船

See also: 舩
船 U+8239, 船
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8239
← 舸
[U+8238] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 舺 →
[U+823A]

Translingual
Stroke order

Alternative forms

The top-right part can be either 八 or 几, depending on the script; Japanese: 船, mainland China: 船, traditional Chinese: 船, Korean 船; see Han unification

Han character

船 (radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜金口 (HYCR) or 竹卜竹弓口 (HYHNR), four-corner 28460, composition ⿰舟㕣)

References
  • KangXi: page 1010, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30407
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3060, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8239

Chinese
trad. 船
simp. # 船
拖斗挖泥船

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 船
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (沿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
船 *ɦljon
舩 *ɦljon
沿 *lon
鉛 *lon
鈆 *kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦljon) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Burmese လောင်း (laung:, “long and narrow boat”).

Sagart (1999) interprets Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon) as a nominal derivate of the verb 沿 (OC *lon, “to go downstream a river”). The Fangyan states the this word was commonly used in western China, but, by Han times, it had completely desplaced the earlier 舟 (OC *tjɯw), used in central and eastern China.

Alternatively, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root could be a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂lu(u)ŋ ~ *d₂l(u)əŋ (“boat”), whence Mon ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ, “canoe, small boat”), perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (“to hollow, excavate, bore”), see Khmer លុង (lung, “to dig a hole”) and Vietnamese trũng (“concave”) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • chûn - vernacular;
  • soân - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 船
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuan³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰuan⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuã⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰuã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴²/
Xi'an /p͡fʰã²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰuan²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰuan³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuan²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰʰuæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
Suzhou /zø¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑyẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /son¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃon¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /syn²¹/
Nanning /syn²¹/
Hong Kong /syn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /suan³⁵/
/t͡sun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tun³¹/
Rime
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食川切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑwian/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiuɛn/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chuán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zywen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.lo[n]/
English boat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 船
Reading # 1/1
No. 14278
Phonetic
component		 沿
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 船
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljon/

Definitions

船

  1. watercraft; vessel (including ships, boats, sailing ships, hovercrafts; sometimes including submarines) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 艘 m; 隻／只 m)
  2. an object with a shape or function similar to watercraft
    太空船  ―  tàikōngchuán  ―  spaceship
    1. alcohol cup
  3. to carry by watercraft
  4. button
  5. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 船

Japanese

Kanji
船

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ship, vessel, large ship

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
船
ふね
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [script needed] (pune2), from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

Noun

船 (hiragana ふね, rōmaji fune)

  1. ship, vessel, larger ship
See also
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
船
ふな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

船 (hiragana ふな, rōmaji funa)

  1. ship, vessel, larger ship
See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

船 • (seon) (hangeul 선)

  1. ship, boat, vessel


Kunigami

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pʰuniː/

Noun

船 (hiragana ぷにー, romaji phunī)

  1. boat

Miyako

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /fu̥ni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Okinawan

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Vietnamese

Han character

船 (thuyền)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. boat

Yonaguni

Kanji

船

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /nni/

Noun

船 (hiragana んに, romaji nni)

  1. boat
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