撫子

Japanese
撫子: a common pink, Dianthus plumarius; known as 竜田撫子 (Tatsuta nadeshiko) in Japanese
Kanji in this term
撫 子
な(でし)
Jinmeiyō		 こ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

⟨nade si ko1⟩ → /nadeɕiko/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Izumo-no-kuni Fudoki (733 CE).[1]

Originally derived from 撫で (nade), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 撫づ (nadu), modern 撫でる (naderu, “to brush, stroke, or caress gently”) + し (-shi, continuative suffix) + 子 (-ko, diminutive and feminine suffix).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

撫子 (hiragana なでしこ, katakana ナデシコ, rōmaji nadeshiko)

  1. pink (any flower of the genus Dianthus); especially, the 河原撫子 (kawara nadeshiko, “fringed pink, large pink”, Dianthus superbus)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4231), text here
      奈 (な)泥 (で)之 (し)故 (こ)波 (は)秋咲物 (あきさくもの)乎 (を)君 (きみが)宅 (いへ)之 (の)雪 (ゆきの)巌 (いはほ)尓 (に)左 (さ)家 (け)理 (り)家 (け)流 (る)可 (か)母 (も) [Man'yōgana]
      なでしこは秋 (あき)咲 (さ)くものを君 (きみ)が家 (いへ)の雪 (ゆき)の巌 (いはほ)に咲 (さ)けりけるかも [Modern spelling]
      nadeshiko wa aki-saku mono o kimi ga ie no yuki no iwao ni sakerikeru ka mo
      Pinks are flowers that bloom in fall, but at your house they bloom on a snow mountain.[3]
    Synonyms: 野撫子 (no-nadeshiko), 大和撫子 (Yamato nadeshiko)
  2. Short for 撫子襲 (nadeshiko-gasane): a style of layering garments, with the front layer in the color of 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum or apricot”), and the back with blue (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), another name for 常夏 (tokonatsu)
  4. a lovable, caressable child

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 撫 (なでし)子 (こ)合 (あ)わせ (nadeshiko-awase)
  • 撫 (なでし)子 (こ)色 (いろ) (nadeshiko-iro)
  • 撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ)貝 (ガイ) (nadeshikogai)
  • なでしこジャパン (Nadeshiko Japan): nickname of Japan's national football team
  • 撫 (なでし)子 (こ)の若 (わか)葉 (ば)の色 (いろ) (nadeshiko no wakaba no iro)
  • 撫 (なでし)子 (こ)銘柄 (めいがら) (Nadeshiko-meigara)
  • アメリカ撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Amerika nadeshiko), 髭 (ヒゲ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ), 鬚 (ヒゲ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (hige nadeshiko), 美 (ビ)女 (ジョ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (bijo nadeshiko)
  • 伊 (イ)勢 (セ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Ise nadeshiko)
  • 唐 (カラ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (kara nadeshiko, “China pink”, Dianthus chinensis)
  • 河原 (カワラ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (kawara nadeshiko, “large pink”, Dianthus superbus)
  • 小 (コ)米 (ゴメ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ)) (kogome nadeshiko))
  • 信 (シナ)濃 (ノ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Shinano nadeshiko), 深 (ミ)山 (ヤマ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Miyama nadeshiko)
  • 麝 (ジャ)香 (コウ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (jakō nadeshiko), 和蘭 (オランダ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Oranda nadeshiko)
  • 白 (しろ)撫 (なでし)子 (こ) (shiro nadeshiko)
  • 高 (タカ)嶺 (ネ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (takane nadeshiko)
  • 竜 (タツ)田 (タ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Tatsuta nadeshiko, Dianthus plumarius)
  • 野 (ノ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (no-nadeshiko)
  • 花 (はな)撫 (なでし)子 (こ) (hana nadeshiko)
  • 浜 (ハマ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (hama nadeshiko), 薩 (サツ)摩 (マ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Satsuma nadeshiko), 夏 (ナツ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (natsu nadeshiko), 藤 (フジ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ), 富 (フ)士 (ジ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (fuji nadeshiko, Dianthus japonicus)
  • 姫 (ヒメ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (hime nadeshiko)
  • 袋 (フクロ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (fukuro nadeshiko)
  • 紅 (ベニ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (beni nadeshiko)
  • 細 (ホソ)葉 (バ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (hosoba nadeshiko)
  • 蛍 (ホタル)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (hotaru nadeshiko)
  • 松 (マツ)葉 (バ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (matsuba nadeshiko)
  • 桔 (キ)梗 (キョウ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (kikyō nadeshiko)
  • 麦 (ムギ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (mugi nadeshiko)
  • 虫取 (ムシトリ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (mushitori nadeshiko), 蠅取 (ハエトリ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (haetori nadeshiko)
  • 大和 (やまと)撫 (なでし)子 (こ) (Yamato nadeshiko)
  • 琉球 (リュウキュウ)撫 (ナデシ)子 (コ) (Ryūkyū nadeshiko)

Proper noun

撫子 (hiragana なでしこ, rōmaji Nadeshiko)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname​.

References
  1. 1984, 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, relevant text online here.
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Paula Doe; Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 131
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