Andrew Peacock

The Honourable Andrew Peacock AC, GCL
Peacock in 1999
Leader of the Opposition Elections: 1984, 1990
In office 9 May 1989 – 3 April 1990
Prime Minister	Bob Hawke
Deputy	Fred Chaney
Preceded by	John Howard
Succeeded by	John Hewson
In office 11 March 1983 – 5 September 1985
Prime Minister	Bob Hawke
Deputy	John Howard
Preceded by	Bob Hawke
Succeeded by	John Howard
Australian Ambassador to the United States
In office 2 February 1997 – 27 February 1999
Nominated by	John Howard
Preceded by	John McCarthy
Succeeded by	Michael Thawley
Party leadership positions Leader of the Liberal Party In office 9 May 1989 – 3 April 1990 Deputy Fred Chaney Preceded by John Howard Succeeded by John Hewson In office 11 March 1983 – 5 September 1985 Deputy John Howard Preceded by Malcolm Fraser Succeeded by John Howard Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party In office 17 July 1987 – 9 May 1989 Leader John Howard Preceded by Neil Brown Succeeded by Fred Chaney
Cabinet posts Minister for Industry and Commerce In office 11 October 1982 – 11 March 1983 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Preceded by Phillip Lynch Succeeded by John Button Minister for Industrial Relations In office 3 November 1980 – 16 April 1981 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Preceded by Tony Street Succeeded by Ian Viner Minister for Foreign Affairs In office 12 November 1975 – 3 November 1980 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Preceded by Don Willesee Succeeded by Tony Street Minister for the Environment In office 12 November 1975 – 22 December 1975 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Preceded by Joe Berinson Succeeded by Ivor Greenwood Minister for External Territories In office 25 January 1972 – 5 December 1972 Prime Minister William McMahon Preceded by Charles Barnes Succeeded by Gough Whitlam Minister for Defence Minister for the Army In office 12 November 1969 – 10 March 1971 Prime Minister John Gorton William McMahon Preceded by Phillip Lynch Succeeded by Bob Katter, Sr.
Constituency Member of the Australian Parliament for Kooyong In office 2 April 1966 – 19 November 1994 Preceded by Robert Menzies Succeeded by Petro Georgiou
Personal details
Born	Andrew Sharp Peacock (1939-02-13) 13 February 1939 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	Susan Rossiter (m. 1963; div. 1978) Margaret Ingram (m. 1983; div. 1995) Penne Korth (m. 2002)
Relations	John Rossiter (father-in-law)
Children	3; including Jane
Residence	Austin, Texas, U.S.
Education	Scotch College
Alma mater	University of Melbourne

Andrew Sharp Peacock AC GCL (born 13 February 1939) is a former Australian politician and diplomat. He served twice as leader of the Liberal Party (1983–1985 and 1989–1990), leading the party to defeat at the 1984 and 1990 elections. He had earlier been a long-serving cabinet minister.

Peacock was born in Melbourne, and attended Scotch College before going on to study law at the University of Melbourne. A former president of the Young Liberals, he was elected to parliament at the age of 27, filling the seat vacated by Robert Menzies. Peacock was appointed to cabinet in 1969, under John Gorton, and later served under William McMahon and Malcolm Fraser. He held a variety of portfolios, most notably serving as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1975 to 1980. He unsuccessfully challenged Fraser for the Liberal leadership in 1982, but was then elected as Fraser's successor following the party's defeat at the 1983 election.

At the 1984 election, the Peacock-led Coalition slightly reduced Labor's majority. He resigned the Liberal leadership the following year, after losing the confidence of the partyroom, and was replaced by John Howard. He remained a member of the shadow cabinet, and in 1987 unsuccessfully challenged Howard for the leadership; he was instead elected deputy leader. Peacock finally returned as leader in 1989. However, his second term lasted less than a year, as he resigned after another electoral defeat in 1990. Peacock left politics in 1994, and was later appointed Ambassador to the United States (1997–1999).

Early life

Peacock was born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of Andrew Sharp Peacock Sr. and the former Iris Lamb. His father was a marine engineer and one of the founders of Peacock and Smith Ltd, a large ship-building firm. He was educated at Scotch College and at the University of Melbourne, where he graduated in law. He practised law in Melbourne while making a rapid advance in the Liberal Party. He was president of the Young Liberals in 1962, and in 1963 he married Susan Rossiter (1942–2016), the daughter of Victorian Liberal MLA Sir John Rossiter.^[1] They had three daughters, one of them being the horse trainer Jane Chapple-Hyam.^[2] By 1965 he was President of the Victorian Liberal Party.

Early political career

In February 1966, former Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies resigned, triggering a by-election in Kooyong, the eastern Melbourne electorate that he had held for 32 years. Peacock gained Liberal preselection, making him the favourite in this comfortably safe Liberal seat. The Liberals (and their predecessors) had held the seat since Federation, usually without serious difficulty. As expected, he won the 2 April by-election, albeit with a slightly reduced majority. He easily retained his seat in the general election held seven months later. In 1969 he was appointed Minister for the Army, and in this role played a minor part in the drama which brought down Prime Minister John Gorton in 1971. In 1972 William McMahon made him Minister for Territories, in charge of Australia's colonial possession, Papua New Guinea, where he was responsible for bringing in self-government.^[3]

When the Liberals went into opposition in December 1972, Peacock became a senior member of the Liberal frontbench. As a party moderate, he was a supporter of the new leader, Billy Snedden. When Snedden lost the 1974 election, Peacock began to be seen as a leadership candidate, but it was Malcolm Fraser who took the initiative and deposed Snedden in 1975. Fraser made Peacock foreign affairs spokesperson, and when Fraser led the Liberals back to power in December 1975 Peacock became Minister for Foreign Affairs, aged 36.

He served as Foreign Minister until 1980, acquiring a reputation as an effective, well connected and hardworking minister although he was seen by some as an international playboy, particularly through his well-publicised relationship with Shirley MacLaine (his marriage had by this time ended in divorce). He had a number of acrimonious disputes with Fraser, particularly over the recognition of the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. After the 1980 election he asked for a change of portfolio, and Fraser made him Minister for Industrial Relations. In April 1981 he suddenly resigned, accusing Fraser of constant interference in his portfolio. Fraser called a party meeting, at which Peacock tried to depose him as party leader and Prime Minister. Fraser managed to fend off this challenge.

In November 1982, when Phillip Lynch resigned from politics, John Howard succeeded him as Deputy Leader, and Peacock was brought back into cabinet as Minister for Industry and Commerce.

Leader of the Liberal Party

Fraser's government was defeated in the March 1983 election by the Labor Party under Bob Hawke. Fraser immediately retired from politics, and Peacock contested the party leadership, defeating Howard, who remained as Deputy Leader.

As Opposition Leader, Peacock faced an uphill battle against the hugely popular Hawke. At the 1984 election he was given little chance of winning, but he performed better than expected by reducing Hawke's majority. In 1985, as Labor's position in opinion polls improved, Peacock's popularity sank and Howard's profile rose, keeping leadership speculation alive. Peacock said he would no longer accept Howard as deputy unless he offered assurances that he would not challenge for the leadership. Following Howard's refusal to offer such an assurance, in September 1985 Peacock sought to replace him with John Moore as Deputy Leader.^[4] The party room re-elected Howard as Deputy, contrary to Peacock's wishes. Despite possessing greater support in the parliamentary party than Howard,^[5] Peacock unexpectedly resigned, concluding the situation was untenable. Howard was comfortably elected Opposition Leader on 5 September,^[6] and appointed Peacock Shadow Foreign Minister.

Howard lost the 1987 election to Hawke, largely due to the Nationals pulling out of the Coalition in support of Queensland Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen's quixotic bid to become Prime Minister. After the election, Peacock was elected Deputy Leader in a show of party unity. But Peacock's supporters began to plot against Howard, and in May 1989 they mounted a party room coup which returned Peacock to the leadership. Peacock, now 50, cultivated a new mature image, enhanced by a second marriage to Margaret St George. He also renewed the Coalition with the Nationals.

On 18 March 1990, Peacock was interviewed by Laurie Oakes on the television program Sunday, regarding his stance on the Multifunction Polis (MFP), a proposal to build a Japanese funded technology city in Australia.^[7] Peacock attacked the MFP concept, saying it would become an Asian "enclave".^[8] According to Roy Morgan Research, Peacock's attack on the MFP did not help him politically, and the Labor Party used the issue to highlight division within the Liberal Party, as John Elliott and others supported the MFP.^[7] The following day, The Australian newspaper ran a headline titled Peacock a 'danger in the Lodge'.'^[7]

Although Hawke's government was in political trouble, with record high interest rates and a financial crisis in Victoria, Peacock failed to defeat Hawke at the 1990 election. The Coalition actually won a slim majority (50.10 percent) of the two-party vote and took seven seats from Labor. It also slashed Labor's majority from 24 seats to nine. However, it only garnered a 0.93 percent two-party swing. Combined with a three percent swing against the Nationals (who saw their leader, Charles Blunt, ousted in his own seat), this prevented the Coalition from picking up the additional seven seats the Coalition needed to make Peacock Prime Minister. Although Peacock was credited with helping the non-Labor forces regain much of what they had lost three years earlier, it was not enough to save his job, and he resigned after the election. He became Shadow Attorney-General (1990–92) and Shadow Trade Minister (1992–93) under the new leader, Dr John Hewson, whom Peacock had supported in getting the job in 1990 over Peter Reith and to stop Howard returning.^[9] After Hewson's election as leader, Hewson endorsed Peacock as his deputy, which caused a furore with Howard supporters. Peacock, however, had no interest in becoming deputy leader again and withdrew happily. Reith was instead elected deputy in a close contest against Peacock supporter David Jull.^[10]

He returned to Foreign Affairs when Hewson lost the 1993 election to Paul Keating. He retained Foreign Affairs when Hewson was displaced by Alexander Downer.

After politics

Ambassador Peacock and Minister for Defence John Moore at the Pentagon in 1999.

Peacock resigned from Parliament in September 1994. In 1996 when asked about blocking John Howard, Malcolm Fraser said Peacock obviously was, while Peacock claimed he supported John Hewson continuing.^[11] When Howard became Prime Minister in 1996, he appointed Peacock as the Australian Ambassador to the United States.^[12] Since the end of this appointment in 1999, Peacock has mostly lived in the United States.^[13]

In 2002 he married Penne Percy Korth, a Washington, D.C. society figure and former United States Ambassador to Mauritius. Midway through 2002 Peacock joined Boeing Australia Holdings as President of Boeing Australia.^[14] He retired from Boeing in 2007, and joined Gold Coast-based fund manager MFS Ltd as chairman.^[15] He held the position for 15 months, resigning shortly before the firm collapsed with debts of $2.5 billion. He later stated: "I should have looked more carefully at MFS before going into it. The business wasn't going well, and I thought I could turn it around but I couldn't.".^[16] His daughter Ann Peacock married Liberal powerbroker Michael Kroger in 1999. They had two sons before separating in 2009. Peacock had earlier endorsed his future son-in-law Kroger as his successor in Kooyong in 1994 but Kroger declined.

Peacock with his third wife Penne Percy Korth Peacock at the LBJ Presidential Library in 2016

Peacock and his American-born third wife retired to Austin, Texas, where she went to university. He visits Australia regularly and does not intend to become a U.S. citizen, although he holds a green card. He gave up drinking after moving to the U.S., after experiencing heart problems. Peacock supported Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, after originally supporting Marco Rubio in the Republican primaries. He placed a bet on Trump to become president even before the first primary, at odds of 16–1. In a January 2018 interview with the Australian Financial Review, he said he was "disquieted by the first year's performance", praising Trump's tax cuts but expressing his disappointment with his decisions to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. According to Peacock, his wife is a staunch conservative and regards him as "the most liberal person she's ever met". He has expressed dismay at the disappearance of moderate Republicans and the general polarisation of American politics.^[16]

Honours

Peacock was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1997.

For his role in bringing in New Guinea independence, Peacock was appointed a Chief Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu in 2006.^[17]

In 2017, Peacock was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun by the government of Japan, "for his contribution to strengthening and promoting friendly relations between Japan and Australia".^[18]

External links

• Appearances on C-SPAN

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andrew Peacock.