食む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
食
は
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

/pamu/ → /famu/ → /hamu/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Verb

食む (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana はむ, rōmaji hamu)

  1. (archaic, dialectal) to chew and ingest food; to eat
    Synonyms: 食う (kuu), 食べる (taberu)
    草 (くさ)を食 (は)む
    kusa o hamu
    to graze
  2. to get paid, receive a stipend (from a duty, work, etc.) (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. to harm, injure
    Synonyms: 害する (gaisuru), 損なう (sokonau)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "食む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 食ま はま hama
Continuative (連用形) 食み はみ hami
Terminal (終止形) 食む はむ hamu
Attributive (連体形) 食む はむ hamu
Hypothetical (仮定形) 食め はめ hame
Imperative (命令形) 食め はめ hame
Key constructions
Passive 食まれる はまれる hamareru
Causative 食ませる
食ます		 はませる
はます		 hamaseru
hamasu
Potential 食める はめる hameru
Volitional 食もう はもう hamō
Negative 食まない はまない hamanai
Negative continuative 食まず はまず hamazu
Formal 食みます はみます hamimasu
Perfective 食んだ はんだ handa
Conjunctive 食んで はんで hande
Hypothetical conditional 食めば はめば hameba

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 食 (は)み (hami)
  • 食 (は)み跡 (あと) (hamiato)
  • 食 (は)み返 (かえ)る, 癁 (はみかえ)る (hamikaeru)
  • 食 (は)み出 (だ)す (hamidasu)
  • 食 (は)み出 (で)る (hamideru)
  • 食 (は)み物 (もの) (hamimono)
  • 相 (あい)食 (は)む (aihamu)
  • 餌 (え)食 (ば)む (ebamu)
  • 啄 (ついば)む (tsuibamu)
  • 一人 (ひとり)食 (ば)み (hitoribami)
  • 蝕 (むしば)む, 虫 (むし)食 (ば)む (mushibamu)
  • 物 (もの)食 (は)み, 膆 (ものはみ) (monohami)
  • もり食 (は)む (morihamu)

Idioms
  • 金 (かね)の轡 (くつわ)を食 (は)ます (kane no kutsuwa o hamasu)
  • 言 (げん)を食 (は)む (gen o hamu, “eat one's words”)
  • 禄 (ろく)を食 (は)む (roku o hamu)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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