樓蘭

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (樓蘭)		樓	蘭
simp. (楼兰)		楼	兰

Etymology

From a name in the native language of the kingdom, possibly of the shape *Kro-ran. Compare Modern Uyghur كروران‎ (kroran, “Loulan”), Russian Крорайна (Krorajna).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Lóulán

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ laan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Lóulán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Loulan
  - IPA ^(key): /loʊ̯³⁵ län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ laan⁴
  - Yale: làuh làahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ laan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ lan⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ läːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ləu lɑn/▼

Rime
Character	樓	蘭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	落侯切	落干切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləw/	/lan/
Li Rong	/lu/	/lɑn/
Wang Li	/ləu/	/lɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/lə̯u/	/lɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóu	lán

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·roː ɡ·raːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蘭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lán
Middle Chinese	‹ lan ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rˁan/
English	orchid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樓	蘭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8453	6119
Phonetic component	婁	柬
Rime group	侯	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	樓	蘭
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·roː/	/*ɡ·raːn/

Proper noun

樓蘭

(～國) Loulan Kingdom (ancient kingdom in western China)

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