U+5F29, 弩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F29

[U+5F28]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5F2A]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 57, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女水弓 (VEN), four-corner 47207, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 358, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9760
  • Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 994, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F29

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rnaː
*rnaː
*rnaː
*rnaː, *na
*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
*rnaː, *na
*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
*rnaːw
*rnaːw
*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
*naː
*naː, *naːʔ
*naː
*naː
*naːʔ
*naːʔ
*naːʔ, *naːs
*na
*na
*naʔ, *nas
*naʔ
*hnjas
*nja, *njas
*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
*nja, *njas
*nja
*nja
*njaʔ
*njaʔ

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na (crossbow), whence Drung tana, Naxi daqna.

Unger (1990) suggests a derivation from (OC *naːʔ, “to tense; to exert”), as the crossbow shoots arrows by releasing elastic potential energy stored in its limbs and string. Ferlus (1999) cites Gernet's opinion that (OC *naː, *naːʔ, “stone arrow-tip”) had been semantically extended to mean the whole crossbow.

More likely, (OC *naːʔ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na were Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman renditions of a Mainland Southeast Asian Wanderwort (Ratliff, 2010), possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Norman and Mei, 1976; Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007). Compare other MSEA lexical items meaning "crossbow":

Also compare Proto-Austronesian *panaq (to shoot (an arrow)) (cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *paɲʔ).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (8)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/nuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/noX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɔX/
Li
Rong
/noX/
Wang
Li
/nuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.nˁaʔ/
English crossbow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9607
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*naːʔ/

Definitions

  1. crossbow

Compounds

  • 強弩之末强弩之末
  • 彊弩之末强弩之末
  • 搭弩張弓搭弩张弓
  • 璅弩
  • 硬弩強弓硬弩强弓
  • 負弩负弩
  • 負弩先驅负弩先驱
  • 踏弩

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. crossbow
  2. one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable (Do). Especially, dreadnought.
    • 1916, Machida Shiro, 獨逸戰前の真相, Waseda University Press, page 129:
      獨逸に於ける最初の級戦艦はナッサウ、エストファーレンの二艦である
      The first dreadnought-class battleships in Germany are Nassau and Westfalen

Readings

  • Go-on: (nu); (no)
  • Kan-on: (do)
  • Kun: いしゆみ (ishiyumi, ); おおゆみ (ōyumi, )おほゆみ (ofoyumi, historical)

Korean

Hanja

(no) (hangeul , revised no, McCuneReischauer no, Yale no)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(nỏ, nỗ, , )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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