2018–19 English Football League

English Football League
Season 2018–19
2019–20 →

The 2018–19 season will be the 120th season of the English Football League (EFL) and the third season under that name after it was renamed from The Football League in 2016. It will begin on 3 August 2018 and conclude on 5 May 2019,[1] with the promotion play-off finals at Wembley Stadium on 25–27 May 2019. For the sixth season running, the league is sponsored by Sky Betting & Gaming and is therefore known as the Sky Bet EFL.

The EFL is contested through three divisions: the Championship, League One and League Two. The winner and the runner up of the Championship will be automatically promoted to the Premier League and they will be joined by the winner of the Championship playoff. The bottom two teams in League Two will be relegated to the National League.

The 2018–19 season marked the start of an initial two year partnership between the EFL and its official charity partner Mind. The mental health charity will have its logo displayed on the shirts of all EFL clubs and will work with the EFL to promote mental health within football and the wider community.[2]

Promotion and relegation

League tables

Sky Bet Championship

Table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Promotion, qualification or relegation
1 Sheffield United 12 8 1 3 21 13 +8 25 Promotion to the Premier League
2 West Bromwich Albion 12 7 3 2 31 17 +14 24
3 Leeds United 12 6 5 1 22 9 +13 23 Qualification for Championship play-offs
4 Middlesbrough 12 6 4 2 14 6 +8 22
5 Nottingham Forest 12 4 7 1 17 13 +4 19
6 Sheffield Wednesday 12 5 4 3 19 18 +1 19
7 Brentford 12 4 6 2 20 14 +6 18
8 Derby County 12 5 3 4 15 13 +2 18
9 Norwich City 12 5 3 4 15 15 0 18
10 Blackburn Rovers 12 4 6 2 14 15 −1 18
11 Swansea City 12 4 5 3 12 9 +3 17
12 Wigan Athletic 12 5 2 5 14 16 −2 17
13 Bristol City 12 4 4 4 16 14 +2 16
14 Stoke City 12 4 4 4 17 18 −1 16
15 Aston Villa 12 3 6 3 20 20 0 15
16 Bolton Wanderers 12 4 3 5 10 15 −5 15
17 Birmingham City 12 2 8 2 13 12 +1 14
18 Queens Park Rangers 12 4 2 6 9 19 −10 14
19 Rotherham United 12 3 2 7 9 19 −10 11
20 Millwall 12 2 4 6 13 19 −6 10
21 Reading 12 2 3 7 15 20 −5 9
22 Preston North End 12 2 3 7 18 24 −6 9 Relegation to EFL League One
23 Ipswich Town 12 1 6 5 11 18 −7 9
24 Hull City 12 2 2 8 10 19 −9 8
Updated to match(es) played on 7 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results [3]

Results

Home \ Away AST BIR BLB BOL BRE BRI DER HUL IPS LEE MID MIL NOR NOT PNE QPR REA ROT SHU SHW STO SWA WBA WIG
Aston Villa — a 2–2 3–3 1–1 2–0 1–2 a 3–2
Birmingham City a — 2–2 2–2 0–0 3–1 0–0 1–1
Blackburn Rovers 1–1 — 1–0 0–0 2–2 2–2 0–2
Bolton Wanderers 1–0 0–1 — 2–2 1–0 1–2 0–3
Brentford 1–1 — 2–1 a 2–2 5–1 2–0 2–0
Bristol City 1–1 4–1 — 0–2 1–1 1–0 1–2
Derby County 0–0 3–1 — 2–0 1–4 1–1 a 2–0
Hull City 1–3 0–1 1–2 — 2–0 0–1 1–1
Ipswich Town 1–1 2–2 0–0 1–1 — 0–2 1–1
Leeds United 1–2 1–1 — 0–0 a 3–0 2–0 3–1
Middlesbrough 1–0 2–0 — 0–2 3–0 0–0 1–0
Millwall 2–1 2–1 1–1 2–2 — 2–3 1–2
Norwich City a 0–3 1–0 — 2–0 0–1 3–4 1–0
Nottingham Forest 2–2 a 2–2 — 1–0 1–0 2–1 1–1
Preston North End 2–2 — 1–0 2–3 2–2 2–3 4–0
Queens Park Rangers a 0–3 1–1 2–0 0–1 — 1–2 1–0
Reading 0–1 1–2 3–0 1–2 0–1 — 1–2
Rotherham United 0–0 1–0 2–3 1–0 1–0 — 2–2
Sheffield United 4–1 0–0 1–0 2–1 3–2 — a 1–2
Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 2–1 1–1 2–1 a — 2–2 2–2
Stoke City 2–3 2–0 1–1 2–0 — 1–0 0–3
Swansea City 0–1 2–3 2–2 0–0 1–0 3–0 —
West Bromwich Albion a 1–2 4–2 2–0 7–1 4–1 2–1 —
Wigan Athletic 1–0 2–1 2–2 1–0 3–2 0–0 —
Updated to match(es) played on 7 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Colours: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For coming matches, an a indicates there is an article about the match.

Sky Bet League One

Table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Promotion, qualification or relegation
1 Portsmouth 13 9 3 1 23 11 +12 30 Promotion to the EFL Championship
2 Peterborough United 13 8 3 2 30 19 +11 27
3 Barnsley 12 7 4 1 26 9 +17 25 Qualification for League One play-offs[lower-alpha 1]
4 Doncaster Rovers 13 7 3 3 21 16 +5 24
5 Sunderland 12 6 5 1 24 13 +11 23
6 Accrington Stanley 13 6 5 2 17 13 +4 23
7 Walsall 12 6 4 2 15 12 +3 22
8 Fleetwood Town 13 5 5 3 21 12 +9 20
9 Southend United 13 6 2 5 17 16 +1 20
10 Luton Town 13 5 4 4 19 18 +1 19
11 Charlton Athletic 12 5 3 4 19 18 +1 18
12 Coventry City 13 5 3 5 11 13 −2 18
13 Scunthorpe United 13 4 5 4 20 26 −6 17
14 Blackpool 11 3 7 1 12 9 +3 16
15 Burton Albion 12 4 2 6 13 15 −2 14
16 Rochdale 13 3 4 6 19 28 −9 13
17 Shrewsbury Town 13 2 6 5 11 13 −2 12
18 Wycombe Wanderers 13 2 6 5 14 19 −5 12
19 Gillingham 12 3 2 7 15 22 −7 11
20 AFC Wimbledon 13 3 2 8 10 18 −8 11
21 Bristol Rovers 13 2 4 7 9 13 −4 10 Relegation to EFL League Two
22 Bradford City 13 3 1 9 10 20 −10 10
23 Oxford United 13 2 3 8 13 23 −10 9
24 Plymouth Argyle 13 1 4 8 9 22 −13 7
Updated to match(es) played on 13 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results [3]
Notes:
  1. ↑ Four teams play for one spot and promotion to the EFL Championship.

Results

Home \ Away ACC WIM BAR BLP BRA BRR BRT CHA COV DON FLE GIL LUT OXF PET PLY POR ROC SCU SHR STD SUN WAL WYC
Accrington Stanley — 2–1 1–1 1–1 1–0 0–2 1–1
AFC Wimbledon — 0–1 a 0–0 2–1 2–3 1–2 1–3
Barnsley 0–0 — 2–1 4–0 1–1 1–1
Blackpool 1–1 — 3–2 2–0 0–0 1–2 2–2
Bradford City 0–2 — 0–0 1–0 0–2 1–2 1–2
Bristol Rovers 1–2 — 3–1 0–0 1–2 0–1 0–1
Burton Albion 3–0 — 1–0 1–2 0–0 1–2 2–1
Charlton Athletic a — 1–2 0–0 0–1 2–1 2–1 3–2
Coventry City 1–0 — 1–0 0–1 0–1 1–2 1–1
Doncaster Rovers 2–1 — 0–4 2–1 0–0 0–0 3–0
Fleetwood Town 1–1 0–1 1–3 2–1 — 2–2 1–1
Gillingham 0–1 3–1 1–1 — 2–4 1–4
Luton Town 1–0 2–2 — 3–2 3–2 2–0 1–1
Oxford United 2–3 3–1 1–2 0–2 1–2 — 1–2
Peterborough United 0–4 2–2 2–1 1–1 3–1 — 1–2
Plymouth Argyle 1–0 0–1 2–3 1–5 — 1–1 1–1
Portsmouth 0–2 1–0 4–1 3–0 — 1–1 2–2
Rochdale 0–4 0–0 3–0 1–4 1–3 — 1–2
Scunthorpe United 2–2 5–3 0–5 3–3 — 1–0 1–1
Shrewsbury Town 1–0 0–0 0–1 1–1 2–2 — 2–0
Southend United 2–0 1–2 2–3 1–0 0–0 2–3 —
Sunderland 2–1 1–1 1–1 2–2 4–1 3–0 —
Walsall 0–1 0–0 1–4 2–1 2–1 0–0 —
Wycombe Wanderers 0–0 1–2 2–1 1–1 0–0 2–3 —
Updated to match(es) played on 6 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Colours: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For coming matches, an a indicates there is an article about the match.

Sky Bet League Two

Table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Promotion, qualification or relegation
1 Lincoln City 13 10 1 2 27 10 +17 31 Promotion to EFL League One
2 Exeter City 13 8 3 2 24 12 +12 27
3 Newport County 13 8 3 2 20 20 0 27
4 Milton Keynes Dons 13 6 6 1 16 8 +8 24 Qualification for League Two play-offs[lower-alpha 1]
5 Tranmere Rovers 13 6 5 2 17 12 +5 23
6 Colchester United 13 6 4 3 28 15 +13 22
7 Stevenage 13 6 3 4 16 13 +3 21
8 Forest Green Rovers 13 4 8 1 19 12 +7 20
9 Bury 13 5 4 4 19 15 +4 19
10 Crawley Town 13 6 1 6 18 18 0 19
11 Carlisle United 13 6 1 6 13 15 −2 19
12 Oldham Athletic 12 4 5 3 16 12 +4 17
13 Swindon Town 13 4 5 4 17 18 −1 17
14 Mansfield Town 11 3 7 1 16 9 +7 16
15 Yeovil Town 12 4 4 4 20 15 +5 16
16 Port Vale 13 4 2 7 13 19 −6 14
17 Morecambe 13 4 1 8 14 25 −11 13
18 Crewe Alexandra 12 3 3 6 12 13 −1 12
19 Northampton Town 13 2 6 5 11 19 −8 12
20 Notts County 12 3 3 6 16 26 −10 12
21 Grimsby Town 12 3 2 7 9 18 −9 11
22 Cheltenham Town 12 2 3 7 9 18 −9 9
23 Cambridge United 13 2 2 9 11 26 −15 8 Relegation to the National League
24 Macclesfield Town 13 0 4 9 11 24 −13 4
Updated to match(es) played on 13 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results [3]
Notes:
  1. ↑ Four teams play for one spot and promotion to EFL League One.

Results

Home \ Away BUR CAM CAR CHL COL CRA CRE EXE FGR GRI LIN MAC MAN MKD MOR NEW NOR NOT OLD POR STE SWI TRA YEO
Bury — 0–1 1–1 4–0 2–2 3–2 1–0
Cambridge United — 1–2 0–1 0–2 1–3 1–1 3–2
Carlisle United — 1–0 0–1 2–2 2–1 0–1 0–2
Cheltenham Town 0–1 — 1–3 0–1 0–0 0–2 2–2
Colchester United 1–2 3–0 — 6–0 1–2 2–0 3–1
Crawley Town 3–2 2–0 — 2–0 1–3 2–2 3–1
Crewe Alexandra — 3–0 0–0 6–0 0–1 1–0
Exeter City 3–1 3–1 — 0–3 1–1 5–1 1–0
Forest Green Rovers 1–0 — 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–0 1–1
Grimsby Town 1–4 — 1–1 1–2 0–3 2–0 0–1
Lincoln City 2–1 0–1 1–0 a — 2–1 3–1 4–1
Macclesfield Town 1–1 1–1 0–2 1–2 — 1–1 0–1
Mansfield Town 1–0 1–1 1–2 — 3–0 4–0 0–0
Milton Keynes Dons 1–0 3–0 1–0 1–1 1–1 — 1–1
Morecambe 0–2 2–1 — 1–0 0–2 0–1 3–4
Newport County 4–2 1–0 1–0 3–3 — 3–2 0–6
Northampton Town 0–0 2–2 1–3 0–1 — 0–0 1–1
Notts County 0–0 3–1 2–1 1–3 — 3–3 0–4
Oldham Athletic 1–3 3–3 2–1 3–1 1–2 0–1 —
Port Vale 3–0 1–0 1–1 0–2 1–2 2–0 —
Stevenage 0–1 3–1 1–0 1–0 1–0 — 2–2
Swindon Town 1–2 3–2 1–1 1–1 0–0 — 3–2
Tranmere Rovers 1–0 1–1 1–0 0–0 0–1 1–0 —
Yeovil Town 2–2 2–2 1–1 0–0 2–0 0–3 —
Updated to match(es) played on 6 October 2018. Source: BBC Sport
Colours: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For coming matches, an a indicates there is an article about the match.

Managerial changes

Team Outgoing manager Manner of departure Date of vacancy Position in table Incoming manager Date of appointment Position in table
Charlton Athletic England Karl Robinson Signed by Oxford United 22 March 2018[4] 2017–18 season England Lee Bowyer 6 September 2018[5] 10th
Scunthorpe United Scotland Graham Alexander Sacked 24 March 2018[6] England Nick Daws 25 May 2018[7] Pre-season
West Bromwich Albion England Alan Pardew 2 April 2018[8] 2017–18 Premier League season Jamaica Darren Moore 18 May 2018[9]
Northampton Town Netherlands Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink 2 April 2018[10] 2017–18 season England Dean Austin 12 May 2018[11]
Ipswich Town Republic of Ireland Mick McCarthy Resigned 10 April 2018[12] England Paul Hurst 30 May 2018[13]
Milton Keynes Dons England Dan Micciche Sacked 22 April 2018[14] England Paul Tisdale 6 June 2018[15]
SunderlandWales Chris Coleman Released 29 April 2018[16] Scotland Jack Ross 25 May 2018[17]
Carlisle United England Keith Curle Resigned 5 May 2018[18] Pre-season Republic of Ireland John Sheridan 5 June 2018[19]
Barnsley Portugal José Morais Sacked 6 May 2018[20] Germany Daniel Stendel 6 June 2018[21]
Bradford City England Simon Grayson End of contract 8 May 2018[22] Republic of Ireland Michael Collins 18 June 2018[23]
Queens Park Rangers England Ian Holloway Sacked 10 May 2018[24] England Steve McClaren 18 May 2018[25]
Swansea City Portugal Carlos Carvalhal End of contract 18 May 2018[26] England Graham Potter 11 June 2018[27]
Stoke City Scotland Paul Lambert Sacked 18 May 2018[28] England Gary Rowett 22 May 2018[29]
Derby County England Gary Rowett Signed by Stoke City 22 May 2018[29] England Frank Lampard 31 May 2018[30]
Shrewsbury Town England Paul Hurst Signed by Ipswich Town 30 May 2018[13] England John Askey 1 June 2018[31]
Leeds United England Paul Heckingbottom Sacked 1 June 2018[32] Argentina Marcelo Bielsa 15 June 2018[33]
Exeter City England Paul Tisdale End of contract 1 June 2018[34] England Matt Taylor 1 June 2018[35]
Macclesfield Town England John Askey Signed by Shrewsbury Town 1 June 2018[31] England Mark Yates 19 June 2018[36]
Fleetwood Town Republic of Ireland John Sheridan End of contract 2 June 2018[37] England Joey Barton 2 June 2018[37]
Doncaster Rovers Scotland Darren Ferguson Resigned 4 June 2018[38] Northern Ireland Grant McCann 27 June 2018[39]
Oldham Athletic England Richie Wellens Sacked 8 June 2018[40] England Frankie Bunn 13 June 2018[41]
Blackpool England Gary Bowyer Resigned 8 August 2018[42] 12th
Cheltenham Town England Gary Johnson Sacked 21 August 2018[43] 22nd
Scunthorpe United England Nick Daws 24 August 2018[44] 18th Scotland Stuart McCall 24 August 2018[45] 18th
Notts County England Kevin Nolan 26 August 2018[46] 24th Australia Harry Kewell 31 August 2018[47] 24th
Crawley Town Australia Harry Kewell Signed by Notts County 31 August 2018[47] 14th
Bradford City Republic of Ireland Michael Collins Sacked 3 September 2018[48] 17th Scotland David Hopkin 4 September 2018[49] 17th

References

  1. ↑ "Key dates for the 2018/19 season". English Football League. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  2. ↑ "EFL agrees partnership with mental health charity MIND". Crawley Town F.C. 1 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 "EFL Regulations Section 3 – The League; subsection 9 – Method of Determining League Positions". EFL. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  4. ↑ "Karl Robinson: Charlton Athletic manager parts company with League One club". BBC Sport. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Lee Bowyer: Charlton Athletic appoint caretaker boss as manager". BBC Sport. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  6. ↑ "Scunthorpe United: League One play-off hopefuls sack Graham Alexander". BBC Sport. 24 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  7. ↑ "Scunthorpe United: Nick Daws named manager after caretaker spell". BBC Sport. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  8. ↑ "Alan Pardew: West Bromwich Albion part company with manager". BBC Sport. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  9. ↑ "West Brom: Darren Moore confirmed as Baggies manager". BBC Sport. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  10. ↑ "Northampton Town part company with Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink". Northampton Town Football Club. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  11. ↑ "Dean Austin: Northampton Town caretaker boss gets job full-time after relegation". BBC Sport. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  12. ↑ "Mick McCarthy: Ipswich Town manager leaves club before planned departure". BBC Sport. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  13. 1 2 "Paul Hurst: Ipswich Town name Shrewsbury boss as Mick McCarthy's successor". BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  14. ↑ "Dan Micciche: MK Dons part company with manager". BBC Sport. 22 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "Paul Tisdale: MK Dons appoint former Exeter City boss as new manager". BBC Sport. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  16. ↑ "Chris Coleman: Sunderland manager leaves as club are taken over". BBC Sport. 29 April 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  17. ↑ "Jack Ross: Sunderland name St Mirren boss as new manager". BBC Sport. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  18. ↑ "Keith Curle's reign as Carlisle United boss ended in a draw against Newport County at Brunton Park". BBC Sport. 5 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  19. ↑ "John Sheridan: Carlisle United appoint new manager". BBC Sport. 5 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  20. ↑ "Jose Morais: Barnsley head coach leaves following Championship relegation". BBC Sport. 6 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  21. ↑ "Daniel Stendel: Barnsley name German as new head coach". BBC Sport. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  22. ↑ "Simon Grayson: Bradford City manager leaves after short-term deal ends". BBC Sport. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  23. ↑ "Michael Collins: Bradford City appoint former under-18s boss as head coach". BBC Sport. 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  24. ↑ "Ian Holloway: QPR manager leaves after 18 months in charge". BBC Sport. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  25. ↑ "Steve McClaren: QPR name ex-England boss as new manager". BBC Sport. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  26. ↑ "Carlos Carvalhal: Swansea City part company with manager after relegation". BBC Sport. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  27. ↑ "Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager". BBC Sport. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  28. ↑ "Paul Lambert: Stoke City manager leaves club after relegation". BBC Sport. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  29. 1 2 "Gary Rowett: Stoke City name Derby County boss as their new manager". BBC Sport. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  30. ↑ "Frank Lampard: Derby County name ex-Chelsea & England midfielder as manager". BBC Sport. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  31. 1 2 "John Askey: Shrewsbury Town appoint Macclesfield Town boss as manager". BBC Sport. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  32. ↑ "Paul Heckingbottom: Leeds United sack head coach after less than four months". BBC Sport. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  33. ↑ "Leeds United: Marcelo Bielsa signs two-year contract to become new manager". BBC Sport. 15 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  34. ↑ "Paul Tisdale leaves Exeter City after 12 years in charge of Devon club". BBC Sport. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  35. ↑ "Exeter appoint Matt Taylor as manager after Paul Tisdale exit". BBC Sport. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  36. ↑ "Mark Yates: Macclesfield appoint Solihull boss as manager". BBC Sport. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  37. 1 2 "Joey Barton: Fleetwood Town announce ex-Burnley midfielder as head coach". BBC Sport. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  38. ↑ "Doncaster Rovers: Darren Ferguson resigns as manager of League One club". BBC Sport. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  39. ↑ "Grant McCann: Doncaster Rovers appoint former Peterborough boss as manager". BBC Sport. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  40. ↑ "Richie Wellens: Oldham Athletic sack manager after relegation from League One". BBC Sport. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  41. ↑ "Frankie Bunn: Oldham Athletic appoint new manager on one-year deal". BBC Sport. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  42. ↑ "Gary Bowyer: Blackpool manager leaves after one game of the season". BBC Sport. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  43. ↑ "Gary Johnson: Cheltenham Town sack manager four games into season". BBC Sport. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  44. ↑ "Nick Daws: Scunthorpe United sack manager after four league games of season". BBC Sport. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  45. ↑ "Stuart McCall: Scunthorpe United appoint ex-Bradford City manager following Nick Daws exit". BBC Sport. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  46. ↑ "Kevin Nolan: Notts County part company with manager". BBC Sport. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  47. 1 2 "Harry Kewell: Notts County appoint Crawley Town boss as new manager". BBC Sport. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  48. ↑ "Michael Collins: Bradford City sack head coach after six games". BBC Sport. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  49. ↑ "David Hopkin: Bradford City appoint ex-Livingston boss as new head coach". BBC Sport. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
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