Beit Lahia

Beit Lahia
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic بيت لاهيا
 • Also spelled Bayt Lahiya (official)

Municipal Seal of Beit Lahia
Beit Lahia
Location of Beit Lahia within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°33′14″N 34°30′05″E / 31.55389°N 34.50139°E / 31.55389; 34.50139Coordinates: 31°33′14″N 34°30′05″E / 31.55389°N 34.50139°E / 31.55389; 34.50139
Palestine grid 102/106
Governorate North Gaza
Government
 • Type City
 • Head of Municipality Izz al-Din al-Dahnoun
Population (2006)
 • Jurisdiction 59,540
Name meaning "House of Lahi"[1]
Website www.bietlahia.mun.ps

Beit Lahia (Arabic: بيت لاهيا‎) is a city located in the Gaza Strip north of Jabalia, near Beit Hanoun and the 1949 Armistice Line with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 59,540 in mid-year 2006.[2] Hamas political party is still administering the city, together with the entire Gaza Strip, after winning the 2005 municipal elections.

Geography

The word "Lahia" is Syriac and means "desert" or "fatigue". It is surrounded by sand dunes, some rise to 55 m (180 ft) above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large sycamore fig trees. The city is known for its fresh, sweet water, berries and citrus trees.[3] According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.[1]

History

Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins.[3] It has been suggested that it was Bethelia, home town of Sozomen, where there was a temple.[4] Ceramics from the Byzantine period have been found.[5] A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicating the direction of salaah (prayer), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatamid period and beginning of the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin, and two other mosques dating to the Ottoman period.[3]

Yaqut al-Hamawi († 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near Ghazzah", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".[6]

Mamluk period

A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an epitaph over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of Rajab 897 (=29 April-9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by Mujir al-Din, which ravaged Palestine in 1491-2.[7]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 Muslim households and paid a fix tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.[8]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district.[9]

In May 1863 Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it as "peopled by 250 inhabitants, it occupies an oblong valley, well cultivated, and surrounded by high sand-dunes, which cause a great heat. It is a little oasis, incessantly menaced by moving sand-hills, which surround it on every side, and would engulf it were it not for the continued struggle of man to arrest their progress".[10] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.[11][12]

In 1883 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south [..] There is a small mosque in the village."[4]

Mandatory Palestine

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Lahia had a population of 871 inhabitants, all Muslims,[13] increasing by the 1931 census to 1,133, still all Muslim, in 223 houses.[14]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 Muslims[15] and the land area was 38,376 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[16] Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals,[17] while 18 dunams were built-up areas.[18]

Post-1948

On January 4, 2005 seven civilian residents of Beit Lahia, including six members of the same family, were killed, with the incident blamed on shelling by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the agricultural area where they were working. On June 9, 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells, while picnicking on the northern Gazan beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family.[19] The IDF disputed they were responsible.[20] The town is a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel and has been a battlefield between Israel and Hamas. The Ibrahim al-Maqadna mosque was hit by Israeli missiles in 2009, resulting in 13 deaths.

References

  1. 1 2 Palmer, 1881, p. 358
  2. ↑ Projected Mid -Year Population for North Gaza Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
  3. 1 2 3 Beit Lahaia Archived 2013-08-23 at the Wayback Machine. Municipality of Gaza.
  4. 1 2 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 233-234
  5. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 881
  6. ↑ le Strange, 1890, p. 414
  7. ↑ Sharon, 1999, pp. 149-151
  8. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144
  9. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 118
  10. ↑ Guérin, 1869, p. 176, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 234
  11. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 146
  12. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 129 also noted 118 houses
  13. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
  14. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 2
  15. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45
  17. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86
  18. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136
  19. ↑ The Guardian: Death on the beach: seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic, June 10, 2006
  20. ↑ Haaretz: IDF probe: Gaza beach blast not caused by wayward army shell

Bibliography

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
  • Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Sharon, M. (1999). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C. II. BRILL. ISBN 9004110836.
  • Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
  • Strange, le, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
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