憶

See also: 忆

憶	U+61B6, 憶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B6

← 憵
[U+61B5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憷 →
[U+61B7]

Translingual

Han character

憶 (radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心卜廿心 (PYTP), four-corner 9003₆, composition ⿰忄意)

Derived characters

𬟔

References

KangXi: page 404, character 33

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11295

Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 27

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2362, character 13

Unihan data for U+61B6

Chinese

trad.		憶
simp.		忆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
噫	qrɯːɡs, qɯ
譩	qɯ, qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	qɯʔ, qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “thought”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik¹
Min Bei (KCR): i̿
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iak / ek / it

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik¹
  - Yale: yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it
  - Tâi-lô: it
  - Phofsit Daibuun: id
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /it̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /it̚³²/

Note:

iak/ek - literary;
it - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 憶
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i²¹/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i³¹²/
	Xi'an	/i⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i¹³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/i³⁵/
	Chengdu	/i¹³/
	Guiyang	/i²¹³/
	Kunming	/i²¹²/
	Nanjing	/i⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/i³⁵/
	Hohhot	/i⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/i³⁵/
	Suzhou	/i⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ʔi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/j̠i⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/i³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/i¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/i⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/i⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/i⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/it̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒï⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/jek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jek̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚³²/ /it̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/i³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/it̚⁵/ /i⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	憶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək/
English	remember
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憶
Reading #	1/1
No.	15156
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

憶

to remember; to reminisce; to reflect upon
記憶 / 记忆 ― jìyì ― to remember

回憶 / 回忆 ― huíyì ― to reminisce
memory
回憶 / 回忆 ― huíyì ― memory

Compounds

主記憶體／主记忆体
回憶／回忆 (huíyì)
回憶錄／回忆录 (huíyìlù)
失憶症／失忆症 (shīyìzhèng)
愊憶／愊忆
憂憶／忧忆
憶念／忆念

緬憶／缅忆
苦憶／苦忆
行思坐憶／行思坐忆
記憶／记忆 (jìyì)
記憶力／记忆力 (jìyìlì)
記憶單元／记忆单元

記憶容量／记忆容量
記憶猶新／记忆犹新 (jìyìyóuxīn)
記憶體／记忆体 (jìyìtǐ)
追憶／追忆 (zhuīyì)
遙憶／遥忆
陶庵夢憶／陶庵梦忆

Japanese

Kanji

憶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to think, to consider, to believe

Readings

Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: よく (yoku)
Kun: おもう (omou, 憶う)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憶
おく Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 憶 (MC ʔɨk̚).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA^(key): [o̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Affix

憶 (hiragana おく, rōmaji oku)

to recall; to remember
to guess; to conjecture

Korean

Hanja

憶 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)

remember
reflect upon
memory

Vietnamese

Han character

憶 (ức)

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