紅毛

See also: 红毛

Chinese
 
red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular
 hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar
trad. (紅毛) 紅 毛
simp. (红毛) 红 毛

Pronunciation

Noun

紅毛

  1. red hair (on animals)
  2. (derogatory, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh

Derived terms
Derived terms from 紅毛

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
紅 毛
こう
Grade: 6		 もう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Possibly coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) +‎ 毛 (mō, “hair”).

Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC ɦuŋ mɑu).

Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛 (hóngmáo).

Pronunciation

Noun

紅毛 (hiragana こうもう, rōmaji kōmō)

  1. red hair
    Synonym: 赤毛 (akage) (more general term for a redhead)
  2. during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
  3. in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 紅毛画 (こうもうが, ​kōmōga): during the Edo period, western pictures that were imported into Japan through Dutch-controlled Nagasaki; those Japanese-produced pictures that were influenced by western artwork
  • 紅毛人 (こうもうじん, ​kōmōjin): during the Edo period, an epithet for a Dutch person, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
  • 紅毛船 (こうもうせん, ​kōmōsen): an epithet for European trading ships that visited Japan in the late 1600s, primarily from the Netherlands, contrasting with the term 南蛮船 (nanbansen, literally “Southern barbarian ship”) used for ships from Spain and Portugal
  • 紅毛碧眼 (こうもうへきがん, ​kōmō hekigan): literally “red hair, blue eyes” → a Westerner

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
紅 毛
Grade: 6 Grade: 2
Irregular

By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).[4]

Pronunciation

Proper noun

紅毛 (katakana オランダ, hiragana おらんだ, rōmaji Oranda)

  1. (obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands
Usage notes

This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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