Fluminense FC

Fluminense
Full name Fluminense Football Club
Nickname(s) Tricolor, Flu, Nense, Fluzão, Pó de Arroz, Time de Guerreiros, Máquina Tricolor
Founded 21 July 1902 (1902-07-21)
Stadium Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil and Estádio das Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
President Pedro Abad
Current coach Marcelo Oliveira
League Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Campeonato Carioca
Brasileirão, 14th
Cariocão, 3rd
Website Club website

Fluminense Football Club (Brazilian Portuguese: [flumiˈnẽsi ˈfutʃibow ˈklɐb]), known simply as Fluminense or Tricolor, is a Brazilian sports club best known for its football team that plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A,[nb 1] the top tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca,[nb 2] the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. Fluminense plays their home games at the Maracanã Stadium, which currently holds up to 78,838 spectators.

The club was founded on 21 July 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats, being led by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian sportsman, in the bairro of Flamengo, a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on. Cox was elected as the club's first president. Fluminense have been state champions on 31 occasions, second only to Flamengo with 34. The team have been national champions four times, most recently in 2012 in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, they won the Copa do Brasil in 2007.


Fluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Although football was the club's original endeavor, the club is today an umbrella organisation for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities. Fluminense's home kit is dark red-and-green vertical striped shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks; this combination has been used since 1920. Under Armour is the kit manufacturer. Fluminense holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably against Flamengo (Fla-Flu), as well as with Botafogo and Vasco da Gama. It has contributed the fifth-most players to Brazil's national football team.[1]

History

Oscar Cox, founder of Fluminense
The team that won its first Campeonato Carioca, in 1906
Laranjeiras Stadium, the Brazilian national team's first ground
The Fluminense team in 1908, posing with the trophies won

Fluminense Football Club was founded on 21 July 1902 in Rio de Janeiro by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian of English heritage,[2] in the then aristocratic neighbourhood of Laranjeiras.[3] Fluminense was formed by sons of the elite who had come into contact with football while studying in Europe.[4]

The first official match was played against now defunct Rio FC, and Fluminense won 8–0.[2] The club's first title came in 1906, when Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca.[2]

In 1911, disagreement between Fluminense players led to the formation of Flamengo's football team.[2] The so-called Fla-Flu derby is considered one of the biggest in the history of Brazilian football.[5] Three years later, in Fluminense's stadium, the Brazilian national football team debuted, against touring English club Exeter City.[2] It was also there that they won their first title, in 1919.[6]

Preguinho, a Fluminense notable player

By 1924, Fluminense had 4,000 members, a stadium for 25,000 people, and facilities that impressed clubs in Europe.[7]

In an unfortunate event in 1914, Carlos Alberto, a mulatto playing for Fluminense, decided to cover himself in face powder to disguise the color of his skin. This ultimately led to one of the club's nicknames, pó de arroz, which is the Portuguese for 'white powder'.[8][9] Although, like almost all football teams in Brazil at the time, racism was common among Fluminense supporters, Fluminense had a long history of black players even before football became a professional sport.[10] [11] [12]

The following years saw an expansion of the club's hegemony in Rio. Fluminense would remain unsurpassed in terms of state championships until 2009.[13] International acclaim came in 1949 with the awarding of the Olympic Cup, and was further fostered in 1952 with Fluminense's first intercontinental honour, the Copa Rio.[2][14] The club established itself regionally with victory in two Torneio Rio-São Paulo cups in 1957 and 1960.[2] National honors followed in 1970, 1984, 2010 and 2012 with Taça de Prata and Série A cups, respectively.,[2] also taking the Cup in Brazil in 2007.

From the 1950s, with the creation of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament, the forerunner of what eventually would become the national championship, Fluminense established itself regionally by winning the tournament title in the years of 1957 and 1960.

From the 1960s, the first national championships began to be played in Brazil. Fluminense's first national title came in 1970; at that time, Brazil had the best players in world football, and all of them played in Brazilian clubs. Although its squad was not counted among the main contenders of the season in Brazil, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship and surpassed the great strengths of the time in Santos, Palmeiras and Cruzeiro.

In the 1970s, Fluminense signed several famous players like Roberto Rivellino. This time, called "maquina tricolor", they won the state championship in the years of 1975 and 1976. In the national championship, Fluminense lost in the semifinal matches to Internacional in 1975 and Corinthians in 1976.

Fluminense again became Brazilian champions in 1984. This time, they won the state Championship in the years of 1983, 1984 and 1985 with players like Romerito, Ricardo Gomes, Deley, and the "Casal Vinte": Assis and Washington.

At the end of the 1980s, Copa do Brasil was created, inspired by the Cup tournaments played in European countries. Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil for the first time in 1992, but lost to Internacional de Porto Alegre.

In 2002, 2005 and 2012, Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca again. In 2005 Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil again, but lost to Paulista Futebol Clube.

In 2007, Fluminense won the Copa do Brasil, after beating Figueirense in the final, and was admitted to the Copa Libertadores again after 23 years.[2][15] The club's campaign saw them reach the final and included remarkable matches against Arsenal de Sarandí, São Paulo and Boca Juniors.[16][17][18] Fluminense lost the final to LDU Quito in a penalty shootout.[19]

After signing 27 players and going through 5 different managers in 2009, Fluminense found themselves struggling to avoid another relegation from Série A.[20] With less than one-third of the championship left, the mathematical probability of the club's relegation was 98%.[21] At this point, manager Cuca decided to dispense with some of the more experienced players and gave Fluminense's youngsters a chance.[22] That, along with Fred's recovery from a serious injury and substantial support from the fans, allowed not only a sensational escape from relegation, but also placed Fluminense in the final of the Copa Sudamericana.[23][24] For the second year in a row, the club contested a continental cup. In a repeat of the previous year's Copa Libertadores, Fluminense lost the final to LDU Quito.[25]

The Flu players before playing the 2008 Copa Libertadores final match

In 2010, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship for the third time in their history, marking their third national championship after 1970 and 1984. It was also the fourth title for coach Muricy Ramalho in a decade: Ramalho had won the title three times in a row with São Paulo from 2006 to 2008. Darío Conca was named the Brazilian Championship's Player of the Season, while Fred and Washington were decisive players in Fluminense's winning campaign.

On 23 May 2012, Fluminense lost the semifinal qualification match to Boca Juniors from Argentina, for the continental club football cup, Copa Libertadores.[26] Later that year, on 11 November, they won their fourth Brazilian championship after defeating the near-relegated Palmeiras 3–2.[27] Fluminense won the Série A for the fourth time on 11 November 2012.[28]

Performance

Fluminense have taken part in 36 of the 38 official Serie A championships organized in Brazil since 1971.[29]

YearPositionParticipantsYearPositionParticipants
1971162019811144
197214261982544
1973234019831844
197424401984141
197534219852244
19764541986648
197726621987716
197822741988324
1979529419891522
1980114419901520
YearPositionParticipantsYearPositionParticipants
19914202001328
199214202002426
1993283220031924
199415242004924
19954242005522
1996232420061520
'2007420
20081420
20091620
20003252010120
YearPositionParticipantsYearPositionParticipants
2011320
2012120
20131520
2014620
20151320
20161320
20171420

Sponsors

Companies that Fluminense Football Club currently has sponsorship deals with include:

  • Under Armour – kit supplier since Feb 2017.
  • Valle Express – master sponsor since Jan 2018.[30]

Records

Fans of Fluminense at the Maracanã
Fluminense luminous mosaic arises, by fans in Maracanã.

Highest attendances – Maracanã[31]

  • 1. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1963 194,603 ¹
  • 2. Fluminense 3–2 Flamengo, 1969 171,599
  • 3. Fluminense 1–0 Botafogo, 1971 160,000
  • 4. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1976 155,116
  • 5. Fluminense 1–0 Flamengo, 1984 153,520
  • 6. Fluminense 1–1 Corinthians, 1976 146,043

¹: 177,656 paying, a record for persons present at Maracanã stadium.

Highest average attendance at public competition for Fluminense

  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Libertadores (RJ): 52,801 (49,011 paying, 2008)
  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Sudamericana (RJ): 29,357 (27,318 paying, 2009)
  • Largest average attendance in international tournaments (RJ): 48,797 (37,541 paying, Copa Rio, 1952)
  • Largest average attendance in national championships (RJ): 43,541 paying (1976)
  • Largest average attendance in the Tournament Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (RJ): 40,408 paying (1970)
  • Largest average attendance in the Brazil Cup (RJ): 27,123 paying (2007)
  • Largest average attendance in the Rio-São Paulo Tournament (RJ): 33,018 paying (1960)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship: 47,814 paying (1969, all stages)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship in the Maracana Stadium: 93,560 paying (1969, 10 matches)

Support

The supporters of Fluminense Football Club are usually related to the upper classes of Rio de Janeiro.[32] However, the popularity of the club reaches beyond the city limits. Recent polls have estimated the number of supporters to be between 1.3% and 3.7% of the Brazilian population.[33] Considering a population of 185 million people,[34] that would account for numbers between 2.73 and 6.84 million.

The best attendance ever observed in a match of Fluminense was registered on 15 December 1963 in a rally against Flamengo. On that day, an impressive number of 194,000 people showed up at Maracanã stadium.[35] This occasion remains as the stadium's record for a match between clubs.[36]

Notable supporters of Fluminense include composers Cartola and Chico Buarque,[37][38] FIFA president of honor João Havelange,[5] musician Ivan Lins,[39] poet and actor Mário Lago,[40] journalist and songwriter Nelson Motta,[41] dramatist, journalist and writer Nelson Rodrigues,[41] 1970 FIFA World Cup winner Gérson, Paris Saint-Germain central defender Thiago Silva, former Minister of Culture. Silvio Santos, the owner of SBT, the second largest Brazilian television network,[42] and the Academy Award nominee Fernanda Montenegro.[43]

Titles

Some of the trophies won by Fluminense, exhibited at the club: (left): Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa Rio amongst others; (right) the Copa do Brasil won in 2007

Worldwide

National

Regional

Local

  • Campeonato Carioca: (31) 1906, 1907¹, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012

Fluminense main derbies

  • Fla-Flu, also called Derby of Crowds ('Clássico das Multidões'),[44] played with Flamengo;
  • Giants' Derby ('Clássico dos Gigantes'); played with Vasco da Gama;
  • Grandpa Derby ('Clássico Vovô'), played with Botafogo (name due to the fact that both are the oldest football teams in Rio de Janeiro);

According to the fluzao.info site, the average paying public at the principal classics of Fluminense played in the Estádio do Maracanã is 60,107 against Flamengo, 43,735 against Vasco, 34,359 against Botafogo, 25,127 against America and 22,527 against Bangu. These statistics could be about 20% higher, given the issues of the distribution of gratuities at Maracanã.[45]

Corinthians vs Fluminense, the great Fluminense interstate derby

Considering the interstate clashes, the derby against Corinthians is perhaps the most representative among the various confrontations with big Brazilian clubs played by Fluminense, given the fact that these clubs often intersect at decisive moments in their seasons, either at the Rio Cup, at direct contests in several Rio-São Paulo Tournaments since 1940, or at the qualifying rounds of the Championship or Cup of Brazil,[46][47] in the great struggle of the 2010 Série A when the two clubs contending for the title from the early stages of the championship with Corinthians being beaten for the Championship by Fluminense in the final round, as was the case in 2011, when Corinthians were crowned champions and the Tricolor, considered the best team during the second round of the league, were placed third after the final match day.

Players

Current squad

As of 19 August 2018[48]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 Brazil GK Marcos Felipe
2 Brazil DF Gilberto (on loan from Fiorentina)
3 Brazil DF Gum (captain)
5 Brazil MF Airton
6 Brazil DF Ayrton Lucas
7 Brazil FW Pablo Dyego
8 Ecuador MF Bryan Cabezas (on loan from Atalanta)
9 Brazil FW Pedro
10 Ecuador MF Junior Sornoza
11 Brazil FW Junior Dutra (on loan from Corinthians)
12 Brazil DF Marlon (on loan from Criciúma)
13 Brazil DF Frazan
14 Brazil DF Digão (on loan from Cruzeiro)
15 Brazil MF Dodi (on loan from Criciúma)
16 Brazil MF Jadson
17 Brazil FW Kayke (on loan from Yokohama F. Marinos)
18 Brazil FW Luciano
No. Position Player
21 Brazil MF Caio
22 Brazil GK Júlio César
25 Brazil MF Richard
26 Brazil MF Mateus Norton
27 Uruguay GK Guillermo de Amores (on loan from Boston River)
28 Brazil FW Mateus Alessandro
29 Brazil FW João Carlos (on loan from Cabofriense)
30 Brazil FW Marquinhos Calazans
32 Brazil DF Paulo Ricardo (on loan from Sion)
33 Brazil DF Léo (on loan from Flamengo)
35 Brazil FW Marcos Júnior
36 Brazil MF Luquinhas
38 Brazil MF Dudu
39 Brazil GK Rodolfo (on loan from Atlético Paranaense)
41 Brazil DF Ibañez

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
— Brazil DF Alan Fialho (on loan at Volta Redonda until 9 April 2018)
— Brazil DF Derlan (on loan at Paysandu until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil DF Giovanni (on loan at América Mineiro until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil DF Igor Julião (on loan at Slovakia Flu Šamorín until 30 June 2018)
— Brazil DF Léo (on loan at Bahia until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil DF Mascarenhas (on loan at Botafogo-SP until 9 April 2018)
— Brazil DF Nogueira (on loan at Figueirense until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil DF Reginaldo (on loan at Ponte Preta until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil MF Marlon Freitas (on loan at Criciúma until 30 November 2018)
— Brazil MF Danielzinho (on loan at Botafogo-SP until 9 April 2018)
— Brazil MF Dudu (on loan at Saudi Arabia Ohod Club until 31 May 2018)
No. Position Player
— Brazil MF Edson (on loan at Bahia until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil MF Felipe Amorim (on loan at Figueirense until 31 December 2018)
29 Brazil MF Luiz Fernando (on loan at United States Minnesota United until 31 December 2018)
— Ecuador MF Jefferson Orejuela (on loan at LDU Quito until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil MF Willian (on loan at Botafogo-SP until 9 April 2018)
77 Brazil FW Lucas Fernandes (on loan at Paraná until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil FW Peu (on loan at Paysandu until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil FW Wellington Silva (on loan at Internacional until 31 December 2018)
— Brazil FW Robinho (on loan at América Mineiro until 31 December 2018)

First-team staff

As of April 2017.
Position Name Nationality
Head coach Marcelo Oliveira  Brazilian
Assistant coach Matheus Costa  Brazilian
Fitness coaches Flávio Vignoli  Brazilian
Jefferson Souza  Brazilian

Head coaches

Statistics

Players with most appearances

Name Matches
1stBrazil Castilho699
2ndBrazil Pinheiro603
3rdBrazil Telê Santana556
4thBrazil Altair549
5thBrazil Escurinho490
6thBrazil Rubens Galaxe462
7thBrazil Denílson433
8thBrazil Assis (Defender)424
9thBrazil Waldo403
10thBrazil Marcão (Midfielder)397

Top goalscorers

Name Goals Years
1stBrazil Waldo3191954–61
2ndBrazil Orlando Pingo de Ouro1881945–55
3rdBrazil Fred1722009–16
4thBrazil Hércules1651935–42
5thBrazil Telê Santana1641950–61
6thEngland Welfare1631913–23
7thRussia Russo1491933–44
8thBrazil Preguinho1281925–39
9thBrazil Washington1241983–89
10thBrazil Magno Alves1211998–2002 / 2015-

Coaches with most appearances

Name Matches
1stBrazil Zezé Moreira467
2ndUruguay Ondino Viera300
3rdBrazil Abel Braga202
4thBrazil Renato Gaúcho178
5thBrazil Tim166
6thBrazil Nelsinho Rosa156
7thBrazil Carlos Alberto Parreira146
8thBrazil Sylvio Pirillo138
9thBrazil Luís Vinhaes137
10thBrazil Paulo Emílio126

Notes

  1. ↑ Also known by its nickname Brasileirão.
  2. ↑ Also known by its nickname Cariocão.

References

  1. ↑ RSSSF Brasil - Jogadores cedidos por clube na história da Seleção Brasileira (in Portuguese) - Retrieved 15 September 2018
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Fluminense – Forever Flu". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  3. ↑ "Fluminense fiesta". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 22 August 2002. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  4. ↑ "How football conquered Brazil". 18 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  5. 1 2 "Passion, carnival and crazy goals". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 13 July 2001. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  6. ↑ "Southamerican Championship 1919". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  7. ↑ Mason, Tony (1995). Passion of the people? Football in South America. Verso. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-86091-403-7. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  8. ↑ Rodrigues, Mário (2003). O negro no futebol brasileiro (in Portuguese). Mauad. pp. 36, 37, 41, 44, 51, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 77, 210, 281. ISBN 978-85-7478-096-2. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  9. ↑ "Pó-de-arroz: provocação que virou símbolo". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 March 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  10. ↑ "No Dia da Consciência Negra, Fluminense põe os "pingos nos is" e desmistifica rótulos racistas". explosaotricolor.com (in Portuguese). 5 Nov 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  11. ↑ "Fluminense desmistifica origem do apelido "Pó de arroz"" (in Portuguese). netflu. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "A mentira que ganhou ares verdadeiros, agora cai por terra". canelada (in Portuguese). 14 May 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  13. ↑ "Fla consolida supremacia com seis títulos na década". Jornal O Dia (in Portuguese). 4 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  14. ↑ "Fluminense Football Club – Conquistas" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  15. ↑ "Fluminense volta à Libertadores após 23 anos". UOL Esporte (in Portuguese). 6 June 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  16. ↑ "Flu massacra Arsenal em noite de gala". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 March 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  17. ↑ "Flu leva a melhor no Maraca e está na semifinal da Taça Libertadores". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 21 May 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  18. ↑ Leach, Conrad (6 June 2008). "Flu flay Boca as Brazilians fly into final". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  19. ↑ Duarte, Fernando (4 July 2008). "Fluminense in mourning after Maracana party turns to tears". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  20. ↑ "Balcão de negócios e alta rotatividade ajudam a explicar desespero do Flu". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 October 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  21. ↑ "Degola mais próxima: Fluminense tem 98% de chances de rebaixamento". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 9 October 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  22. ↑ "Por xeque-mate contra queda, Cuca celebra troca de peças no Tricolor". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 4 November 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  23. ↑ "Fred saves the day for Flu". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  24. ↑ "A média de público final do Campeonato Brasileiro 2009". O Globo (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  25. ↑ "Fluminense luta até o fim, mas título fica novamente com a LDU, verdadeiro algoz". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 3 December 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  26. ↑ "Fluminense está eliminado da Libertadores". Bagarai.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  27. ↑ Danilo Lavieri, Danilo; Rodrigues, Renan (11 November 2012). "Fluminense vence com gols de Fred, vira tetra brasileiro e deixa Palmeiras a um jogo da queda". UOL Esportes (in Portuguese). Presidente Prudente. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  28. ↑ "Fluminense crowned champions". Goal.com. 12 November 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  29. ↑ "RECORDS OF FLUMINENSE IN MAJOR COMPETITIONS" (in Portuguese). Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  30. ↑ "Fluminense anuncia Valle Express como patrocinadora Master" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  31. ↑ "OS MAIORES PÚBLICOS DO FLUMINENSE FOOTBALL CLUB NA HISTÓRIA (ACIMA DE 90.000):". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  32. ↑ "Perfil dos torcedores do Rio". Jornal O Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  33. ↑ "Brazilian Clubs with Most Fans". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  34. ↑ "Contagem da População 2007" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 21 December 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  35. ↑ "Best attendances in matches of Fluminense". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  36. ↑ "Best Attendances in Brazil" (in Portuguese). Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  37. ↑ "Brasil está em débito com Cartola". O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). 27 December 2000. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  38. ↑ Hunt, Jemima (18 July 2004). "The lionised king of Rio". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  39. ↑ "Tricolor Skylab se desespera com show na mesma hora da final em Quito". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 25 June 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  40. ↑ "MST e Fluminense presentes na última homenagem a Mário Lago". Jornal do Brasil Online (in Portuguese). 31 May 2002. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  41. 1 2 Motta, Nelson; Gueiros, Pedro (2004). Fluminense: a breve e gloriosa história de uma máquina de jogar bola (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Geração Editorial. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-85-00-01574-8. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  42. ↑ "Fluminense homenageia grandes torcedores". Terra (in Portuguese). 17 December 2001. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  43. ↑ "Fernanda Montenegro leva os netos ao Engenhão". Extra (in Portuguese). 11 December 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  44. ↑ Livro “Fla-Flu... E as Multidões Despertaram”, de Nélson Rodrigues e Mário Filho (Edição Europa, 1987).
  45. ↑ "Estatísticas Fluminense". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  46. ↑ "Blog da Flusócio – O Fluminense somos todos nós!". Blog da Flusócio. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  47. ↑ PC Filho. "Jornalheiros: Recordar é viver – A invasão corintiana em 1976". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  48. ↑ "Elenco". Fluminense's official professional roster. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
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