Arrest of Juan Requesens

Arrest of Juan Requesens
A packet presented by the Venezuelan National Assembly on Requesens' detention
Court Supreme Tribunal of Justice

Juan Requesens, a deputy of the Venezuelan National Assembly, was arrested on Tuesday, 7 August 2018 as a suspect in an alleged assassination plot on the Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, to much controversy.[1][2] He was held at El Helicoide, briefly being transferred to Venezuela's court at the Palacio de Justicia de Caracas twice, on 10 August and 13 August, for a preliminary hearing.[3][4][5] His relatives said they believed he had been arrested for criticising Maduro.[6] Many sources refer to the detention of Requesens as a forced disappearance.[7][8]

Background

An image of Requesens shown on 9 August 2018, claiming he financed the assassination attempt

On 4 August 2018 there were several explosions heard during a speech given on Avenida Bolívar, Caracas by President Maduro. This was quickly labeled by the Venezuelan government as an assassination attempt, and people found in the area were arrested.[9] One of these was Juan Monasterios, a former Venezuelan security official, who was interrogated on video that was broadcast at the same time as Requesens' arrest. In his statement, Monasterios says that Requesens told him "to kill the President".[10][11][12][13][14] Requesens was an opposition leader in Venezuela, in the National Assembly representing the Justice First party, at the time of his arrest. Multiple sources found reason to believe that the supposed attack would be used by the government to justify suppressing the opposition - after his arrest, these sources believed that Requesens was a victim of this.[15][16][17][18][19][20]

Requesens speaking in the National Assembly shortly before his arrest

On the day of his arrest,[21][22][23][24] Requesens made a speech in Venezuela's National Assembly blaming Maduro for causing unrest in the nation, a frequent topic of his, saying "Is Nicolás Maduro going to come and tell me that I cannot speak up, [...] [t]hat I cannot blame him? That I cannot say that they are a bunch of corrupt murderers linked to the worst crimes that this Republic has seen? Of course I'm going to keep saying it! And I will say it every time I can! And I will point at you! Because the only weapon us politicians have is words, it's strength, it's our voices and our will to change things." He finished this speech by telling the people "Today, I can speak here, I don’t know about tomorrow [...] the only strategy the dictatorship has here is crushing dissidents, within their own ranks and outside of them." He was also interviewed by the Caracas Chronicles around this time, noting that "[those who] decided to go into politics in this country, [...] decided to assume the risks that go with it", with the Chronicles asking after his arrest if his words hold a double meaning.[25]

Events

Arrest

Juan Requesens being tackled when apprehended by members of SEBIN outside of his apartment
Requesens holding his arm against SEBIN agents during arrest

On the evening of 7 August Requesens and his sister were detained in their residence by the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN), Venezuela's intelligence agency.[1] His sister - student President of Central University of Venezuela, Rafaela Requesens - was later released while Requesens was formally arrested. There were fourteen agents who accosted the pair within a minute of arriving at their apartment building,[26] and one quickly turned the security camera to face the wall so that whatever was done to the pair couldn't be recorded.[27] However, as the camera is being turned it briefly shows Requesens holding his hand and arm out against the agents. Requesens was arrested in flagrante delicto, which is reserved for those who are apprehended whilst committing, or having obviously just committed, a crime; however, Requesens was arrested three days after the supposed attack, outside of his house.[28] After his arrest, there was no information about Requesens or his whereabouts, given to his family or the public, for several days.[27]

Rafaela later expressed her anger that their shared home had been broken into and raided by at least forty SEBIN agents who tried to plant evidence.[29]

Imprisonment

Prison videos

Requesens in the first video

Requesens was initially held at El Helicoide, a detainment center operated by the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN).[3] Here, he was interviewed on video giving a statement, which sources say was forced.[30] The Venezuelan Minister of Communication, Jorge Rodríguez, broadcast the video by national television on August 10.[31] After watching the video, Requesens' father told people "that is not my son", saying that he appeared to be reciting, not speaking from inside himself.[32]

His statement supposedly incriminated him of the assassination attempt, and in it he allegedly admits to working with several other people accused of being involved. He explains that Julio Borges contacted him asking for "a favour" to "help a person get from Venezuela to Colombia", that the person was Juan Monasterios – who had incriminated him – and that he and Monasterios wrote to a Colombian immigration official, Mauricio Jimenez, who had agreed to help with Monasterios' passage. Requesens gave no details of an attack on Maduro.[31] Rodríguez was tasked with "interpreting" the statements, and said that they supposedly prove the "responsibility" of Julio Borges and former Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos.[4]

In a second video released shortly after the first, Requesens appears dishevelled and in underwear stained with faeces.[33] At least one source explicitly says that the purpose of releasing this video was "to humiliate the lawmaker".[4]

Maduro later said that "as soon as he was arrested [...] ex-deputy Requesens voluntary gave information".[34] This is in contradiction to the first video itself, in which the date is established as August 9, two days after Requesens' arrest.[35]

A third video was shared days later by the government, showing what they claimed was another part of the "confession" from the first video. In it, Requesens said that he briefly had telephone contact with a man who identified himself as "Alexander", who confirmed that Monasterios had got to Colombia. This video also showed an iPhone contact entry of Alexander and the wanted poster of Rayder Russo, a suspect who has the second name Alexander.[35]

Vilca Fernández, a former political prisoner in Venezuela, spoke to investigators for Crímenes sin castigo and confirmed that one of the videos was recorded "in an isolation cell or in the office of Carlos Calderón". Calderón is a head of SEBIN. The other was recorded in "a bathroom for the use of SEBIN agents". Fernández says that the videos were distributed "to function as part of a campaign to psychologically break Requesens".[36]

Conditions

An overweight Requesens in 2014; his medical conditions are weight-related

Requesens' family said that they had been in contact with him on 12 August, and that he told them of his condition and the lack of bathroom and hygiene facilities he was receiving.[37]

His lawyer said on August 22 that Requesens has "become deteriorated because of the poor conditions he is isolated in", but that "his morale is high" and "he knows he is innocent and that his fight is worth it".[38]

Speaking in the weeks following his son's arrest, Juan Guillermo Requesens expressed his concern because Juan "has a special condition" that requires him to take a "regime of certain nutrients".[39] On August 24, the Requesens family doctor, Ricardo Alfonso, agreed with such remarks, referring to certain people as "patients like Requesens", a bariatric patient with a metabolic syndrome and hypertension, thyroid and insuline problems,[40] saying that such people "need sun for at least 20 minutes every day, to take vitamin supplements, and have regular medical control". He added that without good treatment, Requesens would die,[41] likely within only two months, and that to be given drugs, even a small dose, would destroy his stomach.[42] Alfonso added that Requesens' need for medical treatment was especially pertinent, because he also suffers from a compromised immune system.[43]

On August 30, Rafaela said that the family had still not seen her brother, and that SEBIN weren't allowing them to give him his food,[44] which their mother took to the prison every day but was only accepted by guards when the media was watching. They asked the media to maintain a constant presence outside Helicoide to pressure them.[45] When the family were presenting a packet on Juan's health to the International Red Cross on August 31, Juan Guillermo (Juan's father) spoke to the press about the other people who have been incarcerated for the same crimes, which was 43 people on this date.[46][47]

On October 4, the Venezuelan government gave a presentation at the 169th session of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and used previously-unseen professionally-shot photographs of Juan Requesens as a means to demonstrate how they are benevolent to prisoners in Venezuela.[48] This caused controversy, not only because of the dubious legality of Requesens' imprisonment, but also the doctored effect it appeared to have in promoting prisons, especially compared to the videos released prior. The images include Requesens with a trainer exercising outside, meeting his parents in a conference room, and having his blood pressure measured. The photograph with his parents had been taken a week before the conference, at the then-only visit they had been allowed.[48]

His parents were allowed to enter the prison to see Juan again on October 9, the day after the Death of Fernando Albán - a fellow Justice First politician supposedly arrested for the same crimes and who is suspected to have been tortured and murdered by the officers - and Rafaela then affirmed that he was alive, but was in isolation and could not communicate.[49]

Preliminary hearing

At his two-day hearing on August 13–14, the tribunal denied Requesens bail, and he was returned to prison.[50] In this hearing, he was officially charged with seven crimes, and will face trial for Venezuela's maximum punishment of 30 years in prison.[51] Requesens' lawyers were Charity Flores, Alejandra Tosta and Joel García.[52] Requesens declared that he was innocent.[53]

The hearing was scheduled to start at 3:00pm, but did not begin until 7:00pm. There were six others, all alleged participants in the attack on Maduro, having their cases heard at the same time.[54]

Charges

The seven charges placed on Requesens were reported as:[55]

  • Treason
  • Attempted magnicide (assassination of a Head of State) of Nicolás Maduro
  • Attempted murder of seven National Guardsmen
  • Terrorism
  • Conspiracy to commit a crime
  • Repeated incitement of the public
  • Illicit possession of arms and munitions

Video claims

In regards to his supposed confession, Requesens is widely reported to have said to his lawyer "that he didn’t record anything, that he doesn’t remember recording any video" as well as that he "didn’t say any of the things in the video". One of his lawyers, Joel García, mentioned the video when they went to trial, with Requesens saying that he didn't know about it. When presented with the statement, he said he didn't remember the people he had supposedly named.[56][57][58][59]

The Venezuelan legal ombudsman has said that they will open an enquiry on the video due to this, and El País and Efecto Cocuyo have reported that neither this video nor any video have been submitted as evidence or added to make up part of Requesens' file.[56][28][60]

García says that his client does remember the second video, and explains that Requesens says guards gave him the stained clothes and told him to wear them so that they could "mock him". Saab denies this, saying that the video is a recording of Requesens during a forensic examination performed when he was in prison and that it should not have been released.[56]

National Assembly responses

The Venezuelan National Assembly, the country's parliamentary body, has repeatedly denounced the arrest of Juan Requesens and asked for his release.[61]

In the National Assembly meeting on August 14, the deputy Gilber Caro stood in front of the assembly and stripped to his underwear in a move of solidarity. He made a speech at the same time, saying that a man's dignity is not dependent on his state of dress.[62] This was not the only protest in the National Assembly. From August 9 a sign had been secured to Requesens' seat in the assembly by other members, saying "kidnapped by SEBIN".[63][64] By August 21, they had erected a large banner hanging in the assembly hall with Requesens' face on it in black and white, a ribbon of the Venezuelan colours (yellow, red and blue) behind him, and the words "Liberty for Deputy Juan Requesens, kidnapped by the dictator".[65] On August 22, the National Assembly's Internal Affairs Commission were discussing the Requesens case when the building had to be evacuated due to an earthquake.[66]

On August 22, the National Assembly demanded that Maduro at least "allow a commission of the Inter-Parliamentary Union to enter the country and verify the situation of Requesens [...] because they want to see him and have not been allowed in".[38] In August 2018, over 10% of all the IPU's investigations of direct threats to the freedom of sitting politicians were for Venezuelan opposition deputies.[61]

Deputy and lawyer Armando Armas asked on August 30 that Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile and the current High Commissioner of Human Rights to the UN, urgently make a pronouncement on the case of Requesens.[67]

Appeal to the Holy See

Deputies taking Requesens' case to the Apostolic Nunciature

With few other routes of legal aid within Venezuela, the National Assembly took the Requesens case to the Apostolic Nunciature to Venezuela, represented by Aldo Giordano, on August 24. They hoped to appeal to the Holy See, for which an Apostolic Nunciature operates like an embassy, to pronounce Requesens' treatment as injustice. At this point, Ángel Medina Devis, a Primero Justicia deputy who helped plead the case, said that they were innocent.[68][69]

Regional legislators

On August 28, an agreement drafted and approved by councillors in Venezuela demanded the release of Requesens, and was published to authorities across Venezuela as well as sent to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.[70]

Global response

On August 9, the National Assembly held an extraordinary meeting to discuss Requesens' arrest and detention, which was attended by representatives from 24 nations and the European Union. These nations included Spain, the United Kingdom, Colombia, the United States, Mexico, Chile, Germany, Italy, Argentina, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Brazil, Portugal, Peru, Japan,[71] France, and Canada.[72]

The US Senator Marco Rubio strongly criticised the detention of Requesens, saying that "the rights of Requesens have been violated and his capture is further proof that Maduro and his followers want to silence their political opponents".[73]

The Paraguayan government denounced the treatment of Requesens, and sent their support both to the National Assembly and to the people of Venezuela, who they told to "fight for democracy".[74]

On August 22 in the US, a number of Senators submitted an official letter to Mike Pompeo urging their government to intercede in Venezuela to free Requesens.[75] On August 24, Paraguayan senators asked for their nation to also take action to pressure Venezuela and free Requesens.[76]

Controversy

Parliamentary immunity

The main controversy came because of Requesens' position in the government, because he should have received political immunity. However, Diosdado Cabello, acting in his position as president of the pro-government Constituent National Assembly, unlawfully revoked this protection for both Requesens and his co-accused Julio Borges the day after Requesens' arrest.[77][10][78][79]

The Venezuelan National Assembly Vice President Julio César Reyes invoked the Constitution of Venezuela, which says that "only the Supreme Court of Justice has the authority to order a deputy's arrest, with congressional approval".[78] This is Article 200, which states that a prior decision to arrest a lawmaker must be made by the National Assembly and then approved by the Supreme Court in order to be legal.[77]

Videos

The opposition in Venezuela was vocally critical of the videos and of Rodríguez for releasing them. They accused the government of drugging and torturing Requesens into making a false confession. Members of the Justice First party, which Requesens is a leader of, spoke to journalists with certainty that Requesens had been drugged to get a statement but that the people torturing him noticed he was still fully conscious and so continued to drug him to the point of incontinence. In one video his clothes are stained with faeces. The party also said that Requesens had been threatened, his torturers saying that they would murder his family and rape his sister.[30] The videos were analysed by multiple health professionals belonging to different organisations, who concluded that "[t]he clinical signs of Juan Requesens show that there is an alteration of cognitive conditions, which is clinically associated with the administration of drugs that affect the conscience or the will" — Requesens' doctor, and figures like politician and doctor José Manuel Olivares, later suggested it was "evidently scopolamine"[80][81] — and that Requesens appeared visibly "drugged, beaten, threatened", with one inferring of the people that "as Venezuelans we must feel anger, pain and indignation [at the treatment of Requesens]".[82]

The Bar Association of Venezuela also spoke of many abuses in a statement it released explaining they had "numerous and gravely serious objections" to the "arbitrary and illegal" arrest. One of these objections that it highlighted was the "dissemination" of the videos, the act of which it described as "obscene, protuberant, impudent, and even boastful". The association said it would seek legal action against the government and those involved in the Requesens case, "once the rule of law [is] restored".[83]

Caracas Chronicles also mentioned Article 49 of the Constitution, which says that “no person can be forced to confess guilt or testify against himself.” It describes the video of Requesens as being in violation of this, as well as in violation of the Venezuelan legal system for being obtained outside of court and without a lawyer present.[4]

Diego Scharifker, a friend of Requesens and a former city council member and student leader from Caracas, called the public airing of the videos "part of a macabre show meant to intimidate the political opposition".[27]

Human rights

The Lima Group and its nations stated that they "[s]trongly condemn and reject the violation of due criminal process and international norms in matters of law enforcement and respect for human rights, in the arbitrary and illegal detention without any previous investigation of National Assembly representative, Juan Carlos Requesens", saying that it was an "open violation of their parliamentary privileges and immunities enshrined in the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Article 200), as well as the American Convention on Human Rights, the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, and the Charter of the Organization of American States, among other applicable international instruments" and expressed "deep concern on the use of the Venezuelan State security and justice apparatus to persecute political opponents, which indicates, once more, the breakdown of democratic rule and the continued violation of its Constitution, contrary to the will of the Venezuelan people".[84]

Beatriz Becerra, Vice President of the Subcommittee on Human Rights of the European Parliament, described Requesens' situation as him being "[k]idnapped, tortured, humiliated" and denounced that this had happened to someone who won the Sakharov Prize.[85]

Roberto Ampuero, Foreign Minister of Chile, stated that "the persecution of representatives Requesens and Borges is unacceptable, as is that of every citizen that freely chooses to oppose a dictatorial and cruel regime".[86] Maduro criticised this support of Requesens, tweeting to Ampuero that Requesens and others are "self-confessed terrorists and assassins" and that "[i]n Venezuela justice will act to protect the people, democracy, and to avoid a tragedy", criticising the Chilean judicial and political systems.[86]

On August 11, Francisco Palmieri, a US diplomat for Latin American affairs, called the arrest the "[l]atest example in a long litany of human right abuses."[87] On August 16, the US Embassy in Venezuela restated this, with an announcement saying that they "condemn the illegal detention of hundreds of political prisoners, many of them without due process. The case of Juan Requesens is the latest in a long litany of human rights abuses on the part of Maduro's government."[88]

Surprisingly, images of Requesens during his incarceration were used by the Venezuelan government in an October 2018 presentation to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in order to demonstrate how political prisoners were treated well. This was met with scorn and controversy.[48]

The Caracas Chronicles referred to the second video of Requesens as "show[ing] the serious violation of a lawmaker’s human rights".[4]

It has been reported that even when Requesens was briefly brought to court, he was denied the opportunity to see his lawyer outside of the hearing.[4] On the day of Requesens' initial hearing, the second Vice President of the National Assembly, Alfonso Marquina, said that there would be great international consequences of Requesens' "disappearance", mentioning that Article 44 of the Constitution says that all prisoners must be given free access to their lawyers from the moment of detention for the whole process and that "this just didn't happen" in Requesens' case.[89]

On Monday August 20, Requesens' lawyers went to Helicoide and asked to see him but were refused, as were his family. This reignited the controversy from the week before at the deprivation of rights for Requesens.[90] The lawyers tried again to see him on August 23, and were again denied access. García declared that SEBIN were in violation of Article 49 of the Constitution by impeding Requesens' access to defence during an ongoing case.[45][91][92]

García said on August 30 that the lawyers had not even been given access to Requesens' court file, to the details of his charges, or to the minutes.[44][93] August 30 is also International Day of the Disappeared — a day marked across Latin America for remembrance of victims of forced disappearances; García gave a speech from outside of Helicoide, defining the term "forced disappearance" and denouncing how it matched the situations growing in Venezuela.[94]

On August 31, it was announced that Requesens and all others imprisoned for the attack had been put into a mandatory isolation, preventing any access to them by family or by lawyers for thirty days. It is not clear on which date the thirty days began.[47]

Iris Varela tweet

On August 12, in response to Venezuelans growing increasingly concerned with the economy of the nation, the Minister for Prison Services, Iris Varela, sent a tweet telling people that all they need to do is share with friends and that they shouldn't speculate or doubt, otherwise "they will end up worse off than Requesens, [where] they aren't able to speculate". This tweet immediately became highly controversial, and was denounced as inhumane, for using the incarceration of Requesens as either a joke or a threat, especially by the woman in charge of his conditions in prison.[95]

Varela had also been assigned to "restructure" politics in the state of Táchira, for which Requesens is the Representative, in 2016, shortly after Requesens was elected to the position.[96]

Public protests

Rafaela Requesens (center), stood next to her father, speaks surrounded by protesters in underwear

The release of the video sparked protest, with Venezuelans taking to the streets wearing underwear as moral support for Requesens, whose underwear raised concern in the video.[33] There were other demonstrations in the street showing support, with the colourful signs typical of protests in Venezuela. One 68-year-old woman involved in a protest said that she supports Requesens because she knows he's "a good clean kid, from an honourable family".[97]

During a mass service in San Cristóbal (the capital of his home state Táchira) that was held for prayers of release for political prisoners, a group brought some of Requesens' T-shirts as an offering for his freedom.[98]

Rafaela Requesens and their family organised several marches, worships, and protests demanding the freedom of Juan.[99][100] Juan Requesens' wife and two young children remained reclusive for many of these, but did attend a mass held in Guayana, several hundred miles from Caracas on the far east of the country.[101] Rafaela also said on August 29 that Juan's daughter asks her where he is.[102] The Venezuelan activist Lilian Tintori joined forces with the family in protests.[103]

By August 16 there were peaceful protests nationwide. These were participated in by members of most political parties, and groups like Juntos por la Libertad ("Youths for Freedom"), Sin Mordaza, and Las Piloneras.[104][97] One of these was a group of young people in Mérida who formed a blockade, preventing traffic from moving along the main viaduct across Campo Elías.[105]

A large protest march was held on August 25, claiming to be bigger than the 2017 Venezuelan protests, which was collectively organised by members of multiple groups.[106]

"Yo Me Niego A Rendirme"

Rafaela Requesens from Twitter
@RRequesens

Spanish: Esta familia no dejará de luchar por #Venezuela, mis sobrinos y todos los niños del país merecen un futuro lleno de libertad, justicia, seguridad y paz.

#YoMeNiegoARendirme por ellos, por mi hermano @JuanRequesens por VENEZUELA.

This family isn't giving up the fight for Venezuela, my niece and nephew and all the children of this country deserve a future complete with freedom, justice, security, and peace.

#YoMeNiegoARendirme for them, for my brother @JuanRequesens, for VENEZUELA[note 1]

21 August 2018"Rafaela Requesens Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 26, 2018.

A Twitter hashtag became popular, reading "#YoMeNiegoARendirme" — "I refuse to give up" in Spanish, a quote from Juan Requesens, from the speech he gave the day he was arrested.[23] People posted words of support on the internet with the message, and held up signs with it on during protests. A compilation video was made of supporters across the world, including many countries of Latin America, the US, UK, and Spain, holding smaller (typically A4 paper) signs with the words on, shared by Requesens' family and publicity team.[107]

It was first used in this way by Carlos Paparoni, a deputy of the National Assembly, who gave a speech to the assembly on August 9 where he said "let's make this our creed: 'Yo me niego a rendirme', as Juan Requesens said".[24]

The hashtag also began to be used for things not directly related to Requesens, including announcing the national general strike that began on August 21.[108]

Government responses to criticism and controversy

The Venezuelan government has criticised the support of Requesens, in particular from international bodies. Maduro tweeted to the Foreign Minister of Chile, Roberto Ampuero, in response to Ampuero's demands that Requesens be released under international law, that Requesens is a "self-confessed terrorist and assassin" and that "[i]n Venezula justice will act to protect the people, democracy, and to avoid a tragedy", criticising the Chilean judicial and political systems as being supportive of such threats in their own country and others.[86]

On August 13, Diosdado Cabello denied that Requesens was abused at Helicoide.[109] The day after, Tarek William Saab, de facto Prosecutor General of Venezuela, denied the release of the video of Requesens in his stained underwear, and said that it had been filmed during a medical examination and report on Requesens.[110] Cabello later added that Requesens was not drugged during his confession, that he was calm and nobody pressured him.[111]

Hermann Escarrá addressed the Constituent National Assembly, of which he is a member, on August 13, and told its members that there were no human rights violations with Requesens' detention.[112]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ "Venezuela's President Ties Opposition Leader to Drone Attack". Time. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  3. 1 2 "Requesens trasladado desde Helicoide a Palacio de Justicia" [Requesens transferred from Helicoide to Justice Palace]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "News Friday August 10". Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Audiencia de Requesens fue diferida para el día lunes" [Requesens hearing deferred to the Monday]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  6. ↑ "Venezuelan officials release video from jailed lawmaker". AP via The Republic. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  7. ↑ "El caso de Juan Requesens se suma a las 135 desapariciones forzadas durante gestión de Maduro (I)". Crónica Uno (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Condenan desaparición forzada de Juan Requesens". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  9. ↑ Brocchetto, Marilia. "Venezuelan President evacuated from stage after attempted attack". CNN. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  10. 1 2 "Venezuela's President Accuses Two Opposition Leaders of Links to Assassination Attempt". TIME. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Nicolás Maduro acusa directamente a Julio Borges y Requesens del "atentado" en su contra (Video)" [Nicolás Maduro directly accuses Julio Borges and Requesens of the "attack" on his life]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
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  13. ↑ "Infórmate 2.0, edición 9 agosto 2018". Issuu (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Maduro says 11 hired assassins offered 50 million". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  15. ↑ Cohen, Sandra (6 August 2018). "Por que há tanta desconfiança em torno da suposta tentativa de atentado contra Maduro?". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  16. ↑ "Venezuela, ¿vórtice de inestabilidad en el Caribe?". El Nuevo Herald. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  17. ↑ Lauer, Mirko (2018-08-06). "Maduro bajo fuego" [Maduro under fire]. La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  18. ↑ "Venezuela lawmaker and student leader arrested". Reuters. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Venezuela cracks down on opposition in wake of 'attack'". BBC News. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  20. ↑ "Venezuela's President Pushes Crackdown in Wake of Drone Attack". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  21. ↑ "Venezuela - AN condenó enfáticamente persecución a José Manuel Olivares - VPItv". VPItv (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  22. ↑ "Dip. Juan Requesens 07 08 18". YouTube (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  23. 1 2 "Requesens y la derrota del régimen". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  24. 1 2 "Encarcelamiento de diputado Requesens unió a las fracciones opositoras en la AN". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  25. ↑ "Juan Requesens: "Politicians must assume risks others won't take"". Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  26. ↑ "Venezuela lawmaker, student leader arrested: opposition". Reuters. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  27. 1 2 3 "Venezuela's detention of an opposition lawmaker is chilling. The world must act". Washington Post. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  28. 1 2 "Siete irregularidades en detención y audiencia del diputado Juan Requesens" [Seven irregularities of the detention and hearing of Rep. Juan Requesens]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  29. ↑ León, Ibis (10 August 2018). "Diputados y estudiantes entregan documento ante la OEA y exigen libertad de Juan Requesens" (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  30. 1 2 "Juan Requesens fue drogado para obligarlo declarar video" [Juan Requesens was drugged to get video statements]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  31. 1 2 "Jorge Rodríguez publico video con declaraciones Requesens" [Jorge Rodríguez publishes video with Requesens statements]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Requesens y la última de las libertades humanas". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  33. 1 2 "Estudiantes en ropa interior se solidarizan con Juan Requesens (fotos y video)". La Patilla (in Spanish). 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  34. ↑ "Maduro ironiza sobre video de la "confesión" de Juan Requesens" [Maduro speaks with irony about the video "confession" of Juan Requesens]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  35. 1 2 "Gobierno muestra nuevo video "chucuto" del interrogario a Juan Requesens" [Government shows new "extra cut" video of the interrogation of Juan Requesens]. Venezuela al día (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  36. ↑ "Lo que se sabe sobre los videos de Requesens difundidos por el gobierno" [What we know about the Requesens videos shared by the government]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Diputado Requesens se comunicó con su familia este domingo, a 120 horas de su detención" [Deputy Requesens communicates with his family this Sunday, 120 hours into his detention]. Crónica Uno (in Spanish). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  38. 1 2 "Exigen a Maduro permitir a la Unión Interparlamentaria Mundial constatar situación de Requesens" [Demanding Maduro allow Inter-Parliamentary Union to verify Requesens' situation]. NTN24 (in Spanish). Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  39. ↑ "Comisión de política interior exigé dejar entrar al país a misión de la unión interparlamentaria" [A commission of the Interior permits the entrance to the country of a group from the Inter-Parliamentary Union]. Transparencia Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  40. ↑ León, Ibis (24 August 2018). "Advierten que salud del diputado Requesens está en riesgo" (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  41. ↑ "Médico de Juan Requesens habló sobre la salud del diputado" [Juan Requesens' doctor speaks about the health of the deputy]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  42. ↑ "Según su médico, salud de Requesens "podría deteriorarse en dos meses"" [According to his doctor, Requesens' health "could deteriorate within two months"]. El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Ricardo Alfonzo: Requesens es un paciente inmunocomprometido" [Ricardo Alfonso: Requesens is an immune-compromised patient]. Noticiero Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  44. 1 2 "Defensa de Juan Requesens no tiene acceso al expediente ni ha visto al diputado". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  45. 1 2 "Niegan por segunda vez visita a los abogados de Juan Requesens al Helicoide" [Juan Requesens' lawyers denied to visit Helicoide for a second time]. NTN24 (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  46. ↑ "Familiares de Juan Requesens entregaron documento ante la Cruz Roja Internacional". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  47. 1 2 "Detenidos por atentado fallido contra Maduro no recibirán visitas por 30 días". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  48. 1 2 3 "Fotos de Juan Requesens y video de Vilca Fernández fueron mostrados por el Estado en la Cidh - Efecto Cocuyo". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
  49. ↑ WEB, EL NACIONAL (2018-10-11). "Rafaela Requesens: "Juan está incomunicado y aislado en una celda"". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-10-14.
  50. ↑ "La hermana de Juan Requesens tilda de secuestro la detención de su hermano" [Juan Requesens' sister calls the arrest of her brother kidnap]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Prisión preventiva para el opositor venezolano Juan Requesens por presunta participación en supuesto atentado contra Maduro" [Venezuelan opposition's Juan Requesens remanded in prison for alleged participation in supposed Maduro attack]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  52. ↑ "Requesens es trasladado al Palacio de Justicia" [Requesens is moved to the Palace of Justice court]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  53. ↑ "Juan Requesens se declaró inocente" [Juan Requesens declares innocent]. Notitarde (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  54. ↑ "Fiscalía imputa ocho delitos al diputado Juan Requesens en audiencia de presentación" [Prosecutor charges Rep. Juan Requesens with eight crimes at presentation hearing]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  55. ↑ "Dos civiles y dos militares son imputados con los mismos delitos que Requesens" [Two civilians and two soldiers charged with the same crimes as Requesens]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  56. 1 2 3 "Venezuela juzgará sin la prueba más importante al opositor acusado de atentar contra Maduro" [Venezuela will judge Requesens, accused of attacking Maduro, without the most important evidence]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  57. ↑ "Diputado Juan Requesens no recuerda "confesión" por atentado a Maduro" [Rep. Juan Requesens doesn’t remember "confession" of Maduro attack]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  58. ↑ "Requesens no recuerda haber grabado video de 'confesión' sobre el atentado a Maduro, según su abogado" [Requesens doesn’t remember recording "confession" video about Maduro attack, according to his lawyer]. El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  59. ↑ "Delsa Solórzano: "Juan Requesens no recuerda haber grabado ese video"" [Delsa Solórzano: “Juan Requesens doesn’t remember recording that video”]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  60. ↑ "No Memory of Confession to Maduro Attack, Venezuela Opposition Lawmaker Says". Latin American Herald Tribune. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  61. 1 2 "IPU calls for Venezuelan authorities to allow parliamentary fact-finding mission". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  62. ↑ "Venezuela: Diputado opositor Gilber Caro se desnudó en Asamblea Nacional" [Venezuela: Opposition legislator Gilber Caro strips in National Assembly]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  63. ↑ "Kidnapped by Sebin". Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  64. ↑ "Efecto Cocuyo on Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  65. ↑ "Diputados de la AN piden la liberación de Juan Requesens" [Deputies of the NA ask for the liberation of Juan Requesens]. Noticia al día (in Spanish). Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  66. ↑ "Desalojan sede administrativa de la AN tras temblor". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-08-22.
  67. ↑ "Armando Armas pidió pronunciamiento de Bachelet por caso Requesens". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  68. ↑ "VIDEO: La AN acudió a la Nunciatura Apostólica para presentar caso de Juan Requesens" [Video: National Assembly went to the Apostolic Nunciature to present Juan Requesens' case]. El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  69. ↑ "AN llevó el caso de Requesens a la Nunciatura Apostólica de Caracas" [National Assembly took the Requesens case to the Apostolic Nunciature of Caracas]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  70. ↑ "Concejales de Chacao se solidarizan con Requesens ante su detención arbitraria". Informe 21 (in Spanish). Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  71. ↑ "Maru Morales on Twitter" (in Spanish). August 9, 2018.
  72. ↑ "Venezuela's opposition protests arrest of lawmaker". Washington Times. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  73. ↑ "Senador Marco Rubio rechazó detención de Juan Requesens". NTN24 (in Spanish). Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  74. ↑ "Senado paraguayo respalda a la AN y al pueblo venezolano en "lucha por democracia"" [Paraguayan Senate backs the NA and Venezuelan people in "fight for democracy"]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  75. ↑ "Senadores de EE.UU. urgen al Gobierno a interceder por el diputado venezolano Juan Requesens" [US Senators urge government to intercede for Venezuelan Deputy Juan Requesens]. El Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  76. ↑ "Senadores de Paraguay se solidarizan con Requesens y piden mayor presión internacional contra Maduro". Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  77. 1 2 "Violando la Carta Magna, Constituyente cubana allana inmunidad a Requesens y Borges". La Patilla (in Spanish). 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  78. 1 2 "Venezuela's Supreme Court Orders Arrest of Opposition Leader in Connection With Maduro Assassination Attempt". TIME. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  79. ↑ "Ecuador declares state of emergency over Venezuela migrant influx". Al Jazeera. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  80. ↑ "Informe médico del diputado Juan Requesens". Ultima Hora (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  81. ↑ "Julio Borges: Requesens estaba sometido a "coerción o drogado"". Voice of America (in Spanish). Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  82. ↑ "Expertos coinciden en que Requesens pudo haber sido dopado". NTN24 (in Spanish). 2018-08-10. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  83. ↑ "Comunicado del Colegio de Abogados de Caracas por la detención del diputado Juan Requesens" [Statement from the Bar Association in Caracas on the detention of deputy Juan Requesens]. La Patilla (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  84. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile - Lima Group condemns arrest of deputy Requesens and arrest warrant for deputy Borges". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile (in Spanish). Lima Group. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  85. ↑ "Beatriz Becerra pidio parlamento europeo atender caso Juan Requesens" [Beatriz Becerra asks European Parliament to help in Juan Requesens case]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  86. 1 2 3 "Venezuela: Maduro 'Will Let FBI Investigate Murder Attempt'". TeleSur. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  87. ↑ "EEUU considera "ilegal" el arresto del diputado Juan Requesens por atentado a Maduro" [US considers the arrest of Rep. Juan Requesens for Maduro attack "illegal"]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  88. ↑ "Embajada de Estados Unidos rechazó la detención de Juan Requesens" [US Embassy denounces detention of Juan Requesens]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  89. ↑ "Marquina aseguró que "desaparición forzada" de Requesens tendrá consecuencias internacionales" [Marquina assures that Requesens' "forced disappearance" will have international consequences]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  90. ↑ "Rafaela Requesens: 13 días y seguimos sin poder ver a mi hermano" [Rafaela Requesens: 13 days and we're still without the power to see my brother]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  91. ↑ "Denunciarán al Sebin por violar derecho a la defensa de Requesens" [García denounces SEBIN for violating Requesens' Right to a Defence]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  92. ↑ "Impiden ingresar al Sebin a abogado defensor de diputado Juan Requesens" [SEBIN prevent the access of Rep. Juan Requesens' defence lawyer]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  93. ↑ "Defensa de Juan Requesens dice está en marcha condena "sin juicio"". NTN24 (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  94. ↑ "Abogado de Requesens: "Estamos en un proceso sin defensa"". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  95. ↑ "Inhumano tuit de Iris Varela sobre Requesens causó polémica en redes" [Inhumane tweet from Iris Varela about Requesens causes outrage on social media]. Venezuela al día (in Spanish). Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  96. ↑ "Designó Nicolás Maduro a Iris Varela para reestructurar al Psuv en Táchira". La Nación Web (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 June 2016.
  97. 1 2 "Protestaron en Chacaíto por Juan Requesens, el diputado "desaparecido por el Gobierno"" [Protests in Chacaíto for Juan Requesens, the deputy "disappeared by the government"]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  98. ↑ "TV Venezuela on Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  99. ↑ "En la iglesia Don Bosco se pidió a Dios por la libertad de Juan Requesens" [In the church of Don Bosco, people ask God for the freedom of Juan Requesens]. El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  100. ↑ "Rafaela Requesens: "Incluso estando desnudos, los venezolanos seguimos"". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  101. ↑ "Orianna Granati on Instagram" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  102. ↑ "Rafaela Requesens: Van 21 días y no sabemos nada de Juan". Noticiero Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  103. ↑ "Lilian Tintori se une a la familia de Juan Requesens". Voice of America (in Spanish). Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  104. ↑ "Partidos políticos protestaron en apoyo a Juan Requesens" [Political parties protest in support of Juan Requesens]. El Periodiquito (in Spanish). Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  105. ↑ "Dirigentes juveniles de Mérida realizaron pancartazo en apoyo a Requesens". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  106. ↑ "VIDEO Y FOTOS: La protesta de la oposición fue un mitín de partidos políticos". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  107. ↑ "Juan Requesens en Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  108. ↑ "Jose Mendoza en Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  109. ↑ "Diosdado Cabello niega maltrato a Juan Requesens" [Diosdado Cabello denies mistreatment of Juan Requesens]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  110. ↑ "Saab anuncia privación de libertad de Requesens antes de pronunciamiento del juez" [Saab announces deprivation of freedom for Requesens before trial proceedings begin]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  111. ↑ "Cabello "desmintió" a defensa de Requesens sobre videos difundidos" [Cabello “disproved” Requesens’ defenders in videos]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  112. ↑ "Hermann Escarrá: No existe violación de DDHH con la detención de Requesens" [Hermann Escarrá: A violation of Human Rights in detention of Requesens doesn’t exist]. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  1. ↑ The simple translation of "sobrinos" in this context is "niblings", however this word is uncommon in plain English: "niece and nephew" is used instead.
  • Scharifker, Diego (17 August 2018). "Venezuela's detention of Juan Requesens is chilling. The world must act". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
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