鵝

See also: 鹅

鵝	U+9D5D, 鵝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D5D

← 鵜
[U+9D5C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鵞 →
[U+9D5E]

Translingual

Han character

鵝 (radical 196, 鳥+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈竹日火 (HIHAF), four-corner 2752₇, composition ⿰我鳥)

Derived characters

𡤝

References

KangXi: page 1490, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46954

Dae Jaweon: page 2021, character 19

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4635, character 10

Unihan data for U+9D5D

Chinese

trad.		鵝
simp.		鹅
variant forms		鵞䳗䳘𨿍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	ŋaːl, ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	ŋaːl, ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	ŋral, ŋralʔ
檥	ŋral, ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	ŋralʔ, hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaːl) : phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”), cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).

雁 is either a derivative with redundant nominalizer *-n; or both 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl) and 雁 (OC *ŋraːns) reflect an earlier liquid final *-l or *-r (Schuessler, 2007).

On resonants' correspondence among Burmese, Tibetan, and Chinese, see Hill (2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): é (e²)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
Min Dong (BUC): ngiè / ngò̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gô / giâ / ngô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gho⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: é
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
  - Yale: ngòh, ngó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴, ngo²
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/, /ŋɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
  - IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiè / ngò̤
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋie⁵³/, /ŋo⁵³/

Note:

ngiè - vernacular;
ngò̤ - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /go¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /go²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâ
  - Tâi-lô: giâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /gia²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gia¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/

Note:

Mainland:
- giâ - vernacular;
- gô/ngô͘ - literary.
Taiwan:
- gô/giâ - vernacular;
- ngô͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gho⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gô
  - IPA ^(key): /ɡo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngu (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑ/▼

Rime
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤa[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	é
Middle Chinese	‹ nga ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁa[r]/
English	goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
No.	13034
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions

鵝肉／鹅肉 (“goose meat”)

鵝

domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn))
(neologism) a common civilian who suffers undue heavy tax

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鵝 (“domestic goose”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鵝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鵝
Mandarin	Beijing	鵝
	Taiwan	鵝
	Harbin	鵝, 鵝子
	Shenyang	鵝
	Chifeng	鵝子
	Jinan	鵝
	Muping	鵝
	Luoyang	鵝
	Xi'an	鵝
	Zhengzhou	鵝
	Xining	鵝
	Xuzhou	鵝
	Yinchuan	鵝
	Lanzhou	鵝
	Ürümqi	鵝
	Wuhan	鵝
	Chengdu	鵝, 鵝兒
	Guiyang	鵝
	Liuzhou	鵝
	Kunming	鵝
	Yangzhou	鵝, 鵝子
	Nanjing	鵝
	Hefei	鵝
	Nantong	鵝兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	鵝
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鵝
	Hong Kong	鵝
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鵝
	Foshan	鵝
	Shunde	鵝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鵝
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	鵝
	Doumen	鵝
	Taishan	鵝
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鵝
	Dongguan	鵝
	Shaoguan	鵝
	Yunfu	鵝
	Yangjiang	鵝
	Xinyi	鵝
	Lianjiang	鵝
	Kuala Lumpur	鵝
	Ho Chi Minh City	鵝
Gan	Nanchang	鵝
	Lichuan	草鴨
	Pingxiang	鵝
Hakka	Meixian	鵝
	Yudu	鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鵝仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	鵝仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	鵝仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	鵝
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	鵝仔
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	鵝
	Hong Kong	鵝
	Senai	鵝
	Singkawang	鵝
Huizhou	Jixi	鵝
Jin	Taiyuan	鵝
	Pingyao	鵝
	Xinzhou	鵝
	Hohhot	鵝
Min Bei	Jian'ou	鵝
Min Dong	Fuzhou	鵝
	Fuqing	家鵝, 鵝
	Matsu	鵝
Min Nan	Xiamen	鵝
	Taipei	鵝
	Kaohsiung	鵝仔
	Sanxia	鵝
	Yilan	鵝仔
	Kinmen	鵝
	Magong	鵝
	Penang	鵝
	Singapore	鵝
	Chaozhou	鵝
	Johor Bahru	鵝
	Haikou	鵝
	Leizhou	鵝
Puxian Min	Putian	鵝
Pinghua	Nanning	鵝
Shehua	Fu'an	鵝
	Fuding	赤鵝
	Luoyuan	赤鵝
	Sanming	鵝
	Shunchang	赤鵝
	Guixi	鵝
	Cangnan	赤鵝
	Jingning	赤鵝
	Lishui	赤鵝
	Longyou	赤鵝
	Chaozhou	鵝
	Fengshun	鵝
Wu	Shanghai	鵝, 白烏龜, 戇
	Suzhou	鵝, 白烏龜
	Wuxi	戇鵝, 高頭
	Hangzhou	鵝
	Wenzhou	雁鵝, 鵝
	Chongming	鵝, 白烏龜
	Danyang	鵝, 白烏龜
	Jinhua	鵝
	Ningbo	鵝, 戇戇鵝 childish
Xiang	Changsha	鵝
	Shuangfeng	鵝
	Loudi	鵝

Compounds

企鵝／企鹅 (qǐ'é)
千里鵝毛／千里鹅毛
塘鵝／塘鹅 (táng'é)
天鵝／天鹅 (tiān'é)
天鵝星座／天鹅星座
天鵝洲／天鹅洲 (Tiān'ézhōu)
天鵝湖／天鹅湖
天鵝絨／天鹅绒 (tiān'éróng)
天鵝肉／天鹅肉
屏鵝公路／屏鹅公路
搖鵝毛扇／摇鹅毛扇
水淨鵝飛／水净鹅飞
水盡鵝飛／水尽鹅飞 (shuǐjìn'éfēi)
沒頭鵝／没头鹅
白鵝／白鹅
蔞鵝／蒌鹅
雞吵鵝鬥／鸡吵鹅斗

雞爭鵝鬥／鸡争鹅斗
頭鵝／头鹅
鴨步鵝行／鸭步鹅行
鵝仔／鹅仔 (giâ-á)
鵝卵石／鹅卵石 (éluǎnshí)
鵝口瘡／鹅口疮
鵝掌／鹅掌 (ézhǎng)
鵝掌草／鹅掌草
鵝掌風／鹅掌风
鵝梨／鹅梨
鵝毛／鹅毛 (émáo)
鵝毛扇／鹅毛扇
鵝毛被／鹅毛被
鵝毛雪／鹅毛雪
鵝池／鹅池
鵝湖／鹅湖
鵝準／鹅准

鵝眼錢／鹅眼钱
鵝素／鹅素
鵝絨／鹅绒
鵝絨白／鹅绒白
鵝群帖／鹅群帖
鵝翎扇／鹅翎扇
鵝脂／鹅脂
鵝蛋臉兒／鹅蛋脸儿
鵝行鴨步／鹅行鸭步
鵝觀草／鹅观草
鵝鑾鼻／鹅銮鼻 (Éluánbí)
鵝項椅／鹅项椅
鵝鸛／鹅鹳
鵝黃／鹅黄 (éhuáng)
鵝黃色／鹅黄色
鵝黃酒／鹅黄酒
黃庭換鵝／黄庭换鹅

Japanese

Kanji

鵝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Alternative form of 鵞: goose

Readings

Go-on: が (ga)
Kan-on: が (ga)

Compounds

鵝 (が)眼 (がん)銭 (せん) (gagansen)
鵝 (が)管 (かん)石 (せき) (gakanseki)
鵝 (が)湖 (こ) (Gako)
鵝 (ガ)口 (コウ)瘡 (ソウ) (gakōsō)
鵝 (が)山 (ざん) (Gazan)
鵝 (が)珠 (しゅ) (gashu)
鵝 (が)掌 (しょう)草 (そう) (gashōsō)
鵝 (ガ)鳥 (チョウ) (gachō)
鵝 (が)堂 (どう)流 (りゅう) (Gadō-ryū)
鵝 (が)ペン (gapen)
鵝 (が)毛 (もう) (gamō)
鵝 (が)目 (もく) (gamoku)
素 (そ)鵝 (が) (soga)
天 (てん)鵝 (が) (tenga)
- 天 (てん)鵝 (が)絨 (じゅう) (tengajū)
天鵝絨 (ビロード) (birōdo)

Korean

Hanja

鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)

(거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform.
(기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose
- 그려기 올히는 기리 헤요미 맛당하니 : 鵝鴨宜長數 <杜詩諺解, 1481, 7:9> [1]

Synonyms

鴻 (큰 기러기 홍, keun-gireogi-hong) big greylag goose
雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an) wild goose, greylag goose
家雁 (가안, ga-an) literally, domestic or house goose

Compounds

天鵝 (천아, cheon-a) swan

References

남광우 교학고어사전, 서울, 1997, p. 169.

Vietnamese

Han character

鵝 (nga, ngỗng, ngổng)

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[1] 남광우 교학고어사전, 서울, 1997, p. 169.