衙門

See also: 衙门

Chinese

	office; yamen	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; phylum or division (taxonomy)
trad. (衙門)	衙	門
simp. (衙门)	衙	门
variant forms	牙門／牙门

Etymology

Originally written as 牙門／牙门. See 衙 (yá) for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yámen, yámén

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ, ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà-mùn
Min Dong (BUC): ngà-muòng
Min Nan (POJ): gê-mn̂g / gêe-mûi / gâ-bûn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: yámen
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya.mhen
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ä³⁵ mən³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yámén
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yamen
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ä³⁵ mən³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
  - IPA ^(key): /jaː²⁴ mə̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
  - Yale: ngàh mún, ngàh mùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nga⁴ mun², nga⁴ mun⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäː²¹ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /ŋäː²¹ muːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà-mùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ munˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nga² mun²
  - IPA: /ŋa¹¹ mun¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà-muòng
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋa⁵³⁻³³ muoŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê-mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: gê-mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gemngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ge²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ge²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ge²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe-mûi
  - Tâi-lô: gêe-muî
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɛ¹³⁻²² muĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ-bûn
  - Tâi-lô: gâ-bûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ga'buun
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ga²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠa muən/▼

Rime
Character	衙	門
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	五加切	莫奔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/ŋa/	/muən/
Wang Li	/ŋa/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋa/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá	mén

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁə[r]/
English	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衙	門
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	13136	8960
Phonetic component	五	門
Rime group	魚	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	牙	門
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/	/*mɯːn/
Notes	秦地又牙分化字

Noun

衙門

(historical) yamen
(Dungan) office; bureau

Synonyms

(yamen): 公廳／公厅 (gōngtīng), 官衙 (guānyá)

Descendants

→ English: yamen
→ Manchu: ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun)
→ Russian: ямэ́нь (jamɛ́nʹ)

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