袴

See also: 褲
袴 U+88B4, 袴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B4
← 袳
[U+88B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 袵 →
[U+88B5]

Translingual
Traditional 褲
Shinjitai
(extended)		 袴
Simplified 裤

Han character

袴 (radical 145, 衣+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中大一尸 (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

References
  • KangXi: page 1115, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3088, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”).
(This character, 袴, is a variant form of 褲.)

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 胯 (“hip; groin”).
(This character, 袴, is an ancient variant form of 胯.)

Japanese

Kanji
袴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

  1. traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings
  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Kun: はかま (hakama, 袴); ずぼん (zubon, 袴)

Compounds
Compounds
  • 袴 (こ)褶 (しゅう) (koshū)
  • 紈 (がん)袴 (こ) (ganko)
  • 着 (ちゃっ)袴 (こ) (chakko)
  • 布 (ほう)袴 (こ) (hōko)

Etymology 1
袴 (hakama, traditional Japanese trousers)
Kanji in this term
袴
はかま
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿か (haka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿く (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳 (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.[2] Other sources[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

Noun

袴 (hiragana はかま, rōmaji hakama)

  1. hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
      飫 (お)瀰 (み)能 (の)古 (こ)簸 (は)多 (た)倍 (へ)能 (の)波 (は)伽 (か)摩 (ま)鳴 (を)那 (な)那 (な)陛 (へ)鳴 (を)絁 (し)爾 (に)播 (は)爾 (に)陀 (た)陀 (た)始 (し)諦 (て)阿 (あ)遥 (よ)比 (ひ)那 (な)陀 (だ)須 (す)暮 (も) [Man'yōgana]
      臣 (おみ)の子 (こ)は栲 (たへ)の袴 (はかま)を七 (なな)重 (へ)をし庭 (には)に立 (た)たして足結 (あよひ)撫 (なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (botany) a leaf sheath
  3. a holder for a heated bottle of saké
  4. (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
      逼 (＊)而 (＊)脱 (＊)褌 (＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
      逼 (せ)めて袴 (はかま)を脱 (に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
      semete hakama o nikashimete...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: 褌 (fundoshi)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 袴 (はかま)着 (ぎ) (hakamagi)
  • 袴 (はかま)地 (じ) (hakamaji)
  • 袴 (はかま)能 (のう) (hakama-nō)
  • 行 (あん)灯 (どん)袴 (ばかま) (andon-bakama)
  • 表 (うえの)袴 (はかま), 上 (うえの)袴 (はかま) (ue no hakama)
  • 袿 (うちき)袴 (ばかま) (uchiki-bakama)
  • 女 (おんな)袴 (ばかま) (onna-bakama)
  • 御 (お)袴 (はかま)料 (りょう) (ohakama-ryō), 御 (おん)袴 (はかま)料 (りょう) (onhakama-ryō)
  • 片 (かた)袴 (ばかま) (kata-bakama)
  • 括 (くく)り袴 (ばかま) (kukuribakama)
  • 紺 (こう)屋 (や)の白 (しろ)袴 (ばかま) (kōya no shirobakama)
  • 猿 (さる)袴 (ばかま) (saru-bakama)
  • 猩々 (ショウジョウ)袴 (バカマ) (shōjō-bakama)
  • 白 (しろ)袴 (ばかま) (shirobakama)
  • 摺 (すり)袴 (ばかま) (suribakama)
  • 長 (なが)袴 (ばかま) (nagabakama)
  • 羽 (は)織 (おり)袴 (はかま) (haori-hakama)
  • 肌 (はだ)袴 (ばかま), 膚 (はだ)袴 (ばかま) (hadabakama)
  • 張 (はり)袴 (ばかま) (haribakama)
  • 半 (はん)袴 (ばかま) (hanbakama)
  • 緋 (ひ)袴 (ばかま) (hibakama), 緋 (ひ)の袴 (はかま) (hi no hakama)
  • 藤 (フジ)袴 (バカマ) (fujibakama)
  • 山 (やま)袴 (ばかま) (yamabakama)
  • 雪 (ゆき)袴 (ばかま) (yuki-bakama)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
袴
こ
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC kʰuoH).

Pronunciation

Noun

袴 (hiragana こ, rōmaji ko)

  1. (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
  2. (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引き (momohiki)
  3. (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms
  • 袴 (こ)下 (した) (koshita)
  • 袿 (けい)袴 (こ) (keiko)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

袴 • (go, gwa)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 고, 과 (revised: go, gwa, McCune–Reischauer: ko, kwa, Yale: ko, kwa)
    • Name (hangeul): 바지, 사타구니 (revised: baji, sataguni, McCune–Reischauer: paji, sat'aguni, Yale: paci, sathakwuni)
  1. trousers, pants (US)
  2. crotch, groin
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