霜

霜 U+971C, 霜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971C
← 霛
[U+971B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霝 →
[U+971D]

Translingual

Han character

霜 (radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月木月山 (MBDBU), four-corner 10963, composition ⿱雨相)

References
  • KangXi: page 1376, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4070, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+971C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 霜
variant forms ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶双 second round simplified

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
相 *slaŋ, *slaŋs
廂 *slaŋ
湘 *slaŋ
緗 *slaŋ
箱 *slaŋ
葙 *slaŋ
想 *slaŋʔ
霜 *sraŋ
孀 *sraŋ
鸘 *sraŋ
驦 *sraŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • sng - colloquial;
  • song - literary.
Rime
Character 霜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 色莊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ʃiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuāng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 霜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shuāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]raŋ/
English hoar-frost

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 霜
Reading # 1/1
No. 13587
Phonetic
component		 相
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 霜
Old
Chinese		 /*sraŋ/

Definitions

霜

  1. frost
  2. (medicine) cream
    防曬霜 / 防晒霜  ―  fángshàishuāng  ―  sunscreen

Compounds
Derived terms from 霜

Japanese

Kanji
霜

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. frost
  2. years
  3. white as snow, cold as ice, harsh as snow

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
霜
しも
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/simo/ → /ɕimo/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

Thought to be cognate with or derived from 下 (⟨simo1⟩ → shimo, “bottom, lower part”).

Pronunciation

Noun

霜 (hiragana しも, rōmaji shimo)

  1. frost (ice crystals in objects exposed to the air)
    Synonym: フロスト (furosuto)
  2. (by extension) ice adhered inside an electric refrigerator
  3. (figuratively) white hair

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 霜 (しも)曇 (ぐもり), 霜曇 (しもぐも)り (shimogumori)
  • 霜月 (しもつき) (shimotsuki)
  • 霜 (しも)柱 (ばしら) (shimobashira)
  • 秋霜 (あきしも) (akishimo)
  • 大霜 (おおしも) (ōshimo)
  • 晩霜 (おそじも) (osojimo)
  • 露霜 (つゆじも) (tsuyujimo)
  • 初霜 (はつしも) (hatsushimo)
  • 夕霜 (ゆうしも) (yūshimo)

Idioms
  • 霜 (しも)を置 (お)く (shimo o oku)

Proverbs
  • 霜 (しも)を履 (ふ)んで堅 (けん)氷 (ぴょう)至 (いた)る (shimo o funde kenpyō itaru)

Proper noun

霜 (hiragana しも, rōmaji Shimo)

  1. a surname

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

霜 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang, Yale sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

霜 (sương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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