposing Globo's SporTV channel. A decision on whether Palmeiras will be joining these teams is awaited.[48]

Flamengo and Corinthians, the two most supported teams in Brazil, receive approximately 25% (1/4) of all revenue from television.[49] Flamengo has the biggest budget, (R$115.1 million), and Figueirense the smallest (R$18.5 million).[50]

Attendance

The audience of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A is low if put into consideration the popularity of football in the country. Since the first data record, in 1967, each year the average attendance has fluctuated, more down than up, having the season of 1983 as the largest, averaging 22,953, and 2004 as the smallest, with a very low average of 7,556.[51] The league is the second largest in attendance in South America, behind Argentina, with 18,817.

In a most obtrusive comparison, with other leagues of football, the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A figure only in fourteenth position, being overcome by the lower divisions in England and Germany. The smallest attendance ever was a game between Juventude and Portuguesa in 1997 with 55 fans, the largest was Flamengo and Santos in 1983 with 155,523.[52]

The attendance of 2014 season was 16,337 with average occupation of 40%.[53] In this same year, the average price of the ticket was $12.82, taking the games with an average income of $204,799.[54]

The spectator figures for league for the last seven seasons:

Season Overall Average Best supported club Average Highest attendance
20096,764,38017,801Flamengo41,553[55]78,639 (Flamengo 2-1 Grêmio)
20105,638,80614,839Corinthians27,44676,205 (Vasco da Gama 2–2 Fluminense)
20115,572,67314,66429,32863,871 (São Paulo 1-2 Flamengo)
20124,928,82713,14825,22262,207 (São Paulo 2-1 Náutico)
20135,681,55114,951Cruzeiro28,91163,501 (Santos 0-0 Flamengo)
20146,208,19016,33729,67858,627 (São Paulo 2−0 Cruzeiro)
20156,376,69317,050Corinthians34,15067,011 (Flamengo 0−2 Coritiba)
20165,756,08532,470Palmeiras34,15054,996 (São Paulo 2−2 Chapecoense)

Players

Player records

Notes:

  • All players are Brazilian unless otherwise noted,
  • Italics denotes players still playing professional football, and bold denotes players still playing in the Brazilian Série A.[58]
  • Sources: Placar magazine - Guia do Brasileirão 2010[59] and GloboEsporte.com Website.[60]

Awards and trophies

Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão is the league's official award. Placar magazine's Bola de Ouro is the oldest award, while the Troféu Osmar Santos and the Troféu João Saldanha are awards given by the newspaper Lance!.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Brazil 1959 Championship - Taça Brasil "tabela - brasileirão série a - GloboEsporte.com". globoesporte.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  2. 1 2 "Exclusivo: Vai Mudar Tudo em Nosso Futebol". Placar (1094): 47, 60. 16 October 1970.
  3. 1 2 "Campeões brasileiros em cenário do tri" (in Portuguese). CBF. 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
  4. ↑ "The strongest Leagues of the World of the 21st Century", Iffhs.de, retrieved 2013-08-12 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Archived February 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Julio Bovi Diogo (27 December 2015). "Brazil - List of Champions". RSSSF. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  7. ↑ "História dos 100 Anos". Placar (1094): 47, 60. October 1994.
  8. ↑ Abril, Editora (December 11, 2001). "Placar Magazine". Editora Abril. Retrieved October 16, 2017 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ "Campeonato Brasileiro da Série A de 2013 - Regulamento Específico da Competicão" [2013 Serie A of Brazilian Championship - Specific Regulations of the Competition]. Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 9, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  10. ↑ "30 Anos de Pura Confusão". Placar: 17. June 2000.
  11. ↑ "Petrobrás Brasileirão 2009". Culturafutebolistica.wordpress.com. August 30, 2009. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Documentários Brasileirão Petrobras virarão filme". Amambai Notícias. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  13. ↑ Lance!NET - Petrobrás pagará R$ 18 milhões ao ano até 2013 por Brasileirão Archived December 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ "CBF divulga novo logotipo da Série A do Brasileirão com detalhes do troféu". Globoesporte.globo.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  15. ↑ "CBF apresenta logomarca do Brasileirão 2015 - Confederação Brasileira de Futebol". Cbf.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Brasileirão tem novo title sponsor: Assaí Atacadista". Cbf.com.br. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  17. ↑ "European football market grows by 11% to €19.4 billion in 2011/12". Mynewsdesk.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  18. ↑ "O Valor de mercado dos 20 Clubes que disputam o Brasileirão – Série A 2013" [The marketing value of the 20 clubs disputing the 2013 Brasileirão]. Advanced Television (in Portuguese). May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Coxa tem 13° elenco mais valioso da Série A; Furacão é o 14°" [Coxa has the 13th most valued club in Serie A; Furacão is 14th]. Banda B (in Portuguese). May 21, 2013. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  20. ↑ "Football rights make record prices in LatAm". Advanced Television. February 26, 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  21. ↑ Mike Ozanian (April 17, 2013). "Soccer's Most Valuable Teams: At $3.3 Billion, Real Madrid Knocks Manchester United From Top Spot". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  22. ↑ phttp://torcedores.com/noticias/2015/09/brasileirao-saiba-quanto-seu-clube-ganha-de-dinheiro-da-tv-globo]
  23. ↑ phttp://torcedores.com/noticias/2016/05/brasileirao-2016-veja-quanto-o-seu-clube-ira-receber-em-dinheiro-da-tv-globo]
  24. ↑ "Octávio diz que CBF está 'quebrada', Brasileiro 87 pode ser regionalizado – '''Página 17'''". Acervo.folha.com.br.
  25. ↑ "Campeonato começa sob o signo da confusão – '''página: 27'''". News.google.com.
  26. ↑ "Baú da TV: Relembre como era o futebol no SBT". Torcedores.com. September 3, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  27. ↑ "Nabi na presidência desafia Clube dos 13 – '''Página 32'''". News.google.com. 15 July 1987.
  28. ↑ "Clube dos 13. A UDR do futebol. – '''Página 28'''". News.google.com. 16 July 1987.
  29. ↑ "Brazilian Championship 1987". Rsssfbrasil.com.
  30. 1 2 O Curioso do Futebol - Corinthians 1 x 0 São Paulo, final do Campeonato Brasileiro de 1990 (Rede Bandeirantes)
  31. ↑ Folha de S. Paulo (August 9, 1997) - Rodada do Brasileiro inaugura sistema pay-per-view dos jogos
  32. ↑ Trivela (UOL) - O que aconteceu quando o Campeonato Brasileiro foi dividido entre duas emissoras Archived May 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ "Vasco e SBT, tudo a ver - ISTOÉ Independente". Istoe.com.br. January 24, 2001. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  34. ↑ "FUTEBOL". Terra.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Folha de S.Paulo - Futebol: Grandes do Clube dos 13 vão receber mais da TV - 11/04/2001". 1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  36. ↑ "Brasileirão 2003: Clube dos 13 e Globo fecham acordo". Douradosnews.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  37. ↑ "Globo fecha contrato exclusivo para o Brasileirão até 2009 :: Futebol do Norte". futeboldonorte.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  38. ↑ "Olhar Crônico Esportivo » O dinheiro da TV em 2009 » Arquivo". globoesporte.globo.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Globo garante direitos de transmissão do Brasileirão de 2009 a 2011". Propmark.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Corinthians rompe oficialmente com o Clube dos 13". Gazeta Esportiva.Net. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013.
  41. ↑ "Botafogo pede desfiliação do Clube dos 13 | globoesporte.com". Globoesporte.globo.com.
  42. ↑ "Clubes do RJ anunciam rompimento, e o Corinthians deixa o Clube dos 13". Globoesporte.globo.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  43. ↑ "Clubes adotam cautela a respeito da licitação dos direitos do Brasileirão". Globoesporte.globo.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Ex-aliado do Clube dos 13, Bahia acerta com a Globo". Esportes.terra.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  45. ↑ "PVC: Pobre futebol rico". Folha.com. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  46. ↑ "SporTV fecha acordo com Fox Sports, transmitirá a Libertadores e cede direitos do Brasileirão". 04/12/2012.
  47. ↑ "Só a Globo vai transmitir o Brasileirão 2016. Crise deixa a Band de fora | VEJA.com". VEJA.com. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Futebol na TV: Esporte Interativo acerta com mais cinco clubes – e ainda quer o Palmeiras | VEJA.com". VEJA.com. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  49. ↑ "A clubes, Globo nega 'espanholização' do futebol brasileiro". Espn.uol.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Espanholização? Como receitas com TV são divididas nas maiores ligas do mundo - Blog Dinheiro em Jogo". globoesporte.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  51. ↑ "MÉDIAS DE PÚBLICO EM CAMPEONATOS NACIONAIS". Rsssbrasil.com. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Os recordes do Campeonato Brasileiro da Série A". Campeoesdofutebol.com. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Público do Brasileirão". Globesporte.globo.com. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Números interessantes de público e ingresso médio no Brasileirão - Blog Olhar Crônico Esportivo". globoesporte.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  55. ↑ "Torcida empurra, e Fla é campeão com melhor média de público desde 1987 - 08/12/2009 - UOL Esporte - Futebol". esporte.uol.com.br. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  56. ↑ "Danilo entre os dez que mais atuaram no Brasileirão desde 1971 - Esporte - UOL Esporte". Futebolemnumeros.blogosfrea.uol.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  57. ↑ "Teste de fogo para o "novo" Campeonato Brasileiro" (in Portuguese). UOL. 2003. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Futpédia statistics". Placar. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
  59. ↑ (May 2010) Guia Brasileirão 2010. Placar n. 1342. Editora Abril, pg. 121
  60. ↑ "Unificação de titles traz mudanças importantes nas estatísticas" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. December 16, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
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