3rd century BC

Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Timelines:
State leaders:
Decades:
Categories: Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments
Eastern hemisphere at the end of the 3rd century BC.

The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period.

Hannibal Crosses the Alps during the Second Punic War

In the Mediterranean the first few decades of this century were characterized by a balance of power between the Greek Hellenistic kingdoms in the east, and the great mercantile power of Carthage in the west. This balance was shattered when conflict arose between Carthage and the Roman Republic. In the following decades, the Carthaginian Republic was first humbled and then destroyed by the Romans in the first and second Punic wars. Following the Second Punic War, Rome became the most important power in the western Mediterranean.

Maurya Empire at the age of Ashoka. The empire stretched from Iran to Bangladesh/Assam and from Afghanistan to Tamil Nadu in South India.

In India, Ashoka ruled the Maurya Empire. The Pandya, Chola and Chera dynasties of the classical age flourished in the ancient Tamil country.

Seven Warring States late in the period
Qin has expanded southwest, Chu north and Zhao northwest

The Warring States period in China drew to a close, with Qin Shi Huang conquering other nation-states and establishing the short-lived Qin dynasty, the first empire of China, which was followed in the same century by the long-lasting Han dynasty. The Protohistoric Period began in the Korean peninsula. The Xiongnu were at the height of their power in Mongolia.

Events

290s BC

280s BC

270s BC

260s BC

250s BC

240s BC

The Chinese Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang's tomb at Xian, Shaanxi, China.

230s BC

220s BC

210s BC

200s BC

Significant people

Seleucus I
Ptolemy Soter
Demetrius Poliorcetes
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Hannibal
Scipio Africanus
Menander
Zeno of Citium

Politics and government

Literature

Science and philosophy

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Sovereign states

See: List of sovereign states in the 3rd century BC.

Decades and years

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