天花

Chinese

	day; sky; heaven	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (天花)	天	花
simp. ^#(天花)	天	花
Literally: “heaven flower”.

Etymology

Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).

The development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ
ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salqin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salhin tsetseg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiānhuā

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄏㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ faa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-fâ
Min Nan (POJ): thian-hoa / thian-hoe
Wu (Wiktionary): thi ho (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tiānhuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄏㄨㄚ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhua
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: tiānhuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhual
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xwɑɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ faa¹
  - Yale: tīn fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ fa¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ fäː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien´ fa´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ fa¹
  - IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: thian-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienhoaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ hua³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: thian-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienhoef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: thi ho (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵⁵ ho²¹/

Middle Chinese: /tʰen hˠua/▼

Rime
Character	天	花
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	他前切	呼瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/xua/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/xwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	huā

Noun

天花

(Buddhism) flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red
(literary, poetic) snowflake; snow
(medicine) smallpox; variola

Synonyms

(flower of the sky): 天華／天华, 空華／空华
(snowflake): 雪花 (xuěhuā)
(smallpox): 痘瘡／痘疮

Derived terms

亂墜天花／乱坠天花
口墜天花／口坠天花
天花亂墜／天花乱坠 (tiānhuāluànzhuì)
天花墜地／天花坠地

天花板 (tiānhuābǎn)
天花枋
天花粉 (tiānhuāfěn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天花):

→ Japanese: 天 (てん)花 (か) (tenka)
→ Korean: 천화 (天花, cheonhwa)
→ Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	花
てん Grade: 1	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

天花 (hiragana てんか, rōmaji tenka)

snow
a flower that blossoms in the Buddhist heaven by their tale.
lotus-petal-shaped confetti scattering before the mortuary tablet.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.