Øresundståg

Øresundståg

An Øresundståg at Copenhagen Central Station
Overview
Locale	Øresund Region
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Route map Gothenburg Central StationTimetable 100 MölndalTimetable 100 KungsbackaTimetable 100 ÅsaTimetable 100 VarbergTimetable 100 FalkenbergTimetable 100 HalmstadTimetable 100 KalmarTimetable 95 NybroTimetable 95 EmmabodaTimetable 95 KarlskronaTimetable 90 BergåsaTimetable 90 RonnebyTimetable 90 Bräkne-HobyTimetable 90 KarlshamnTimetable 90 MörrumTimetable 90 SölvesborgTimetable 90 BromöllaTimetable 90 KristianstadTimetable 90 LesseboTimetable 95 HovmantorpTimetable 95 VäxjöTimetable 95 AlvestaTimetable 95 ÄlmhultTimetable 95 OsbyTimetable 95 LaholmTimetable 100 BåstadTimetable 100 ÄngelholmTimetable 100 HelsingborgTimetable 100 LandskronaTimetable 100 HässleholmTimetables 90 and 95 HöörTimetable 95 EslövTimetable 95 Lund Central StationTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Malmö Central StationTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Triangeln Hyllie Öresund BridgeBorder: Sweden/Denmark Drogden Tunnel Copenhagen Airport, KastrupTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 TårnbyTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 ØrestadTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Copenhagen Central StationTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 NørreportTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 ØsterportTimetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 HellerupTimetable 101 Klampenborg Skodsborg Vedbæk Rungsted Kyst KokkedalTimetable 101 NivåTimetable 101 HumlebækTimetable 101 EspergærdeTimetable 101 SnekkerstenTimetable 101 HelsingørTimetable 101 Only trains which originate in Copenhagen Airport (rush hour also from Sweden) stop between Hellerup and Kokkedal. The timetable numbers are used in Swedish timetables. They are not used by any Danish operator.

Copenhagen Airport is also a train stop of the Øresund Line

Øresundståg is a passenger train network operated by DSB and Transdev in the transnational Øresund Region of Denmark and Sweden. The name is a hybrid of the Danish Øresundstog and the Swedish Öresundståg, both meaning "Øresund train". The rolling stock, also known as Class ET in Denmark and X31K or X32K in Sweden, are electric passenger trainsets in the Flexliner family. The maximum speed is 180 km/h.

Operations

Three trains per hour cross the Øresund Bridge each way. Trains run at 20-minute intervals (hourly during the night between Østerport and Lund) between Helsingør and Copenhagen in Denmark, and Malmö and Lund in southern Sweden (over the Coast Line and the Øresund Line, through the City Tunnel, and also on a small part of the Southern Main Line). This increases to six trains per hour during the rush hour, each train consisting of up to three sets coupled together, creating 79-metre-long trains each with 237 seats, providing a capacity of 2133 (4266) seats per hour.

Increasingly this has turned out to be insufficient, and people have to stand during rush hours (into Copenhagen in the morning and Malmö in the afternoon). The differences in salaries and house prices between Copenhagen and Malmö have made cross-border commuting more attractive. The trains cannot be lengthened because of platform length constraints. Earlier, the number of trains was limited to three per hour per direction, owing to the need to reverse at Malmö Central Station ("Malmö C"), which restricted capacity. This restriction has been removed by the opening of the Malmö City Tunnel in 2010. Still, some stations restrict capacity because there are only two tracks shared with other trains (mainly Triangeln, Kastrup Airport and Nørreport), so increasing frequency beyond six trains per hour is not possible.

From Lund most Øresundståg services continue to either Gothenburg, Kalmar, or Karlskrona, using the West Coast Line, the Southern Main Line, the Coast-to-Coast Line or the Blekinge Coast Line. This schedule is augmented by a weekday service between Nivå and Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup with some rush-hour services continuing across the Øresund to Malmö and Lund, effectively giving a 10-minute frequency on the route between Lund and Copenhagen Central Station and even more frequent service between Helsingør and Copenhagen. The network thus covers route 854 kilometres (531 mi) of railway. The section from Lund C to Østerport Station is 24/7 (there is an hourly late night service) and the trip lasts exactly 60 minutes.^[1]

The trains are operated by DSB in Denmark and Transdev in Sweden. Trains operated by DSB on the inter-city line to Ystad also run over the network, where they connect to the high-speed ferry to Bornholm. This connection (train + ferry) is considered to be a DSB inter-city service for ticketing purposes. The travel time to Bornholm has been cut in half (3 hours, as against 6 hours previously) since opening of the Øresund Bridge and the introduction of a high-speed ferry, making the combined service more competitive with air travel (35 minutes' flying-time plus 30 minutes' check-in time). Passengers can encounter both Danish and Swedish staff on the trains over the Øresund Bridge. Tickets can be bought from either country. For travel inside one of the Swedish counties or inside Denmark, the local traffic authority tickets are used. For travel across county borders special Øresundståg tickets are used, which are sold by the local traffic authority at selected locations.

On 27 June 2007 it was decided that DSBFirst was to assume responsibility from 2009 for the running of all Øresundståg services on the Øresund Line and connected destinations. DSBFirst started operations on 11 January 2009. In 2011, the Danish and Swedish ministries of transport instructed DSBFirst Sweden to cease operating the Swedish part of the service from 10 December 2011^[2][3] Veolia Transport took over the Swedish side and DSBFirst Denmark's services passed to DSB Øresund. The Øresundståg operation has suffered from financial problems as well as delays and cancelled trains on both the Danish and Swedish part of its network,^[4][5][6][7] notably during the 2010 winter.

Öresundståg passes a field in Skåne in May 2014.

On the Danish side the trains stop often, about every 4 km, like a commuter train. On the Swedish side the trains stop much less often, more like inter-city trains, and they reach stations about 300 km from Copenhagen, such as Gothenburg, Kalmar and Karlskrona. Most travellers in Sweden use it like a regional train for work commuting and similar shorter journeys, and local monthly passes are valid on the train.

The combination of routes of an inter-city nature in Sweden with commuter-like routes in Denmark is often a source of trouble. The long-distance trains from Sweden often accumulate delays during the long journey. But delays cause trouble to commuter passengers having fixed work hours and not wishing to add long margins, since they travel every day. Therefore, DSBFirst nowadays have stand-by trains ready at Kastrup that run to Helsingør if the train from Sweden is delayed. In these circumstances the train from Sweden is terminated early and does not continue to Helsingør.

Because of the complexity involved in the Øresundståg operation and the result of delays on the Danish side of the network, the decision has been taken to split the operations when the current concession ends in December 2021.^[8] The Danish services would be tendered by the Danish authorities, while Skånetrafiken will be responsible for the tendering process for the international and Swedish services.

Competitors

Between Gothenburg and Malmö (until 2012 to Copenhagen, but not to Helsingør), SJ AB (the Swedish national railway) operates competing trains. From 2009 they have different tickets compared to the Øresundståg services. SJ runs X2000 trains via Hässleholm, and from 2009-2011 SJ ran intercity IC3 (X31) trains using via Helsingborg. Confusingly, the IC3 train type is often referred to as the "Öresundståg". Different tickets are needed. A similar situation is with the DSB trains to Ystad, which do not accept Øresundståg tickets despite the "Øresundstog" nickname often given to the rolling stock used.

ID checks from Denmark to Sweden

In response to the European migrant crisis the Swedish government mandated ID checks on all trains coming from Denmark from December 2015. As checks performed by the Swedish police took up to 20 minutes per train, timetables were severely disrupted. Beginning on 4 January 2016, transport operators would be fined if any improperly documented people were found to be brought into Sweden. As a result, DSB restructured the timetable, constructed a fence between the platforms at CPH Airport station, and introduced its own ID checks in order to gain entrance to the Malmö-bound platform at CPH Airport station. The frequency of trains across the bridge has been reduced to a maximum of 3 tph. Apart from the reduced frequency, services from Sweden to Denmark run as usual to Helsingør during the day and Østerport in the evenings, with no ID checks entering Denmark. Since 4 May 2017 the line had changed to perform ID checks only at Malmö Hyllie station for trains travelling to Sweden. To travel from København H to CPH Airport, passengers could use the Copenhagen S-trains or the 3tph shuttle between CPH Airport and Nivå (which runs to Helsingør at a lower frequency in the evenings when trains from Sweden do not go farther). This shuttle reverses on the Danish-bound platform at CPH Airport, and maintains a 6tph service north of København H.^[9][10]

On the Swedish side, trains are timetabled to wait 20 minutes at Malmö Hyllie where the Swedish police check ID of alighting passengers (who could change to a Pågatåg service to reach their destination faster), then board to check the ID of remaining passengers.^[11][12]

Rolling stock

References

External links

• Official Swedish website of Öresundståg (in English) (in Swedish)