Tribes of Arabia

The tribes of Arabia are the clans that originated in the Arabian Peninsula.

Much of the lineage provided before Ma'ad relies on biblical genealogy and therefore questions persist concerning the accuracy of this segment of Arab genealogy [1] The general consensus among 14th century Arabic genealogists is that Arabs are of three kinds:

Al-Arab al-Ba'ida (Arabic: العرب البائدة‎), "The Extinct Arabs", were an ancient group of tribes of pre-history, that included the ‘Aad, the Thamud, the Tasm, the Jadis, the Imlaq (who included branches of Banu al-Samayda) and others. The Jadis and the Tasm are said to have been exterminated by genocide. The Qur'an records that disappearance of the 'Aad and Thamud came of their decadence. Recent archaeological excavations have uncovered inscriptions which reference 'Iram, once a major city of the 'Aad.

The Arab genealogies accord the original pure Arabs, "Al-Arab al-Ariba" (العرب العاربة), came from Yemen and were descended from Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan, a descendant of hud and were Qahtanite Arabs.[2][3]

According to this tradition, ‘Adnani Arabs (العرب المستعربة) were the progeny of Ishmael, the firstborn son of the patriarch Abraham, of the Jurhum tribe. The Hawazin tribe and Muhammad are considered ‘Adnani Arabs.

Some modern historians question the traditional distinction between Adnanites and Qahtanites, suggesting later tribal faction-fighting during the Umayyad period may have given rise to the narrative.[4]

List of tribes

Approximate locations of some of the important tribes and Empire of the Arabian Peninsula at the dawn of Islam (approximately 600 CE / 50 BH).

Below is a partial list of the tribes of Arabia:

B

D

F

G

H

J

K

L

M

N

Q

R

S

AL-Sirhan

T

U

Y

Z

See also

References

  1. ↑ in general: W. Caskel, Ġamharat an-Nasab, das genealogische Werk des Hišām Ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī, Leiden 1966.
  2. ↑ Reuven Firestone (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. p. 72.
  3. ↑ Göran Larsson (2003). Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus. p. 170.
  4. ↑ Parolin, Gianluca P. (2009). Citizenship in the Arab World: Kin, Religion and Nation-State. p. 30. ISBN 978-9089640451. "The ‘arabicised or arabicising Arabs’, on the contrary, are believed to be the descendants of Ishmael through Adnan, but in this case the genealogy does not match the Biblical line exactly. The label ‘arabicised’ is due to the belief that Ishmael spoke Hebrew until he got to Mecca, where he married a Yemeni woman and learnt Arabic. Both genealogical lines go back to Sem, son of Noah, but only Adnanites can claim Abraham as their ascendant, and the lineage of Mohammed, the Seal of Prophets (khatim al-anbiya'), can therefore be traced back to Abraham. Contemporary historiography unveiled the lack of inner coherence of this genealogical system and demonstrated that it finds insufficient matching evidence; the distinction between Qahtanites and Adnanites is even believed to be a product of the Umayyad Age, when the war of factions (al-niza al-hizbi) was raging in the young Islamic Empire."
  5. 1 2 http://us.geocities.com/agecroft_79/materials/klynstra.htm
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