負う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
負
お
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Verb

負う (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana おう, rōmaji ou)

  1. to bear, to carry on one's back
  2. to assume or take a responsibility
    • 1917, 豊島与志雄, 田原氏の犯罪:
      然 (しか)し君 (きみ)も主 (しゅ)任 (にん)店 (てん)員 (いん)として一 (いっ)半 (ぱん)の責 (せき)は負 (お)わなければならない。
      Shikashi kimi mo shunin ten'in toshite ippan no seki wa owanakereba naranai.
      Still, you must accept part of the responsibility as the managing shop assistant.
  3. to be in a debt of gratitude
  4. to suffer an injury
    • 1924, 岡本綺堂, 青蛙堂鬼談:
      妹 (いもうと)は全 (ぜん)身 (しん)に大火傷 (おおやけど)を負 (お)って虫 (むし)の息 (いき)であった。
      Imōto wa zenshin ni ōyakedo o otte mushi no iki de atta.
      My younger sister was at death's door after suffering terrible burns on her entire body.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "負う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 負わ おわ owa
Continuative (連用形) 負い おい oi
Terminal (終止形) 負う おう ou
Attributive (連体形) 負う おう ou
Hypothetical (仮定形) 負え おえ oe
Imperative (命令形) 負え おえ oe
Key constructions
Passive 負われる おわれる owareru
Causative 負わせる
負わす		 おわせる
おわす		 owaseru
owasu
Potential 負える おえる oeru
Volitional 負おう おおう oō
Negative 負わない おわない owanai
Negative continuative 負わず おわず owazu
Formal 負います おいます oimasu
Perfective 負った おった otta
Conjunctive 負って おって otte
Hypothetical conditional 負えば おえば oeba

Idioms
  • 手 (て)に負 (お)えない (te ni oenai)

See also
  • (archaic) 負 (お)ぶる (oburu): to carry on one’s back, to bear

References
  1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
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