揺れる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 揺 |
| ゆ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) intransitive form of classical Japanese verb 揺る (yuru), itself from Old Japanese.[1][2][3]
Verb
揺れる (ichidan conjugation, hiragana ゆれる, rōmaji yureru)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 揺らす |
| mediopassive | 揺れる |
- to shake, to quake, to sway back and forth
- 地面が揺れた。
- Jimen ga yureta.
- The earth shook.
- 地面が揺れた。
- to pitch, to roll, to rock, to toss about (such as a ship on rough seas)
- to jolt or joggle (such as a vehicle)
- to swing back and forth (such as something suspended or hanging)
- to flicker, to waver (such as a flame)
- to tremble, to vibrate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "揺れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 揺れれ | ゆれれ | yurere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 揺れよ¹ 揺れろ² |
ゆれよ¹ ゆれろ² |
yureyo¹ yurero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | yurerareru | |
| Causative | 揺れさせる 揺れさす |
ゆれさせる ゆれさす |
yuresaseru yuresasu | |
| Potential | 揺れられる 揺れれる³ |
ゆれられる ゆれれる³ |
yurerareru yurereru³ | |
| Volitional | 揺れよう | ゆれよう | yureyō | |
| Negative | 揺れない 揺れぬ 揺れん |
ゆれない ゆれぬ ゆれん |
yurenai yurenu yuren | |
| Negative continuative | 揺れず | ゆれず | yurezu | |
| Formal | 揺れます | ゆれます | yuremasu | |
| Perfective | 揺れた | ゆれた | yureta | |
| Conjunctive | 揺れて | ゆれて | yurete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺れれば | ゆれれば | yurereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "揺る" (ラ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
| Continuative (連用形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
| Terminal (終止形) | 揺る | ゆる | yuru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 揺るる | ゆるる | yururu |
| Realis (已然形) | 揺るれ | ゆるれ | yurure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 揺れよ | ゆれよ | yureyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 揺れず | ゆれず | yurezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 揺るれど | ゆるれど | yururedo |
| Causal conjunction | 揺るれば | ゆるれば | yurureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 揺れば | ゆれば | yureba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 揺れき | ゆれき | yureki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 揺れけり | ゆれけり | yurekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 揺れつ | ゆれつ | yuretu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 揺れぬ | ゆれぬ | yurenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 揺れたり | ゆれたり | yuretari |
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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