Birnaviridae is a family of viruses. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently six species in this family, divided among 4 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: IPNV: infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. chronic infection in adult, and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish.[1][2]
Structure
Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, around 15.2.3-3kb in length. The genome codes for 5 to 6 proteins.[1]
Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
Avibirnavirus | Icosahedral | T=13 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented |
Aquabirnavirus | Icosahedral | T=13 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented |
Blosnavirus | Icosahedral | T=13 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented |
Entomobirnavirus | Icosahedral | T=13 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented |
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact.[1]
Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
Avibirnavirus | Birds | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Contact |
Aquabirnavirus | Salmonid fish | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Contact |
Blosnavirus | Blotched snakehead fish | None | Unknown | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
Entomobirnavirus | Insects: diptera | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
Taxonomy
Group: dsRNA
[2]
References
- 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ↑ Shwed PS, Dobos P, Cameron LA, Vakharia VN, Duncan R (May 2002). "Birnavirus VP1 proteins form a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases lacking a GDD motif". Virology. 296 (2): 241–250. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1334. PMID 12069523.
- 1 2 3 Jagadish MN, Staton VJ, Hudson PJ, Azad AA (March 1988). "Birnavirus precursor polyprotein is processed in Escherichia coli by its own virus-encoded polypeptide". J. Virol. 62 (3): 1084–7. PMC 253673. PMID 2828658.
- ↑ Moon CH, Do JW, Cha SJ, Bang JD, Park MA, Yoo DJ, Lee JM, Kim HG, Chung DK, Park JW (October 2004). "Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 and VP3 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and marine birnavirus". Arch. Virol. 149 (10): 2059–68. PMID 15669113.
- 1 2 Heppell J, Tarrab E, Lecomte J, Berthiaume L, Arella M (December 1995). "Strain variability and localization of important epitopes on the major structural protein (VP2) of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus". Virology. 214 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.9956. PMID 8525637.
- ↑ Nobiron I, Galloux M, Henry C, Torhy C, Boudinot P, Lejal N, Da Costa B, Delmas B (February 2008). "Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family". Virology. 371 (2): 350–61. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.022. PMID 17976679.