周章

Chinese

		encircle; circuit; complete encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful	chapter; seal; section
trad. (周章)		周	章
simp. ^#(周章)		周	章

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōuzhāng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡㄓㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹ zoeng¹
Min Nan (POJ): chiu-chiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhōuzhāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡㄓㄤ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joujang
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zau¹ zoeng¹
  - Yale: jāu jēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹ dzoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹ zêng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡ʃœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: tsiu-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciuciofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiu³³ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨu t͡ɕɨɐŋ/▼

Rime
Character	周	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	職流切	諸良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/	/cɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu	zhāng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw taŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw kjaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	周	周	章
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu	zhōu	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ tsyang ›
Old Chinese	/*tiw/	/*tiw/	/*taŋ/
English	Zhōu (dynasty and place)	cycle; all around	brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	周	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17531	16817
Phonetic component	周	章
Rime group	幽	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	周	章
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/	/*kjaŋ/
Notes	甲金文象田間稼密，爲稠初文

Adjective

周章

flustered, frightened
hesitated

Noun

周章

effort

Derived terms

周章狼狽／周章狼狈
大費周章／大费周章

煞費周章／煞费周章
費周章／费周章

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