See also:
U+81C9, 臉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81C9

[U+81C8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+81CA]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 130, +13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月人一人 (BOMO), four-corner 78286, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 996, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29954
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2117, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+81C9

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
*qʰlaːm
*ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
*ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
*kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
*ɡ·ram
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
*ɡ·ram
*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
*ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
*ɡ·ramʔ
*ɡ·rams
*skʰlam
*skʰlam
*skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
*skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
*kramʔ
*kramʔ
*ɡramʔ
*ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
*ŋramʔ
*ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
*ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
*ŋrams
*qʰramʔ
*kams
*kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic  (body part) + phonetic  (OC *skʰlam).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (cheek; face). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, cheek), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, cheekbone) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lián - vernacular;
  • liám - literary.
Note:
  • liam2 - Shantou;
  • liêng2 - Chaozhou.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (14) (37)
Final () (153) (151)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiᴇm/ /lˠɛmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰiɛm/ /lᵚæmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjæm/ /lɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰiam/ /ləɨmX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiɛm/ /lɐmX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭɛm/ /lɐmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ɛm/ /lămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiān lǎn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 10180 10203 10212
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·reːmʔ/ /*skʰlam/ /*kramʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. (anatomy) cheek
  2. (anatomy) face
  3. (by extension) facial expression; complexion
  4. (figuratively) front part of something
  5. (figuratively) reputation; face; image

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“face”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Tianjin
Harbin
Hailar 臉蛋子
Ulan Hot 臉蛋子
Tongliao 臉蛋子
Chifeng
Bayanhot
Jinan
Muping
Luoyang
Wanrong
Xi'an
Xining
Xuzhou , 臉兒, 臉膛子
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Guilin
Liuzhou
Yangzhou
Nanjing
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
Taishan
Dongguan
Yangjiang
Nanning
Wuzhou
Yulin
Hepu
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan
Pingxiang
Hakka Meixian
Xingning
Huidong
Qujiang
Xiaosanjiang
Luchuan
Changting
Pingyu
Wuping
Liancheng
Ninghua
Yudu 面盤
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Sabah , 面鉢
Senai 面鉢
Singkawang
Huizhou Jixi
Jin Taiyuan
Xinzhou
Baochang
Jining
Hohhot
Baotou
Dongsheng 眉眼
Linhe
Haibowan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Fuqing , 面䫌
Matsu
Min Nan Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Taichung
Hsinchu
Lukang
Sanxia
Yilan
Kinmen
Magong
Penang
Singapore
Philippines (Manila)
Pingnan
Chaozhou
Johor Bahru
Haikou
Leizhou
Puxian Min Putian
Pinghua Nanning
Guilin
Wu Shanghai 面孔, 面顴
Suzhou 面孔
Hangzhou , 臉孔
Wenzhou 面股,
Chongming 面孔
Danyang 面孔
Jinhua , 面孔
Ningbo 面孔
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Loudi
Quanzhou

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. cheek
  2. face

Readings


Vietnamese

Han character

(kiểm, quặm)

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