掌握

Chinese

		palm (of hand); in charge of	shake hands; to hold; to grasp
simp. and trad. (掌握)		掌	握

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngwò

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² ak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-vok
Min Nan (POJ): chióng-ak / chiáng-ak / chióng-ok / chiáng-ok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǎngwò
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangwoh
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ u̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng² ak¹
  - Yale: jéung āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng² eg¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœ̽ːŋ³⁵ ɐk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-vok
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong` vog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong³ vog⁵
  - IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ vok̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ak
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng-ak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'ag
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'ag
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng-ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'og
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'og
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

Verb

掌握

to be in control of; to take charge of
to master; to grasp; to know well

Synonyms

(to be in control of): 把持 (bǎchí), 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng), 掌管 (zhǎngguǎn)
(to know well):

edit

Synonyms of 掌握

了解 (liǎojiě)
懂 (dǒng)
懂得 (dǒngde)
把握 (bǎwò)
明白 (míngbai)
明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清楚 (qīngchu)
熟似 (Min Nan)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
理會／理会 (lǐhuì)

理解 (lǐjiě)
瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
瞭然／了然 (liǎorán)
知影 (Min Nan)
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知道 (zhīdào)
覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通達／通达 (tōngdá)
領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
掌	握
しょう Grade: S	あく Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

掌握 (hiragana しょうあく, rōmaji shōaku)

control

Verb

掌握する (hiragana しょうあくする, rōmaji shōaku suru)

to control

Conjugation

Conjugation of "掌握する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Continuative (連用形)	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Terminal (終止形)	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Attributive (連体形)	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	掌握すれ	しょうあくすれ	shōaku sure
Imperative (命令形)	掌握せよ¹ 掌握しろ²	しょうあくせよ¹ しょうあくしろ²	shōaku seyo¹ shōaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	掌握される	しょうあくされる	shōaku sareru
Causative	掌握させる掌握さす	しょうあくさせるしょうあくさす	shōaku saseru shōaku sasu
Potential	掌握できる	しょうあくできる	shōaku dekiru
Volitional	掌握しよう	しょうあくしよう	shōaku shiyō
Negative	掌握しない	しょうあくしない	shōaku shinai
Negative continuative	掌握せず	しょうあくせず	shōaku sezu
Formal	掌握します	しょうあくします	shōaku shimasu
Perfective	掌握した	しょうあくした	shōaku shita
Conjunctive	掌握して	しょうあくして	shōaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	掌握すれば	しょうあくすれば	shōaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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