See also:
U+72A2, 犢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72A2

[U+72A1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+72A3]

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
㸿
Simplified

Han character

(radical 93, +15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土田金 (HQGWC), four-corner 24586, composition or ⿰𧶠)

  1. calf
  2. victim of sacrifice

References

  • KangXi: page 704, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20196
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1117, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1821, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+72A2

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*l'oːɡs
*ljoɡs, *ljoɡ
覿 *l'juːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*l'oːɡ
*ljoɡ
*ɦljoɡ
*ɦljoɡ
𧶠 *luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic  (ox) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (sheep) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, sheep).

Other etymologies have been proposed:

  • Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, calf), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
  • Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Altaic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, calf), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, calf).
  • It could also be related to (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/duk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/duk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/duk̚/
Wang
Li
/duk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ duwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*lˁok/
English calf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16050
Phonetic
component
𧶠
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions

  1. calf (young cow or bull)
  2. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 小牛 (“calf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牛犢, 小牛
Mandarin Beijing 牛犢兒, 牛犢子
Taiwan 牛犢, 小牛
Harbin 牛犢子
Jinan 牛犢, 牛犢子, 牛犢兒
Muping 牛犢子, 牛犢兒
Luoyang 牛犢
Wanrong 牛犢
Xi'an 牛犢子, 牛犢兒, 牛娃兒
Xining 牛犢子, 尕牛犢兒
Xuzhou 小牛犢兒, 牛犢兒, 小牛犢子, 牛犢子
Yinchuan 牛巴郎, 牛巴郎郎, 牛犢子, 小牛娃娃
Lanzhou 牛犢子
Ürümqi 牛娃子
Wuhan 小牛, 牛㹙子, 㹙子
Chengdu 小牛兒, 牛崽崽, 牛兒子
Guiyang 小牛崽, 小牛兒
Liuzhou 牛崽
Yangzhou 小牛
Nanjing 牛犢子, 牛秧子
Hefei 小牛
Cantonese Guangzhou 牛仔
Hong Kong 牛仔
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 牛仔
Dongguan 牛仔
Yangjiang 牛仔
Kuala Lumpur 牛仔
Gan Nanchang 牛崽子
Lichuan 牛崽兒
Pingxiang 牛崽仔
Hakka Meixian 細牛仔
Changting 細牛子
Wuping 細牛子
Ninghua 牛仔
Yudu 牛子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛子, 細牛仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 牛子, 細牛仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 牛子, 細牛仔
Dongshi (Dabu) 牛子, 細牛
Hsinchu (Raoping) 牛子, 細牛仔, 細牛
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 牛幺
Hong Kong 牛仔
Senai 牛仔
Huizhou Jixi 細牛
Jin Taiyuan 牛犢子, 牛娃子
Xinzhou 牛犢子, 小牛子
Min Bei Jian'ou 牛仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 牛囝
Changle 牛囝
Fuqing 牛囝
Yongtai 牛囝
Gutian 牛囝
Fu'an 牛囝
Ningde 牛囝
Shouning 牛囝
Zhouning 牛囝
Fuding 牛囝
Min Nan Xiamen 牛仔, 牛仔囝
Quanzhou 牛仔
Zhangzhou 牛仔, 牛仔囝
Taipei 牛仔囝
Kaohsiung 牛仔囝
Tainan 牛仔囝
Taichung 牛仔囝
Wuqi 牛仔囝
Hsinchu 牛仔囝
Taitung 牛仔囝
Lukang 牛仔囝
Yilan 牛仔囝
Magong 牛仔囝
Penang 牛囝
Chaozhou 牛囝
Shantou 牛囝
Johor Bahru 牛囝
Wenchang 牛囝
Haikou 牛囝
Leizhou 牛囝
Puxian Min Putian 牛囝
Xianyou 牛囝
Pinghua Nanning 牛崽
Wu Suzhou 小牛
Hangzhou 小牛
Wenzhou 牛兒, 牛㹙兒, 㹙兒, 牛童兒
Chongming 小牛
Danyang 小牛
Jinhua 小牛
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha 牛崽子
Shuangfeng 牛崽唧
Xiangtan 牛崽唧
Loudi 牛崽唧

Compounds

  • 初生之犢初生之犊
  • 孤犢觸乳孤犊触乳
  • 帶牛佩犢带牛佩犊
  • 快犢破車快犊破车
  • 抱犢山抱犊山
  • 牛犢牛犊 (niúdú)
  • 老牛舐犢老牛舐犊
  • 舐犢舐犊
  • 舐犢之愛舐犊之爱
  • 舐犢情深舐犊情深
  • 護犢子护犊子
  • 賣刀買犢卖刀买犊

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㸿)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: どく (doku)
  • Kan-on: とく (toku)
  • Kun: こうし (koushi, )

Korean

Hanja

(dok) (hangeul , revised dok, McCuneReischauer tok, Yale tok)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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