Bangladeshi general election, 2008

Bangladeshi general election, 2008
29 December 2008 (2008-12-29)
All 300 seats in the Jatiyo Sangshad
151 seats were needed for a majority

  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Sheikh Hasina Khaleda Zia Hussain Muhammad Ershad
Party Awami League BNP Jatiya Party (E)
Leader since 1981 1984 1986
Leader's seat Gopalganj-3 Feni-1 Rangpur
Last election 62 seats, 40.02% 193 seats, 41.40% 14 seats, 7.22%
Seats won 230 30 27
Seat change Increase 168 Decrease 170 Increase 13
Popular vote 33,887,451 22,963,836 4,867,377
Percentage 49.0% 33.20% 7.00%
Swing Increase 8.98% Decrease 8.20% Decrease 0.22%
Prime Minister before election

Fakhruddin Ahmed (Acting)
Independent

 Subsequent Prime Minister

Sheikh Hasina
Awami League

Bangladesh
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Bangladesh

The Ninth National Parliamentary Elections 2008 (Bengali: নবম জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন ২০০৮) were held in Bangladesh on 29 December 2008. The two main parties in the election were the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by Khaleda Zia, and the Bangladesh Awami League Party, led by Sheikh Hasina. The Bangladesh Awami League Party formed a fourteen-party Grand Alliance including Ershad's Jatiya Party,[1] while the BNP formed a four-party alliance which included the Islamist party Jamaat-e-Islami.[2] The election was originally scheduled for January 2007, but it was postponed by a military-controlled caretaker government for an extended period of time.

The election resulted in a landslide victory for the Awami League-led grand alliance,[3] which won 263 seats out 300. The main rival four-party alliance received only 32 seats, with the remaining four going to independent candidates. Polling in the constituency of Noakhali-1 was postponed due to the mysterious death of the AL candidate. The election for the seat was held on 12 January 2009 instead[4] and was won by the BNP candidate.[5]

Main political parties

On 11 December, Bangladesh Awami League formed a coalition with the Jatiya Party led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad once deposed through mass uprising. The coalition included some other minor parties. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BNP in short, continued with its alliance with Jamaat-e-Islami formed for the national election of 2001 to participate in the 2008 election. If Jatiyo Party wins more than 35 seats, it will be able to negotiate a better deal with Awami League on sharing of power and in forming government.

Awami League-led coalition (Grand Alliance)

The Bangladesh Awami League (AL) decided to participate in the 2008 parliamentary election under the name of "Grand Alliance" with the Jatiya Party led by General Ershad as its main partner. The AL contested the polls for 245 constituencies. Awami League conceded as many as 46 out of 300 parliamentary constituencies to Jatiya Party (JP).

Workers Party president Rashed Khan Menon contested for Dhaka-8, its general secretary Bimal Biswas for Narail-1, its politburo member Fazle Hossain Badsha for Rajshahi-2, Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal president Hasanul Haq Inu for Kushtia-2, its leaders Moinuddin Khan Badal for Chittagong-8, Rezaul Karim Tansen for Bogra-4, Shah Ahmed Jikrul for Brahmanbaria-5 and Gias Uddin for Mymensingh-9.

The Awami League kept the Noakhali-1 constituency reserved, where the election has been postponed following the death of Ganatantri Party leader Mohammad Nurul Islam in a mysterious fire. The alliance has kept three more seats (Nilphamari-4, Khulna-3 and Sylhet-3) open for both AL and JP candidates to contest for. Notably, as of 18 December 2008, some candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country notwithstanding a contrary decision from the Election Commission.

BNP-led coalition (4-Party Alliance)

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies contested for 296 out of 300 in the 2008 election. The Election Commission cancelled candidacy of nominees of BNP in four constituencies. The BNP and its allies could not reach a consensus on sharing six constituencies. Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami contested in the election in 38 constituencies although BNP agreed to offer Jamaat 34 seats. BNP conceded two seats each to its three smaller allies which were Bangladesh Jatiya Party-BJP, Islami Oikya Jote and Jamiat-e-Olama-e-Islam. BNP was able to place any candidate for four constituencies which were Barisal-1, Moulvibazar-2, Sirajganj-5 and Narail-2. However, two BNP rebels emerged as valid independent candidates in Barisal-1 and Moulvibazar-2. They were Jahiruddin Swapan in Barisal-1 and former lawmaker MM Shaheen in Moulvibazar-2. Notably, as of 18 December 2008, some candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country notwithstanding a contrary decision of the Election Commission.

Formation of the caretaker government

The BNP-Jamat led coalition government attempted to run an election in 2006. Awami League and other parties arranged various processions and strikes, protesting that the election result was pre-arranged in the government's favour. In course of time the clash between the Government and Opposition became very violent and in the Care-taker Government's period violence engulfed the nation. The President proclaimed his authority as the chief of the Care-Taker Government and eventually had to fall to the demand of the people. With the intervention of the Army the President had to resign from his Chief-Advisor's post and Fakhruddin Ahmed was appointed as the new chief adviser.[6] The media referred to Ahmed's government as "military-backed".[7][8][9] The military-controlled government worked on a minus-two formula which meant ousting Hasina and Zia, who were two popular political leaders of the country. While all political activities were suspended under the state of emergency, the government ployed to recast the political system of the country with people of high national and international stature. In accordance with this plan, Nobel Peace Prize-winner Muhammad Yunus announced the foundation of a new party called Citizens' Power.[10] However, soon Yunus rejected entering politics, claiming a lack of support.

Struggle for new elections

Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban (2014)

On 5 April 2007, the country's Chief Election Commissioner, ATM Shamsul Huda, declared that the elections would need to be pushed back at least eighteen months.[11] On 12 April, Ahmed announced in a televised speech to the nation that the next parliamentary election would be held before the end of 2008.[12] On 15 July 2007, Bangladesh Election Commission published a road map for the election, promising a compilation of voter lists by October 2008 and an official election call before the end of that year.[13] The constitution of Bangladesh, however, provides holding election within 120 days of the formation of a caretaker government.

After the election, the Jatiyo Sangshad will have to elect the next President of Bangladesh. The presidential election should have taken place by 5 September 2007 when Iajuddin Ahmed's term expired. But the election was postponed as the Constitution of Bangladesh permits to delay the presidential election until a new Jatiyo Sangshad is formed.[14] On 9 September 2007, President Ahmed addressed the nation and recalled indoor politics with strict conditions to facilitate preparation for the election and reaffirmed his commitment to hold the election on time or earlier.[15] In early October, the Chief Election Commissioner Huda stated elections could be held by October 2008 if the electoral roll could be compiled by July 2008.[16]

Talks between the government and two smaller parties started on 22 May 2008, with the government indicating it would hold talks with all parties in short time.[17] However, both the Awami League and the BNP declined to attend these talks as long as their leaders were still detained.[18] Voters lists were announced to be ready on 22 July 2008.[19]

On 4 August 2008, mayor and city council elections were held in Sylhet, Khulna, Barisal and Rajshahi cities.[20] BBC News reported that the candidates supported by the Awami League won twelve of the thirteen city corporations and municipalities voting, according to election commission officials.[20] Finally, Chief Adviser Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed announced on 21 September that the general election would be held on 18 December.[21]

Election banners of candidates promoted across many cities in Bangladesh

The BNP called for a delay of the election until January 2009, while the Awami League was against such a delay. As a compromise, the election was postponed from 18 to 29 December.[22] In a response to the demand of the major political parties, on 17 December 2008, the two-year-long state of emergency was lifted.[23]

Supreme Court ruling

Notably, as of 20 December, as many as 35 prospective candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country to contest in the election notwithstanding a contrary decision of the Election Commission. A winner among them will lose a seat in the parliament if the Supreme Court of Bangladesh turns down the High Court decision.

Party Number of candidates[24]
Islamic Front Bangladesh 2
Islamic Movement Bangladesh 266
Islami Oikya Jote 4
United Citizens Movement 11
Krishak Shramik Janata League 46
Democratic Party 5
People's Front 14
Gano Forum 45
Jamaat-e-Ulama Islam Bangladesh 7
Zaker Party 37
National Democratic Party 2
Jatiya Party 46
Jatiya Party-JP 7
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-Jasad 6
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD 44
National People's Party 29
Progressive Democratic Party 21
Freedom Party 2
Bangladesh Awami League 259
Bangladesh Islamic Front 18
Bangladesh Kalayan Party 39
Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan 32
Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis 8
Bangladesh Jatiya Party 10
Bangladesh Jatiya Party-BJP 2
Bangladesh Nationalist Party 256
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 39
Bangladesh Tarikat Federation 31
Bangladesh National Awami Party 14
Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP 5
Bangladesh Muslim League 5
Bangladesher Samajtantrik Dal 57
Workers Party of Bangladesh 5
Communist Party of Bangladesh 38
Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh 5
Bangladesher Samayabadi Dal (ML) 1
Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh 62
Liberal Democratic Party 18
Independent 141
Total: 1538

Election

The Bangladesh Election Commission announced the following statistics:

  • Registered voters: 81,130,973
  • Candidates: 1,538
  • Constituencies: 300
  • Registered parties: 32

The voter turnout of 80 percent (81 million eligible voters) was the highest in the history of Bangladeshi elections.[25][26] This was the first time elections used national ID cards with photographs to avoid bogus voting, which was an UN-funded initiative of digital electoral roll.[27][28] Priore to the elections, 11 million false names could be removed from the voter lists.[29]

Percent Vote, of total, by party

  Grand Alliance (57.2%)
  4 Party Alliance (37.9%)
  Independents (4.9%)

Seats, of total, by party

  Grand Alliance (87.3%)
  4 Party Alliance (10%)
  Independents (2.7%)

About 50,000 soldiers of Bangladeshi Army and 600,000 police officers were deployed to guard against election fraud and violence.[29] However, two people were killed in post election violence.[30] 200,000 electoral observers, including 2,500 from outside Bangladesh, monitored the elections and confirmed their free and fair nature. Before the elections, the army-backed caretaker government took measures to eliminate corruption from the process.

 Summary of the 9th Bangladeshi Jatiyo Sangshad election
Alliance Party Votes % Seats Change
Grand Alliance Bangladesh Awami League 33,887,451 49.0% 230 +168
Jatiya Party 4,867,377 7.0% 27 +16
Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal 429,773 0.6% 3 +2
Workers Party of Bangladesh 214,440 0.3% 2 +1
Liberal Democratic Party 161,372 0.2% 1 ±0
Four Party Alliance Bangladesh Nationalist Party 22,963,836 33.2% 30 –163
Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh 3,186,384 4.6% 2 –15
Bangladesh Jatiya Party-BJP 95,158 0.1% 1 –4
Islami Oikya Jote - - - -
Independents and others 3,366,858 4.9% 4 –2
Total 69,172,649 99.99% 300
Source: Electoral Commission of Bangladesh seat-wise tally Election commission homepage

Total seats won in all six divisions of Bangladesh[31]
  Awami League   Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)   Jatiya Party   Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (JSD)   Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Jamaat)   Workers Party of Bangladesh (BWP)   Bangladesh Jatiya Party (BJP)   Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)   Independent

Division Awami League BNP Jatiya Party JSD Jamaat BWP BJP LDP Independent Total seats
Barisal 16 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 21
Chittagong 32 18 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 58
Dhaka 87 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 94
Rajshahi 48 8 14 0 0 1 0 0 1 72
Khulna 30 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 36
Sylhet 17 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Total 230 30 27 3 2 2 1 1 4 300

Reactions

  • India Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh congratulated Sheikh Hasina on the landslide victory. Singh conveyed the message "I look forward to working with you towards this end for the mutual benefit of our two people".[32] India's External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee said, "I do hope that once the new government comes, we will discuss the existence of the problem (terrorism emanating from Bangladesh) with them and we will see what best can be done".[33] Other political parties of India, such as Bhartiya Janata Party, Trinamool Congress and CPI(M) also congratulated Sheikh Hasina.[34][35]
  • United States President of United States George W. Bush phoned Sheikh Hasina and congratulated her on assuming the office of Prime Minister of Bangladesh. President Bush, who made the phone call at 6:40 pm Bangladesh time on 11 January, termed Hasina's success in the parliamentary election a "landslide victory", an official handout said. He said the verdict of the people of Bangladesh to establish non-communal democracy is notable. Prime Minister Hasina thanked the US President on behalf of the government and people of Bangladesh and her party. She said the support and cooperation of the USA, along with other countries, toward holding a free, fair and neutral election in Bangladesh was commendable. The principal enemy of Bangladeshi people was poverty, she said and hoped for US cooperation to build a poverty-free Bangladesh. The Prime Minister told the US President that terrorism was one of the main problems in South Asia. She stressed the need for taking an effective joint initiative to fight terrorism in the region.[36]
  • United Kingdom The British prime minister Gordon Brown congratulated Sheikh Hasina on the election victory and her swearing-in as Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, said a release of the British High Commission in Dhaka. Brown said, 'My congratulations on your victory. The UK values its close ties with Bangladesh and we look forward to working with your government to help you meet the expectations of your people. I hope that you will work with all parties to create a brighter future for Bangladesh.

The UK's secretary of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs David Miliband, in the statement, urged the ruling party and the opposition to work together for nation building, shunning politics of confrontation and violence. "The Election Commission, caretaker government and observers have worked hard to create conditions in which free, fair and peaceful elections can take place. "The people of Bangladesh have spoken in huge numbers and they can be proud of the manner in which the elections were conducted", Miliband said in a statement released by the local British high commission. "This is a historic moment for Bangladesh to cast aside the politics of confrontation and violence, in favour of inclusive and consensual democracy", he added. Terming Britain as Bangladesh's friend, he said, "We urge the next government and opposition to work together to meet the expectations of the people in the days and years to come." Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, also greeted Sheikh Hasina for becoming Prime Minister of Bangladesh.[37][38]

  • Germany German Chancellor Angela Merkel has congratulated newly elected Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. In a message of felicitation, the chancellor said she looks forward to further developing the relationship of trust and cooperation between Bangladesh and Germany, reports UNB. Merkel said Germany will continue to be a reliable partner of Bangladesh as it works to strengthen democracy, the rule of law and human rights.[39]
  • China Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has congratulated Sheikh Hasina on her assumption of office of the Prime Minister, expressing the hope that a comprehensive partnership between Dhaka and Beijing would be raised to a new level, reports UNB. In a message of felicitation, Jiabao said Bangladesh and China are intimate and friendly close neighbours. He said since establishment of diplomatic relations 34 years ago, the two countries always maintain mutual understanding, trust and support to each other, and developed fruitful cooperation in every field. This cooperation, he said, has brought substantial benefits to the people of both the countries and made positive contributions to regional peace and development. The Chinese premier said through the joint efforts with Prime Minister Hasina bilateral relations as well as friendship and mutual cooperation would be strengthened further. In a separate message of felicitation to Foreign Minister Dr Dipumoni, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said it is the unswerving policy of the Chinese government to consistently strengthen and solidify friendly cooperation between China and Bangladesh.[40]
  • Japan The Japanese foreign minister, Hirofumi Nakasone and Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso in a statement offered felicitations on the Awami League president, Sheikh Hasina's inauguration as the country's next prime minister, said a release of the Japan embassy. He said, ‘The government of Japan congratulates on the inauguration of her Excellency, Sheikh Hasina, president of the AL, as prime minister of Bangladesh on 6 January 2009, following the general elections on 29 December 2008.’Nakasone said that this election was successfully carried out despite various challenges.‘This elucidates that the consolidation of democracy in Bangladesh is making a steady progress, marking a right start of a new democracy in Bangladesh,’ he said. The Japanese foreign minister said, ‘Japan hopes that the people of Bangladesh will be united in making efforts for further developments of their country under the new prime minister elected in a democratic process. Japan will continue to support their endeavour.’[38]

Later Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso greeted Sheikh Hasina for her party's victory in the recent elections and also her assumption of office as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. In a message, Taro Aso has warmly congratulated Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for her landslide victory in the recently held general elections that was held in a `free, fair and peaceful manner'.The Japanese Prime Minister said the landslide victory is a manifestation of the trust and confidence of the people of Bangladesh in your able leadership. He said Bangladesh will make further progress and the relations between Japan and Bangladesh would strengthen `in your tenure'.Taro Aso expressed his confidence that the close bonds of friendship and cooperation existing between the two countries will continue to be enhanced in the years ahead. The Japanese Prime Minister wished her good health and happiness and expressed eagerness to work closely with Bangladesh `as an old friend' to further develop the cordial relations between the two countries.[41]

  • Switzerland President of the Swiss Confederation Hans-Rudolf Merz greeted new Bangla-deshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina .In a message to Hasina, the Swiss president, on behalf of the Swiss Federal Council, expressed his sincere congratulation and wished her every success in the eminent post. The message noted that "the recent elections are an important milestone in the history of Bangladesh. On this special occasion, the Swiss government reiterates its commitment to continue its support to the democratic, social and economic development in Bangladesh."[39]
  • Australia Australia welcomed Bangladesh's return to democracy after around two years following what it observed were 'peaceful and orderly' polls. "Australia encourages all parties to work together to ensure a smooth transition and a strong future for the people of Bangladesh", the Australian high commission said in a press statement yesterday. "The Australian government looks forward to working closely with the newly-elected government in areas of mutual interest." "These include trade and investment, development assistance, counter-terrorism, education, migration and tourism", said the statement.
  • Pakistan President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani on Thursday sent congratulations to Sheikh Hasina Wajid on her victory. President Zardari expressed confidence that the close brotherly relations between the two countries would be strengthened further under her leadership. The prime minister said: "We wish you every success and the brotherly people of Bangladesh ever greater progress and prosperity."[42]
  • Nepal Nepalese Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda" in a message of congratulation to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina noted that the recent elections in Bangladesh had ushered in a democratic governance and overwhelming people's support Hasina's party reflects their expectations to feel the real change. In this context, he said both Nepal and Bangladesh have similar experiences as the Nepali people have also displayed their keenness to build a new prosperous Nepal through the election of Constituent Assembly held last April. He said Nepal and Bangladesh can work together for achieving goals to consolidate bilateral relations and hoped that relations between the two countries would be further strengthened during the term of Sheikh Hasina.[37]
  • Mauritius Prime Minister of Mauritius Dr Navinchandra Ramgoolam yesterday greeted Bangladesh's Premier Sheikh Hasina on the decisive victory by the Awami League-led grand alliance in the 29 December polls."I'm confident that under your leadership, the people of Bangladesh will realise their long cherished aspirants to make progress in a secular and democratic state-- a dream personified by your illustrious father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman," the Mauritius PM said in a letter of felicitation to Hasina. Navinchandra said Mauritius and Bangladesh have endeavoured over the years to strengthen ties and friendship between the two countries.[39]
  • United Nations Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon, in a message on Thursday, extended his greeting to Sheikh Hasina for taking over as Bangladesh prime minister. The UN chief also hailed the people of Bangladesh for holding the national election in a peaceful manner for democratic transition. He appreciated the initiatives of Hasina for working together with all political parties to consolidate parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh, according to a press release. Ban Ki-moon appreciated Bangladesh as some 9,000 Bangladeshi army and police personnel have taken part in various activities of the United Nations, particularly in the peacekeeping missions. The UN chief wished success of the Bangladesh's new prime minister and assured her of all-out cooperation.[39]
  • United States U.S. State Department congratulated the Bangladesh Election Commission and government officials on the successful election.[43] A statement issued stated high voter turnout underscores the people's desire to see democracy restored.[44]
  • European Union Alexander Graf Lambsdorff, European Union's chief election observer said "voting has largely been peaceful, turnout has been high and procedures were followed adequately".[28]

Transfer of power

The military-controlled caretaker government with Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed as the Chief Adviser handed over power to the new government formed with Ms Sheikh Hasina as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 6 January 2009.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "AL to contest polls under 14-party banner". Priyo.com. 17 November 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
  2. ↑ "Elect 4-party to protect sovereignty: Khaleda apologises for past mistakes, wraps up campaign". The New Nation. Dhaka. 28 December 2008 – via HighBeam Research. (Subscription required (help)). The chairperson of BNP and the leader of the four-party alliance [Begum Khaleda Zia] ... Barrister Abdur Razzak, assistant secretary general of Jamaat, Moulana Abdul Latif Nezami, secretary general of Islami Oikkya Jote ... among others, addressed the rally.
  3. ↑ "Bangladesh stunned by Awami victory". BBC News. 29 December 2008.
  4. ↑ "Bangladesh Election Commission announces results of 299 seats in Parliamentary elections". Xinhua. 31 December 2008.
  5. ↑ "EC satisfied with Noakhali polls". The Daily Star. UNB. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012.
  6. ↑ "Bangladesh president appoints head of a new caretaker government". USA Today. Associated Press. 12 January 2007.
  7. ↑ "McCain hails Bangladesh elections". BBC News. 3 December 2008.
  8. ↑ "Stir against Islamist parties contesting Bangladesh polls". Thaindian News. Indo-Asian News Service. 16 December 2008.
  9. ↑ Das, Antara (10 December 2008). "The other general". Indian Express.
  10. ↑ "Bangladesh Nobel Laureate Announces His Political Party's Name (archived)". All Headline News. 18 February 2007. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007.
  11. ↑ "No B'desh polls 'for 18 months'". BBC News. 5 April 2007.
  12. ↑ "Chief Advisor Says Election In Bangladesh To Be Held Before End Of 2008". All Headline News. 13 April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  13. ↑ Liton, Shakhawat (16 July 2007). "Voter list by Oct '08, poll by Dec". The Daily Star.
  14. ↑ Dummet, Mark (5 September 2007). "Bangladesh president to continue". BBC News.
  15. ↑ "Ban on indoor politics relaxed". The Daily Star. 10 September 2008.
  16. ↑ "Bangladesh's elections may be held before October 2008". People's Daily Online. 10 October 2007.
  17. ↑ "Bangladesh election talks begin". BBC News. 22 May 2008.
  18. ↑ "Bangladesh parties decline talks". BBC News. 28 May 2008.
  19. ↑ Dummett, Mark (22 July 2008). "Bangladesh voters' lists 'ready". BBC News.
  20. 1 2 "Awami League wins B'desh election". BBC News. 5 August 2008.
  21. ↑ "Bangladesh's general election to be held on Dec. 18", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), 21 September 2008.
  22. ↑ Dummett, Mark (24 November 2008). "Bangladesh election is deferred". BBC News. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
  23. ↑ "Bangladesh gov't to fully withdraw state of emergency from Dec. 17". People's Daily Online. 11 December 2008.
  24. ↑ "Number of Candidates (Party-wise)". Bangladesh Election Commission. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
  25. ↑ Turnout rate in Bangladesh's ninth parliamentary election highest in history , Xinhua, 30 December 2008.
  26. ↑ "Bangladesh polls: Hasina wins by landslide majority". IBN. Associated Press. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  27. ↑ "Sheikh Hasina storms to power in Bangladesh". Rediff. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  28. 1 2 "Sheikh Hasina set for Bangladesh landslide". Agence France-Presse. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
  29. 1 2 "Hasina wins Bangladesh majority". BBC News. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  30. ↑ "2 people killed in post-election violence in W Bangladesh". People.com. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  31. ↑ Total seats won by political parties Archived 21 August 2011 at WebCite National Election Result 2008 - Election Commission Secretariat
  32. ↑ "Manmohan for close ties with Bangladesh". The Hindu. 31 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  33. ↑ "India looks forward to working with Hasina govt. : PM". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  34. ↑ "BJP hails Hasina's victory in Bangladesh". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  35. ↑ "Mamata congratulates Hasina". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  36. ↑ "Bush phones Hasina to congratulate". The Daily Star. BSS. 11 January 2009.
  37. 1 2 "World leaders greet Hasina". The Daily Star.
  38. 1 2
  39. 1 2 3 4 "More world leaders greet Hasina". The Daily Star.
  40. ↑
  41. ↑
  42. ↑ "President, PM greet Hasina Wajid on electoral victory". GEO Pakistan. Karachi. 1 January 2009. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  43. ↑ "U.S. Congratulates Bangladesh For Holding Election Successfully". All Headline News. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
  44. ↑ "Bangladesh's Sheikh Hasina Wins Landslide Election". Voice of America. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 31 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
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